· Name the following
*l. They came from Afghanistan.
Ans: Pathans
*2. They settled at the foothills of the Himalayas.
Ans: Rohillas
*S. · The brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa
Ans: Raghunathrao
*6. The chief of Jats at Mathura
Ans: Surajmal Jat
*8. Defeated Nizam at Rakshasbhuvan near Paithan.
Ans: Peshwa Madhavrao
Complete the names of the following
*1. N _ n _____ _ *2. D *3. N
Ans: 1. Nanasa heb 2. Dattaji 3. Najibkhan
Arrange in chron ological order
*1. Arrange
1. Th e battl e of Rakshasbhuvan 11. The death of Tipu Sultan
111. Th e death of Madhavrao Peshwa 1v. The battle of Panipat
v. The battl e of Buradi Ghat
Ans: 1. Th e battle of Buradi Ghat 11. The battle of Panipat
111. The bat t le of Rakshasbhuvan 1v. The death of Madhavrao Peshwa
v. The death of Tipu Sultan
~ Write short notes on
I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
;...;:L
'--- .....
*1. Conflict with the Afghans .
Ans: ,. The Marathas chastised the Rohillas who had migrated from Afghanistan to Rohilkhand.
11. The ruler of Afghanistan, Ahmadshah Abdali, who was attracted by the riches of India and wanted
to bring the region up to Punjab under Afghanistan, attacked Punjab in 1751 CE.
iii. As there was anarchy in the Mughal territory, the Mughal Emperor sought help from Marathas to
protect Delhi from the threat of Abdali's invasion. He signed a treaty with the Marathas in April
1752 to protect the Mughal power from enemies like the Rohillas, the Jats, the Rajputs and the
Afghans.
iv. In return, the Marathas were given the right to collect_Chauthai in the territorie s of Pu njab,
Multan, Rajputana, Sindh and Rohilkhand and the Subhedari of Ajmer and Agra provinces.
v. As per the treaty, the Peshwa sent the Shinde-Holkar armies to protect Delhi on behalf of t he
Chhatrapati. On hearing that the Marathas were marching to Delhi, Abdali went back to his
country.
vi. Since Abdali's threat got averted; the Emperor gave the Marathas, Chauthai rights to the Mughal
subhas of Kabul, Kandahar and Peshawar which were a part of Abdali's Afghanistan.
vii. According to the treaty, it was the Marathas' duty to win back these subhas from Abdali.
viii. A conflict ensued between Abdali and the Marathas which further led to the Third Battle of Panipat.
ix. Abdali invaded India six times during this period.
*2. Raising the Maratha standard at Attack
Ans: i. Najibkhan, a Rohilla chief, did not like the Maratha supremacy in the North.
11. At Najibkhan's behest, Ahmadshah Abdali invaded India for the fifth time. He captured Delhi and
returned to Afghanistan with a huge booty.
111 . It is the n tha t, Raghunathrao and Ma lha rra
o Holkar ma rch ed to the No rth again and
Delhi. The y cap ture d the Punjab and dro ve re- cap tur ed
out Abdali's offi cer s righ t up to Att ack (in
pre sen t day
Pakistan).
iv. . From Att ack , the y con tinu ed · the ir cam
paign up to Peshawar but fail ed to
ma ke pro per
arr ang
em ent s to look afte r the new ly con que
red terr itor y.
*S. The after effects of the battle of Panipat
Ans: 1. On 14 January 1761, the Marathas opened the third battle of Panipat, by attacking Abdali's army.
11. The Marathas lost in this battle and suffered severe losses.
111. A whole generation of young men in Maharashtra including Peshwa's son Vishwasrao and many
brave Sardars were kiUed on the battlefield. Sadashivraobhau also disappeared in the battle fray.
Approximate ly 150000 people were killed in this battle. ·
1v. Taking advantage of the defeat of the Marathas, the Nizam invaded the Maratha territory again.
v. The Sultan of M ysore, Hyder Ali also attacked the Maratha territory in Karnataka.
vi. While, the Nizam was de_ f eated by the Marathas under leadership of Peshwa Madhavrao at
Rakshasbhuvan near Paithan, Hyder Ali was defeated by Marathas in a battle at Moti Talav near
Srirangapatt an. Marathas overcam'e this great defeat of Panipat and revived their supremacy in
the politics of the North.
