Title of paper- Introduction to Forensic Science

Police organization under Introduction to Forensic Science Prof. Devasish Bose

Central Government, Part- 4

POLICE ORGANIZATION UNDER CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, PART- 4

Prof. Devasish Bose

Head
Department of Criminology and Forensic Science
Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.)
Check List

Modules FAQS LOR Objective Summary Quiz Assignments Reference Glossary links
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Module 1: Introduction
Module 2: National Investigative Agency
Module 3: Central Bureau of Investigation
Module 4: Bureau of Police Research & Development
Module 5: Research & analysis wings
Module 6: National Crime Record Bureau
Module 7: Conclusion

EXPERT: Prof. Devasish Bose, Professor & Head, Department of Criminology & Forensic
Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, (M.P.).
Assisted by: Mr. Rajendra Prasad Pawar, Ph.D. Scholar, UGC-SRF, Department of
Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, (M.P.).

Let’s start our discussion

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION

India in the recent years has proven to be as one of the strongest countries all around the
globe and the availability of different intelligence agencies or we may call them unarmed
police forces of India are considered as the primary cause for it. These intelligence agencies
are taking on a major role in supplying data and securing the land from a figure of factors
such as War, Terrorist activities and lots more. Every country has his own Intelligence
agencies which are securing country from terrorism and other factors. One can define
Intelligence Agencies as government owned agencies responsible for collecting information,
analyzing information in support of law, security and other objectives.

Intelligence agencies play a vital role for maintaining the internal as well as external
security of India. Some of the most functioning and powerful unarmed police force or we can
say intelligence agencies their constitution, objectives, organizational structure and
functioning is described here in the next module.

MODULE 2: NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY

National Investigation Agency (NIA) is a central agency established by the Indian

Government to combat terror in India. It acts as the Central Counter Terrorism Law
Enforcement Agency. The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across
states without special permission from the states. The Agency came into existence with the
enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act 2008 by the Parliament of India on 31
December 2008.

The National Investigation Agency aims to be a thoroughly professional investigative

agency matching the best international standards and to set the standards of excellence in
counter terrorism and other national security related investigations at the national level by
developing into a highly trained, partnership oriented workforce. NIA aims at creating
deterrence for existing and potential terrorist groups/individuals. It aims to develop as a
storehouse of all terrorist related information.

It is working for:-

 In-depth professional investigation of scheduled offences using the latest scientific

methods of investigation and setting up such standards as to ensure that all cases
entrusted to the NIA are detected.
 Ensuring effective and speedy trial.
 Developing into a thoroughly professional, result oriented organization, upholding the
constitution of India and Laws of the Land giving prime importance to the protection
of Human Rights and dignity of the individual.
  Developing a professional work force through regular training and exposure to the
best practices and procedures.
 Displaying scientific temper and progressive spirit while discharging the duties
assigned.
 Inducting modern methods and latest technology in every sphere of activities of the
agency.
 Assist all States and other investigating agencies in investigation of terrorist cases.
 Build and share a data base on all terrorist related information.
 Study and analyse laws relating to terrorism in other countries and regularly evaluate
the adequacy of existing laws in India and propose changes as and when necessary.
 To win the confidence of the citizens of India through selfless and fearless
endeavours.

MODULE 3: CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

During the period of World War II, a Special Police Establishment (SPE) was constituted in
1941 in the Department of War of the British India to enquire into allegations of bribery and
corruption in the war related procurements. Later on it was formalized as an agency of the
Government of India to investigate into allegations of corruption in various wings of the
Government of India by enacting the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946.
In 1963, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was established by the Government of
India with a view to investigate serious crimes related to Defense of India, corruption in high
places, serious fraud, cheating and embezzlement and social crime, particularly of hoarding,
black-marketing and profiteering in essential commodities, having all-India and inter-state
ramifications. CBI derives its legal powers to investigate crime from the DSPE Act, 1946.

