INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS

SUBJECT CODE : PE 003

MODULE NO. :9
WEEK : 13
TOPIC/LESSON : Dual Sport
SUB-TOPIC/S : Table Tennis (Objectives, History and
Terminologies)

OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC

Table tennis, an indoor adaptation of the game lawn tennis, played on a table sized-court, with a small,
very light, hollow celluloid ball and small wooden rackets or paddles. Like any other sport, it is an
educational process demanding psychological and physiological attributes. Table tennis is now one of
the most popular racket sports, possibly because players of all ages can participate in a game which can
be played all year round in almost any room which is large enough placed a table tennis table.

HISTORY

The game was invented in England in the early days of the 20th century and was originally called Ping-
Pong, a trade name. The name table tennis was adopted in 1921–22 when the old Ping-Pong Association
formed in 1902 was revived. The original association had broken up about 1905, though apparently the
game continued to be played in parts of England outside London and by the 1920s was being played in
many countries. Led by representatives of Germany, Hungary, and England, the Fédération
Internationale de Tennis de Table (International Table Tennis Federation) was founded in 1926, the
founding members being England, Sweden, Hungary, India, Denmark, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Austria,
and Wales. By the mid-1990s more than 165 national associations were members.

The first world championships were held in London in 1926, and from then until 1939 the game was
dominated by players from central Europe, the men’s team event being won nine times by Hungary and
twice by Czechoslovakia. In the mid-1950s Asia emerged as a breeding ground of champions, and from
that time the men’s team event has been won by either Japan or China, as has the women’s event,
though to a lesser extent; North Korea also became an international force. In 1980 the first World Cup
was held, and Guo Yuehua of China won the $12,500 first prize. Table tennis became an Olympic sport in
1988, with singles and doubles competition for men and women.

TERMINOLOGIES

BACKHAND - A shot done with the racket to the left of the elbow for a right-hander, the reverse for a
lefthander.

BACKSPIN - Backward spin placed on the ball. Also called Underspin.

BAT - Same as racket.

BLADE - Wooden part of bat.

BLOCK - A quick, off the bounce return of an aggressive drive done by just holding the racket in the ball's
path.

CHOP - A chop is a heavy underspin shot. I it usually executed away from the table and below the
tabletop. A chop forces the ball to drop downwards when it hits an opponent’s paddle.

CHOPPER - A style of play where chopping is the primary shot.

CLOSED - Holding the racket such that he racket's hitting surface is aimed downward, with the top edge
leaning away from you.

COUNTER - drive A drive made against a drive. Some players specialize in counter-driving.

CROSS - court A ball that is hit diagonally from corner to corner.

DEAD - A ball without any spin.

DEEP - A ball that lands deep on the table. A serve that will not bounce twice on the opponent's side of
the table if given the chance is also considered deep.

DOWN - the line A ball that is hit along the side of the table, parallel to the sidelines, is hit down the line.

DRIVE - The basic topspin shot executed close to the table. Also called a counter, counter drive, or
smash.

DROP SHOT- SHORT PLACEMENT - very close to the net. A key point in making a drop shot is to not
allow the ball to fall off the table after the first bounce. i.e. Drop shots should bounce at least twice on
the opponents side of the table before falling off.

FLAT - A ball that has no spin, usually travelling with good pace.

FLICK OR FLIP - A topspin shot generated over the table close to the net, usually with the power
generated only from the upper arm or the wrist. Used to start offense on a short ball.

FOOTWORK - How a person moves to make a shot.

FOREHAND - Any shot done with the racket to the right of the elbow for a right-hander, the reverse for a
lefthander.

GAME - Set. Each game is played to 11 points unless a deuce occurs.

GAME POINT - Last point of a game.

HITTER - A style of play where hitting is the primary shot.

INVERTED - The most common racket covering. It consists of a sheet of rubber on top of a sponge where
pips of the rubber point inward, so the surface is smooth.

ITTF - International Table Tennis Federation, founded 1926, is the world governing body of the sport,
and its members are the table tennis Associations of more than 150 countries.

Junk Rubber that produce no spin, such as anti-spin and long-pips.

KILL - A put away shot. Ball is hit with enough speed so the opponent cannot make a return.

LET - Service ball hitting the net or a distraction that causes the point played over.

LOB - Usually used when in the player is in the backcourt in a defensive situation. The player hits the ball
as high as he can - usually with a combination of topspin and sidespin. The deeper the ball lands on the
table, the more difficult it will be for his opponent to smash.

LOOP - The shot that currently dominates the sport. This is an extreme topspin shot. One the Mazunov
brothers (russia) won a spin competition being 'clocked' at 9000 rpm. A loop, when exectued properly
can curve in the air as a curveball does in baseball. This curve allows the player to hit the ball harder and
still rely on the spin of the ball to cause the ball to dive down onto the table. Also, a loop will 'skip' on
the table top taking sharp changes in directions. A loop will also tend to 'pop' upwards when it strikes
the opponents racket.

The opponent has to deal with

1. A curving ball,

2. A ball that changes directions when it hits the table, and

3. A ball that will jump off his racket unpredictably unless he compensates for spin.

A loop will also counter heavy spin (topspin or underspin) from an opponent. It can be executed above
or below the tabletop, close or far away from the table.

LOOPER - A style of play where the primary shot is the loop.

OPEN - Holding the racket such that he racket's hitting surface is aimedward, with the top edge leaning
towards you.

PADDLE - Same as racket.

PENHOLDER - A type of grip giving the best possible forehand but the most awkward backhand of the
conventional grips.

PIPS - The small conical bits of rubber that cover a sheet of table tennis rubber.

PIPS OUT - A type of racket covering. It consists of a sheet of pips out rubber on top of a layer of sponge.
The pips point outward, the opposite of inverted.
POINT - A unit of scoring in table tennis.

PUSH - A push is an underspin shot executed over the table, and usually close to the net. This is a
passive shot that is used when it is impossible to attack a ball.

RACKET - Same as bat.

RALLY - The period in which the ball is in play.

RATING - A number that is assigned to players after their first tournament. The better the player the
higher the rating should be.

RECEIVE - The return of a serve.

SERVE - The first shot, done by the server. It begins with the ball being thrown up from palm of hand
and struck by the racket.

SHAKE HAND - The most popular grip. It gives the best balance of forehand and backhand.

SIDESPIN - Spin placed on a ball to allow it to curve left or right in the air. Usually utilized in combination
with the topspin of a loop.

SMASH - A put away shot. Ball is hit with enough speed so the opponent cannot make a return.

SPIN - The rotation of a ball. Topspin: Spin placed on a ball to allow it to curve down onto the table.

STROKE - Any shot used in the game, including the serve.

TOPSPIN - Spin placed on a ball to allow it to curve down onto the table.

TWIDDLE - Same as twirl.

Twirl Turning of the paddle, used for confusing opponents on which side of the paddle is being used. Not
as deceptive now due to the two color law, namely black on one side and bright red on the other side.
Usually utilized with combination bat.

UMPIRE OR REFEREE - An official who keeps score and enforces rules during a match