Mangalayatan University

Subject Code: ML-201

Subject : Victimology (3 Credits)

Unit – I: Nature and Scope – School of Thought

Definition of Victimology, Nature and Scope, Victimology as a Science: Approaches of Radical Criminologists
and Liberal Criminologists. Two Schools of Thought on Victimology as Science: Schaffer’s and Drapkin’s
views, Mendelssohn’s “Penal Couple”, Quinney’s, Khan’s and Singh’s Views on who is a victim, Krishna and
Singh’s Need For Scientific Study, Ellen Berger on Mutuality Between Offender and The Victim’, Methods
when victim instigate the Criminal, Explain: Victimal as opposed to Criminal, Victimity as opposed to
Criminality, Victimal receptivity and Victim-precipitated.

Unit – II: Types of Victims, Theories, their Rights

Types of Victims: Mendelsohn types, Walter Reckless types, Von Hentig’s Criteria, and Wolfgang’s types,
Theories of Victim of Crime, Rights of Victim-Human Rights, Constitutional Rights, UN Declaration on Rights
of Victim of Crime, Abuse of Power, Recommendations of Malimath Committee and Law Commission of
India.

Unit – III: Justice to Victims of Crime – Compensation

Justice to Victims of Crime: Status of Victims in Criminal Justice System, A Human Rights approach,
Compensation to Victims of Crime, Compensation under: Fatal Accidents Act, 1855, Motor Vehicle, Act, 1988,
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Compensation as mitigating factor: Compensation for murder, Compensation
for sexual assault, Constitutional Remedy for Human Rights Violations, Compensation under the Probation of
Offender Act, 1958, Victims Compensation and the Law in India: A Sketch, Proposed paradigm: The
Compensation Board and Commutation of Compensation. Compensation Scheme in America, Britain, France
and Japan.

Unit – IV: Penal Redressals

Victim of Crime – Administration of Justice: To satisfy Instinct of revenge, and deter likeminded criminals
from committing Crimes, Penal Remedies: Speedy Trial: Fast Track Courts, Lok Adalats, Special Tribunals,
Redressal Agencies, Public Interest Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Protecting Victims of Crime in
: Theft, Robbery and Dacoity cases, Kidnapping, Murder, Cheating, Sexual Assaults, Harassment and Violence
against Woman and Children, and breach of Trust cases, false advertisements, Impersonation cases, Deficiency
in Medical Services, offenders to be compelled to pay compensation or undergo Imprisonment for non-payment,
Role of Police and Judicial Protections to Victims of Crime, Nirbhayya Rape Case: Women Empowerment –
Placement in Services, Remedies: under Cr. P.C, Human Rights Commission Act, Prevention of Dowry Death
Act, Presumptions-Section 113-A and Section 113-B, The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, Verma, J, Criminal
Reform Act 2013, Prevention of Atrocities against SC/ST Act, Untouchably Act, Constitutional Reservation
for depressed Class, Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Suggested Reading Books

1. Ahuja Ram: Violence Against Women, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, 1998

2. Krishna, K. Pand Singh, D.P.: Victims of Crime, in Social change, September 1982, Vol. 12 No.3 PP.
48-58
3. Barean of Police Research and Development, New Delhi Compensation to Victims of Crime, 1979
4. Khan, M.Z. and Krishna, K.P. : Victims of Fatal Motor Vehicle Accidents, Institute of Criminology and
Forensic Science, New Delhi, 1981
5. Schafer, Stephen : Crime and Delinquency, April 1968
6. Shults: Crime and Delinquency, April 1968
7. Wolfgang, Maroin: Victim precipitated Criminal Homicide
8. John Wiley and Sons: Sociology of Crime and Delinquency, New York, 1962
9. S. Chabbra: The Quantum of Punishment in Criminal Law 1970
10. Law Commission of India, Forty Second Report, Ch. 3 (1971)
11. K.S. Shukla: Sociology of Deviant Behaviour in 3 ICSSR Survey of Sociology and Social Anthropology
1969-179 (1986)
12. Dr. K.I. Vibhuti: Criminal Justice – A Human Rights Perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in
India.
13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986
14. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
15. S.N. Misra: The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
16. S.N. Misra: Indian Penal Code.
 Mangalayatan University
Subject Code: ML-202
Subject : Police Law and Administration (3 Credits)

Unit – I: The Police Act, 1861 Highlights and Scope

The Police Act, 1861 highlights and scope, Preamble, Constitution of the force, Certificate, Surrender of
Certificate, Police officers Diary and its significance, Recording of Statement of witnesses, Power of Bail,
Recording of Confessions and Dying Declarations, Trial, Remand Proceedings, Power of search and seizure,
take charge of un-claimed property, disposal of Property, Identification of person arrested, control rooms at
Districts, Police reference of accused for medical examination, Powers of Superior officers of Police.