Criminal cases which are handled by the CBI are:

1. Cases of corruption and fraud committed by public servants of all Central Govt.
Departments, Central Public Sector Undertakings and Central Financial Institutions.
2. Economic crimes, including bank frauds, financial frauds, Import Export & Foreign
Exchange violations, large-scale smuggling of narcotics, antiques, cultural property and
smuggling of other contraband items etc.
3. Special Crimes, such as cases of terrorism, bomb blasts, sensational homicides,
kidnapping for ransom and crimes committed by the mafia/the underworld.
Sections of CBI

i. Anti-Corruption Division
ii. Economic Offences Wing
iii. Special Crimes Division
iv. Directorate of Prosecution
v. Administration, Policy and Coordination Division
vi. Interpol
vii. Systems Division
viii. Central Forensic Science Laboratory

MODULE 4: BUREAU OF POLICE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

The Government of India on dated 28.08.1970 formally established the Bureau of Police
Research and Development (BPR&D), under the Ministry of Home Affairs giving a new
orientation to then existing Police Research and Advisory Council (1966) for the following
reasons and with the primary objective of modernization of police force:

 To take direct and active interest in the issues

 To promote a speedy and systematic study of the police problems,
 To apply science and technology in the methods and techniques used by police.

The Bureau was established with the following two divisions initially with a well laid out
charter of duties.

1. Research, Statistics and Publication.

2. Development.
3. Training is a vital and growing requirement to improve the competency of police
forces in the country. The government of India in accepting its recommendations
created a Training Division (1973) in addition to the two division’s already existing to
function under the Bureau.
4. The forensic science services uncompromising & Geese under the Development
Division grew over a period and a separate Directorate of Forensic Sciences under the
BPR&D came into existence in 1983.
5. Further in 1995 Government of India decided to entrust issues relating to Correctional
Administration Work to the BPR&D so that problems relating to prisons and
 implementation of deemed prison reforms can be taken up by the bureau in a cohesive
manner. This set up is operating out of the existing manpower resources.
6. During the year 2008, the Government of India further decided to create National
Police Mission under the administrative control of BPR&D to transform the police
forces in the country into effective instrument for maintenance of internal security and
facing the challenges in future, by equipping them with the necessary material,
intellectual and organizational resources.

MODULE 5: RESEARCH & ANALYSIS WINGS

The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW or RAW) is the primary foreign intelligence
agency of India. It was established in 1968 following the intelligence failures of the Sino-
Indian and Indo-Pakistani wars, which persuaded the Government of India to create a
specialised, independent agency dedicated to foreign intelligence gathering.

During the nine-year tenure of its first Director, Rameshwar Nath Kao, RAW quickly came to
prominence in the global intelligence community, playing a role in major events such as
the independence of Bangladesh and the accession of the state of Sikkim to India.

The agency's primary function is:

1. Gathering foreign intelligence

2. Engaging in counter-terrorism
3. Promoting counter-proliferation
4. Advising Indian policymakers
5. Advancing India's foreign strategic interests.

Objectives

The objectives of RAW includes:

 Monitoring the political, military, economic and scientific developments in countries

which have a direct bearing on India's national security and the formulation of its
foreign policy.
 Moulding international public opinion and influence foreign governments.
 Covert Operations to safe guard India's National interests.
 Anti-terror Operations and neutralizing terror elements posing a threat to India.
In the past, following the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and due to India's volatile relations with
Pakistan, RAW's objectives had also consisted the following:

 To watch the development of international communism and the schism between the
two big communist nations, the Soviet Union and China.
 To control and limit the supply of military hardware to Pakistan, from mostly
European countries, America and more importantly from China.

Functions of RAW

The primary mission of RAW includes aggressive intelligence collection via

espionage, psychological warfare, subversion, sabotage and assassinations.

RAW maintains active collaboration with other secret services in various countries. Its
contacts with FSB of Russia, NDS, the Afghan agency, the CIA and MI6 have been well-
known, a common interest being Pakistan's nuclear programme. RAW has been active in
obtaining information and operating through third countries like Afghanistan, the United
Kingdom, Hong Kong, Myanmar and Singapore.

RAW obtains information critical to Indian strategic interests both by overt and covert means.
The data is then classified and filed with the assistance of the computer networks.
International business houses, information technology sector and media centres can easily
absorb RAW operatives and provide freedom of movement.

