Cluster sampling
Cluster sampling is a sampling technique where the entire population is divided
into groups, or cluster. .
Example
Let’s assume that you want to evaluate the earnings of airport staff in the United States.
Since the US has about 5,200 airports, a decision is made to classify all 5,200 airports as
clusters.
Where the employees of each airport represent a cluster.
You can then use a simple random sampling technique to select 100 airports from your
5,200 clusters.
The earnings of the employees in those 100 airports will represent the primary data for
your study.
What you have ultimately done, is to save yourself time from evaluating the earnings of
employees from all 5,200 airports.
It will also cost you less to travel to all 5,200 airports than the selected 100.
The downside of this technique, however, is the automatic presence of a higher sampling
error. Also, results may not be a true representation of the entire population.