Inspector General of Police, qualification, for appointment, powers and duties of Inspector General of Police,
resignation, constitution of Police force for special purposes, appointment of additional force in the
neighbourhood of Railway and other works, quartering of additional police in disturbed and dangerous districts,
penalties and compensation for neglect of duties and disobeying orders, jurisdiction for punishment of certain
offences on road.

Unit- II: Power of Police Force

Information of offence – FIR, Evidential Value, powers of Police to investigate, qualifications of Investigator,
FIR whether a condition precedent for Criminal Investigation, scientific aids to Police Investigation, effect of
delayed information and changed conditions, effect of omission to name eye witnesses, lodging of false report,
FIR and Police record tempered, FIR doubtful, suspicion expressed in FIR, Inherent power of High Court to
quash FIR.

Powers of the Police to investigate offences under special Laws - under section 7 of the National Security Act,
1980, and detection, Power of Police to investigate offence under the conservation of Foreign Exchange and
Prevention of smuggling Activities Act, 1974, Prevention of corruption Act. Suppression of immoral Traffic in
Women and Girls Act, 1956.

Unit – III: Police Powers of Arrest and Seizure

Police powers to arrest persons, (Ss. 41-60A Cr.P.C.): Essential of arrest, arrest how made, any police officer
may arrest on honest suspicion, credible Information and good faith, arrest for having in possession any
implement of house breaking, arrest for being in possession of stolen property, arrest on refusal to give name
and address, arrest for obstructing a Police officer etc, arrest of pro-claimed offenders, arrest for gambling under
U.P. Public Gambling Act, arrest for deserter from the army, arrest of Vagabonds, habitual robber, arrest under
section 25 Arms Act, arrest of woman, arrest of Public servant, arrest of persons belonging to the Indian Army.
Search of arrested person, mode of searching females, power to seize offending weapons, warrant of arrest,
Compensation for wrongful arrest, Authorize detention by Police for 24 hours after arrest, Proclamation against
absconder, effect of non-production of the under trail for 48 hours before Magistrate.

Unit – IV: Preventive Action of Police

Preventive Action of the Police: Prevent cognizable offences, arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable
offences, Prevention of Injury to Public property, Inspection of weights and measures, Police assists Magistrate
for keeping the peace and for good behaviour - on likelihood of breach of peace by convicted person, persons
disseminating seditious matters, from suspected persons, from habitual offenders, Role of Police in maintenance
of public order and Tranquility in cases of unlawful Assemblies, public Nuisances, disputes as to immovable
property, Disciplinary action, Dismissal of Police officers, remedies under Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.
Suggested Reading Books:

1. The Police Act, 1861

2. The Police Act, 1888
3. The Police Act, 1949
4. The Police (Incitement to Disaffection) Act, 1922
5. Mitter’s: The Police Diaries, Statements, Reports, Investigations. (Vol. 1)
 Mangalayatan University

Subject Code: ML-203

Subject : Sentences and Sentencing (3 Credits)

Unit – I: Nature of Sentences – Social Control

Nature of Sentence: Social Control - to maintain social order stability, and socialize values. Violation of Legal
Rules - prevention by fear of sentencing, Infliction of Pain or suffering. Relation between sentences and
sentencing, judicial discretion in sentencing offenders, Sentence actual offender, sentencing proportionate to
the caused harm, aggravated or mitigated by reference to the personality, motive and temptation, Minimum
mandatory sentence, sentencing power of Courts, Criteria for enhanced sentence, Mutation of sentences.

Unit –II: Theories of Sentences

Theories of Sentences: To effect retribution or revenge or vengeance, to restrain offender (Incapacitation)

physically, to deter others from similarly violating Law, to bring about reformation of the offender – Reparation
and maintenance of social solidarity, Suth land’s Theories of variation in punishment:

1. Cultural Consistency Theory

2. Pysychoanalytic or scape-goat Theory
3. Sociological or social structure theories.

Rules of Punishment: Sentences in Penal Code and Special Laws, Changes in punitive philosophy – Theoretical
paradigms: Classism, Positivism, Conservatism, Strait Theory and new law Deviancy Theory, Pre-sentence,
hearing, sentencing of habitual offenders, New Approach to Sentencing: Alternatives to sentencing - Probation,
Parole, fine, Compensation to Victims of Crimes.