MODULE 6: NATIONAL CRIME RECORD BUREAU

Priorities of the Police have changed to maintenance of law and order, check of Militant and
Organised Criminal Gangs, maintenance of VIP Security and Handle Dharna and Rallies by
Trade Union and Political Party. Rate of Crime have increased and activities of Criminal has
widened due to use of better communication system and transport. There is neither staff nor
time for maintenance of Crime Records manually. Harnessing and exchange of Information
on criminal operating in neighbouring Police Stations, Districts and State has become next
to impossible. The need was felt to do away this manual maintenance of records and manual
sharing of information on the Crime & Criminal of Inter-District and Inter-State nature. The
computerization and computer network of Crime Criminal records and the Police Computer
Network was considered only viable alternative.
Crime records play a vital role in the scheme of police working for prevention and detection
of crime. The Indian Police, over the years, have sought to improve the efficiency of the
crime records systems to discharge their responsibilities with greater efficiency and
effectiveness. Though, police is a State subject under the Indian constitution, the Central
Government through the Ministry of Home Affairs has been assisting and aiding the States
in the modernization of the State Police Forces with the financial aid and through the
constitution of Study Groups, Committees and formation of central organizations to help
States fight the menace of crime more effectively.

Accepting the recommendations of the National Police Commission - 1977, the Ministry of
Home Affairs constituted a Task Force in 1985 to work out the modalities for setting up of
the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). The Government accepted the
recommendations of the Task Force and constituted the NCRB with headquarters at New
Delhi in January, 1986.

As per the government Resolution dated 11.3.1986 the following objectives were
set for the NCRB:

i. To function as a clearing house of information on crime and criminals including

those operating at National and International levels so as to assists the investigators,
and others in linking crimes to their perpetrators.
ii. To store, coordinate and disseminate information on inter-state and international
criminals from and to respective States, national investigating agencies, courts and
prosecutors in India without having to refer to the Police Station records.
iii. To collect and process crime statistics at the National level.
iv. To receive from and supply data to penal and correctional agencies for their tasks of
rehabilitation of criminals, their remand, parole, premature release etc.
v. To coordinate, guide and assist the functioning of the State Crime Records Bureaux
vi. To provide training facilities to personnel of the Crime Records bureaux, and
vii. To evaluate, develop and modernise crime Records Bureaux
viii. Executive and develop computer based systems for the Central Police Organisations
- and also cater to their data processing and training needs for computerization.
ix. To function as the National storehouse of fingerprint records of convicted persons
including FP records of foreign criminals.
x. To help trace interstate criminals by fingerprint search.
 xi. To advise Central and State Governments on matters related to fingerprints and
footprints, and to conduct training courses for finger print experts.

Currently, The NCRB functions through:

 Crime Records Branch

 Central Finger Print Bureau
 Statistical Branch
 Training Branch
 Data Centre and Technical Branch

MODULE 7: CONCLUSION

From the ancient time, tribes, empires and countries have accumulated info about other
groups in order to reach more informed decisions when handling with them. This data is
called intelligence and its collection may well be the second oldest profession in the globe.
As from the beginning, modern nations believe that the collection, analytic thinking and
utilization of full intelligence will enhance their security in a revolutionary world.

19th century intelligence was mostly minimal and focused on potential enemies, but by the
start of the 20th century, most global powers had both military and civilian intelligence
agencies operating in times of serenity as well as warfare.

When the intelligence process works well, when decision makers ask penetrating questions,
when collectors are creative and successful, when analyst paint accurate pictures and when
political pressures on intelligence agencies are at a minimum grade. When these conditions
exist, intelligence can and has constituted a valuable contribution to the national security in
every land. When the procedure does not mold well, national security may be diminished and
the foreign reactions intelligence activities generate may complicate diplomacy and increase
international tensions.

LOR

1. Why do a nation need a strong intelligence network?

Ans.: Every country need a strong intelligence network for its internal security and
external affairs. It is because in the modern era, there are lots of challenges faced by the
developed, under developed and undeveloped nations. The major challenges are
Terrorism, Corruption, Economic fraud, monitoring the political, military, economic and
scientific developments in countries which have a direct bearing on India's national
security and the formulation of its foreign policy.

2. Discuss the primary functions of the RAW.

Ans.: The primary function of RAW are-

o Gathering foreign intelligence

o Engaging in counter-terrorism
o Promoting counter-proliferation
o Advising Indian policymakers
o Advancing India's foreign strategic interests.

3. Write some of the important sections of CBI.

Ans.: The sections of the CBI are following-

 Anti-Corruption Division
 Economic Offences Wing
 Special Crimes Division
 Directorate of Prosecution
 Administration, Policy and Coordination Division
 Interpol and Systems Division
 Central Forensic Science Laboratory

4. Explain the goal of NIA?

Ans.: The National Investigation Agency aims to be a thoroughly professional

investigative agency matching the best international standards and to set the standards of
excellence in counter terrorism and other national security related investigations at the
national level by developing into a highly trained, partnership oriented workforce. NIA
aims at creating deterrence for existing and potential terrorist groups/individuals. It aims
to develop as a storehouse of all terrorist related information.

5. How the RAW is different from NCRB?

Ans.: RAW monitors the political, military, economic and scientific developments in
countries which have a direct bearing on India's national security and the formulation of
its foreign policy also. It helps covert operations to safe guard India's National interests
such as Anti – Terrorist activities and neutralizing terror elements posing a threat to India.

In another hand, the NCRB or National Crime Record Bureau is a national

organization which gathers all the crime related information from every part of the
country and published it report after the statistical calculations. It also share the
information required by the other agency to solve or prevent the crime.

FAQS

1. Write down the name of some Indian Intelligence Agencies.

Ans.: Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), Central Bureau of Intelligence (CBI),
National Intelligence Agency (NIA) etc. are some of the agencies working for the
intelligence of country, nationally and across the countries of the globe. Some agencies
have been involved in assassination, arms trafficking and the placement of
misinformation (propaganda) as well as other covert operations, in order to support their
own or their governments' interests.

2. Which type of cases are investigated by CBI?

Ans.: The cases which CBI generally dealt with are Corruption, Fraud, terrorism, bomb
blasts, sensational homicides, kidnapping for ransom and crimes committed by the mafia/
underworld are investigated by the Central Bureau of Investigation i.e. CBI.

3. Write the name of divisions of the BPR&D.

Ans.: The Bureau of Police Research & Development is basically divided into Research
division, correctional division, training, development division and administration
divisions. Each division has its specified work without any interference of other division.

4. When and why the RAW established?

Ans.: The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW or RAW) is the primary foreign
intelligence agency of India was established in 1968 following the intelligence failures of
the Sino-Indian and Indo-Pakistani wars, which persuaded the Government of India to
create a specialized, independent agency dedicated to foreign intelligence gathering.
Previously, both domestic and foreign intelligence had been the purview of the
Intelligence Bureau.

5. What was the purpose of establishment of NCRB?

Ans.: National Crime Record Bureau is one platform for national criminal records. The
main aim to established NCRB was to maintain the records of crime and their statistics.
Also to share and exchange the information about the criminal records nationally by
means of digital or cyber space.

6. How the intelligence agencies serves for their national governments?

Ans.: Intelligence agencies can provide the following services to their govt.:

 Provision of analysis in areas relevant to national security;

 Give early warning of impending crises;
 Serve national and international crisis management by helping to discern the
intentions of current or potential opponents;
 Inform national defence planning and military operations;
 Protect sensitive information secrets, both of their own sources and activities, and
those of other state agencies;
 May act covertly to influence the outcome of events in favour of national interests,
or influence international security; and
 Defence against the efforts of other national intelligence agencies (counter-
intelligence).

7. What is the difference between FBI and CBI?

Ans.: FBI stands for Federal bureau of investigation while CBI for Central bureau of
investigation the name itself tells about the difference between the working of both the
bodies. Both organizations are premier investigative agencies. The FBI can investigate
crime committed at any place all over US and has the original jurisdiction hence need not
take any permission from any state government while CBI depends on the permission of
the state government or may need nod of high court, Supreme Court or central government
subject to permission to be given by the respective State Governments.
 8. Write in brief about NIA.