Unit – III: Capital Sentence - Approaches

Capital Sentence: International and Human Rights on the future of Capital Sentence, Ongoing concerns, Capital
Sentence in India, The Death penalty and question of Deterrence, The Death Penalty and Public Opinion, The
Legislative and Judicial Policy, Delay in Execution of Death Sentence – extenuating Factors, Supreme Courts
guiding Rules, Which Court is competent to award Death Sentence, Power to direct further inquiry to be made
or additional evidence, Power of High Court to Confirm sentence or annul conviction. Commutation of Death
Sentence, President of India’s power to Commute death sentence, Confiscation/forfeiture of property under
Penal Code and Special Penal Laws, Fine - Imprisonment in default of payment of fine and its termination on
payment, enhanced sentence for certain offences.

Unit – IV: Sentence of Imprisonment – Governing Rules

Sentence of Imprisonment : Rigorous and Simple, Time for New Approach, problems associated with sentence
of imprisonment-over-crowding, Infection and diseases, Human Rights abuses, Vulnerable groups,
Discrimination, Prison System-Jail for women prisoner, Jails for Juvenile Delinquents, open Jails, Classification
of Prisoners, Rights of Prisoners: Physical Security, Due Process, Access to Reading Materials. Voting Right,
Education Right, Access to the Media, Sex and family life, Privacy, Religious observance, Consideration of
Parole, Right to live peacefully – against overcrowding, against Inadequate Provision for Basic Needs, Torture,
Repressive control, unequal Treatment and Privileges, Prisoner’s Right to receive wages for hard Prison labour,
Commutation of Sentences of Imprisonment for life.
Suggested Reading Books

1. Sanders and Young: Criminal Justice (1994)

2. S. Chhabra: The Question of Punishment in Criminal Law (1970)
3. H.L.A. Hart: Punishment & Responsibility (1968)
4. Indian Penal Code: Chapter on Punishment (Sec-53to 71)
5. Cr. P.C.: Provision of Relation to Punishment, Probation, Parole, Bail.
6. Probation of Offenders Act.
7. Dr. K. I. Vibhuti: Criminal Justice – A Human Rights Perspective of Criminal Justice Process in India.
8. Ram Ahuja: Criminology.
9. J.P.S. Sirohi: Criminology and Criminal Administration
10. Suther Land: Criminology
11. Mahesh Chandra: Socio-economic Crimes
12. S.N. Misra: Indian Penal Code
13. S.N. Misra: The code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
14. S. Chabbra: The Quantum of Punishment in Criminal Law 1970
15. H.L.A. Hart: Punishment and Responsibility (1968)
16. Herbert L. Pacher: The Limits of Criminal Sanction (1968)
17. Law Commission of India: Forty-Second Report.
18. Barnais and Teator: New Horizons of Criminology.
 Mangalayatan University

Subject Code: ML-204

Subject : White-Collar Crimes (2 Credits)

Unit – I: Nature of White-Collar Crimes – Approaches

• White-Collar Crimes: Definition, Nature and Scope

• Prof. E.H. Sutherland’s: Approach & Criticism,
• White Collar Crimes: Its Causes.

Unit – II: Scope of White-Collar Crimes

• White-Collar Crimes: Violation of Laws pertaining to health and safety:

• White-Collar Crimes: Politics
• White-Collar Crimes: Scam and scandals.

Unit – III White-Collar Crimes in Professions

• Medical Profession: Meaning and Nature.

• Legal Profession: Meaning and Nature.
• Engineering Profession: Meaning and Nature.

Unit – IV: Corporate Crimes

• Corporate Crimes: Meaning, Nature and Types.

• Lokpal & Ombudsman Bill: Concept and Scope.
• CBI & Enforcement Agencies: Its Role.

Suggested Reading Books:

1. Marshall B. Clinard: Criminal Behavior System
2. E.H. Sutherland: White Collar Criminology
3. Donald Taft: Criminology
4. J.P.S. Sirohi: Criminology and Criminal Administration.
5. Mahesh Chandra: Socio-Economic Crimes.
6. N.V. Paranjape: Criminology and Criminal Administration.
7. Law Commission of India, 29th Report (1966)
8. Ram Ahuja: Criminology
9. K.S. Shukla: Sociology of Deviant Behaviour, in 3 ICSSR Survey of Sociology and
Social Anthropology 1969-1979 (1986).
 Mangalayatan University

Subject Code: ML-205

Subject : Dissertation and Viva-Voce

Dissertation will be written on some current topic of legal importance to be allotted by the Dean, ILSR. The
evaluation of the Dissertation will be made by an Examiner appointed by the Vice-chancellor on the
recommendation of the Dean and Viva-voce will be conducted by a Board of Examiner consisting of the Dean
and Supervisor.