Ans.: Recently constituted organization in 2008 after Mumbai attacks. After Mumbai and
several other similar attacks it was felt the need for setting up of an Agency at the Central
level for investigation of offences related to terrorism and certain other Acts, which have
national ramifications, covering offences, including challenge to the country's sovereignty
and integrity.

OBJECTIVE

After reading this lecture note the students will be able:

 To get the basic idea about the unarmed forces or intelligence services of India.
 To understand the constitution of these forces.
 To know the objective of Central unarmed forces.
 To get information about their basic functions.
 To understand the role of unarmed forces.

SUMMARY

India has a number of Intelligence agencies of which the best known are the Research and
Analysis Wing, India’s external intelligence agency and the Intelligence Bureau, the domestic
intelligence agency. These all works independently or in collaboration with each other. Every
agencies have their own designated specified works. All the informations gathered, analyzed
and processed for the operations are confidential at every level except NCRB. NCRB
recorded all the informations from all part of the Indian subcontinent and published the report
annually on its web portal. This information is very helpful for the analyst to know and
understand the statistics of the crime of the country. Likewise the BPR&D is working
continuously for the betterment of the police system and its functioning as per the need of
time or modernization of the globe. Its different divisions are dedicated for the up liftment of
the policing. The working of the other intelligence agencies such as CBI, CID etc. will be
smooth if external factors like political pressures will not affect the officers of the team.

QUIZ
1. Which one is the most powerful intelligence agency of India?
a. RAW
b. CID
 c. CBI
d. NCRB
Ans.: a

2. Full form of NCRB is?

a. National Criminal Records Bureau
b. National Crime Record Bureau
c. National Commission of Research Board
d. a and b both
Ans.: b

3. Which is not true in the options given below:

a. CBI 1963
b. RAW 1968
c. BPRD 1970
d. NCRB 1978
Ans.: d

4. Cases of corruption and fraud committed by public servants are handled by-
a. CBI
b. RAW
c. NIA
d. All of the above
Ans.: a

5. The term NIA stands for:

a. National Intelligence Agency
b. National Investigative Agency
c. National Investigation Agency
d. National Investigation Agency of America
Ans.: c

6. BPR&D governs by-

a. Ministry of home affairs
b. Ministry of defence
c. Ministry of intelligence
d. Ministry of foreign affairs
Ans.: a

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Explore, how the NCRB and CBI came into existence?

2. Collect the information about basic functioning of BPR&D.
3. Write down the role of NIA and RAW in national security.
 4. Write down the need of unarmed forces.
5. Discuss the functioning of various divisions of BPR&D.

REFERENCE

GLOSSARY

 Surveillance: Surveillance is the observation or watch of behavior, or other changing

information for the purpose of influencing, managing, leading, or safety of people or
property.
 Intelligence agency: it is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis,
and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military,
and foreign policy related matters.
 CIA: Central Investigation Agency is an intelligence agency of the United States Federal
Government.
 Central Forensic Science Laboratory: a laboratory accounted for the Examination of
evidences and infer opinion for legal matters. These laboratories are governed by Indian
Ministry of Home Affairs.
 Terrorism: A term employed for intentionally indiscriminate violence to create terror or
fear, in parliamentary procedure to achieve a political, religious or ideological purpose.
 Economic crime: Crime related to the finance which includes Fraud, theft, robbery, tax
invasion etc.
 Corruption: Dishonest or illegal behavior by a designated persons by means of money or
other valuable means.
 Ammunition: Any objects that can be propel, scattered or shot from a weapon.
 Riot: threat of violence, disorder, or terror to the public which involves three or more
persons for commitment.

LINKS

 http://upscguide.com/content/central-bureau-investigation-quick-notes
 http://www.nia.gov.in/about-us.htm
 https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/raw-indias-external-intelligence-agency
 http://ncrb.gov.in/
 http://bprd.nic.in/
 http://bprd.nic.in/content/11_1_EvolutionofBPRD.aspx
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_agency
 http://bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/CMS/Division%20and%20Responsibilities.pdf
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing
 https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-CBI-and-FBI