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Objective:
1) To become familiar with the D.C separately excited generator and to
obtain its O.C.C at different constant speed.
2) Examine the residual flux in machine.
3) Finding the relationship between field current and speed.
4) Finding the relationship between speed ( n ) & ( Eg ).
Experiment Tools :
Generator
Motor
Taco_Generator
Digital_Taco_generator
Three Voltmeter
Two Ammeter
Control unit
Two DC power supply
Wires
Connection Diagram:
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Experiment Procedures:
1. Connecting the circuit as shown in figure and as following steps:
a. Connecting F1 with A1 & F2 with A2.
b. Connect from DC power supply to ammeter to make sure the
current don’t reach the rated current of machine (Irat=0.63 A )
and from ammeter to F1 or A1 of rotor and the other pole of
dc power supply to F2 or A2 of rotor and connect voltmeter
across the two terminal of the rotor to make sure the voltage
don’t reach the rated voltage ( Vrate = 220v ) and connecting
the rotor to Taco_generator
c. Connecting Taco_Generator to Control unit or to voltmeter to
know the speed of the rotor where 1v=1000 r.p.m and
connecting from Taco_generator to Generator
d. Connecting the DC power supply to ammeter and from
ammeter to F1 of the field circuit of the generator and from
other pole of DC power supply to F2.
e. Connecting A1 to voltmeter and from voltmeter to A2
because we don’t have load in this experiment
2. Turn on DC power supply of the rotor at two speed:
2.1) At speed n = 2000 r.p.m:
• Starting when If = 0 the voltmeter of armature.G will read
value ….why
• By increasing the value of field current and making sure
the speed remain constant because at every current field
speed will change… why ? in this case the voltmeter of
armature.G ( Eg) will increase in two :
➢ In the first five or six values of current field or
from ( 0 to 0.05 ) Eg will increasing very fast or in
wide range ….why?
➢ In last values of current field Eg will incrase more
slowly ……why
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• After increasing field current to rated we will decreasing
the the values of it step by step until we reach zero and we
will notice the values of induced voltage in armature in
this will be higher than the values in previous step at the
same current values …..why ?
2.2) At speed n = 1400 r.p.m:
• Repeat all previous steps in step 2.1) in two case when
we increasing the values of current field from zero to
rated and decreasing it from rated to zero
We will notice the values in step (2.1) will be higher than
the values in step (2.2) …..why
3. Changing the positive and negative poles of generator field circuit
the digital voltmeter will read the values in minus …..why?
Another Experiment Procedures that in lab sheet:
1-The motor-generator set is arranged and connected as shown in the figure .
2-The generator is run up to a chosen speed by means of the motor .
3-The speed is kept constant for all the readings.
4-The field current of the generator is varied by varing its supply voltage from 0
to 220 V
5-A series of readings between If and Eg is taken first as If is increased from 0
to its rated value and second as it decrease again to zero
6-Repeat the above 5 steps for another different constant speed.
7-Plot the relation between If and Eg .
8-The ranges of the ammeter and voltmeter used is determined from
the name-plate ratings of the generator .
9-Observe how is the polarity of the induced generator voltage varied.
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Result & Measured values:
n = 2000 r.p.m
Increasing If Decreasing If
If [A] Eg [V] If [A] Eg [V]
0 6.5 0 5
0.01 47.5 0.01 59
0.02 91.5 0.02 100
0.03 130 0.03 136
0.04 157 0.04 161
0.05 177 0.05 179
0.06 187 0.06 190
0.07 194 0.07 198
0.08 204 0.08 204
0.09 208
n = 1400 r.p.m
Increasing If Decreasing If
If [A] Eg [V] If [A] Eg [V]
0 2.6 0 3.57
0.01 39 0.01 41
0.02 63 0.02 68
0.03 90 0.03 95
0.04 110 0.04 113
0.05 124 0.05 129
0.06 132 0.06 133
0.07 137 0.07 139
0.08 141 0.08 142
0.09 145
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Conclusion:
1. When the field current is zero there was induced voltage in
armature because the residual flux in machine because it is
magnetic material .
2. When we increasing field current the speed of the rotor is slow
down because the main flux from field circuit will effect in
rotor or try to gravitate the rotor so the speed of the rotor will
decrease.
3. In the first five or six values of increasing field current the
increasing of induced voltage of armature will be large because
the relationship between If and Eg will be linear in case of NO-
Load voltage in beginning values of If as well as B-H Curve.
4. In the last values of increasing If the increasing in Eg will be
small because Eg in this case enter knee region and near to be
in saturation region so the relationship between If and Eg in
this case won’t be linear.
5. When we decrease the values of If the induced voltage Eg will
decrease but it will be large than the previous values at same
values of field current because the material of armature was
magnetic or have magnetic flux in it ( larger than residual flux
in starting ) in additional to the main flux so the curve will be
higher the previous curve.
6. When we decrease the speed to ( 1400 r.p.m ) the values of Eg
will be smaller than its values at ( n = 2000 r.p.m ) because the
induced armature voltage Eg from the law is Eg = Køn so the
relationship between the speed and Eg is always directly
proportional so if speed n = ( ∞ ) at infinity armature induced
voltage E = ( ∞ ) will be at infinity.
7. In both case when n = 2000 r.p.m & n = 1400 r.p.m the
saturation region will occur in the same value of current field (
If1 = If2) because saturation depend on flux that come from
current so saturation doesn’t depend on speed.
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8. When we change the poles of field of generator the digital
voltmeter read values in minus because the sign of brush is
opposite so if we want to change the polarity of Eg we can by
changing between F1 & F2 on generator or reverse the motion
of the rotor but if we change both of them the polarity of Eg
don’t change.
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Discussion :
1) What happens to the e.m.f induced in the generator as the field
current is increased ? And what happens while decreasing the
field current ?
❖ When the field current increased the value of Eg will
increase faster at the beginning values because it will be in
linear region after it will enter the knee region so the
increasing will slow at last values the increasing will be
more slowly because it will be near to saturation region .
❖ When the field current decreased the value of induced
voltage Eg will decrease but it will be large than the
previous values compared with the same values of current
because the material of armature was magnetic or have
magnetic flux in it (larger than residual flux in starting ) in
additional to the main flux so the curve will be higher the
previous curve.
2) What happens to the e.m.f while increasing and decreasing the
speed ? And what relation exists between the e.m.f induced at
constant field current and variable speed ?
The relationship between the speed and Eg is always directly
proportional because the induced armature voltage Eg from the
law is Eg = Køn so e.m.f will increasing when speed increased and
decreasing when speed decreased so if speed at infinity Eg will be
infinity .
At variable speed the saturation will occur in the same value of
current field because saturation depend on flux that come from
current and doesn’t depend on speed.
The relation between induced voltage e.m.f and speed at constant
field current is linear
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3) How can you vary the polarity of the generator induced voltage ?
By changing the poles of field of generator mean ( changing
between F1 & F2 on generator) or by reverse the motion of the
rotor means ( changing between F1 & F2 on generator or A1 &
A2 ) but if we change both of them the polarity will be the same
4) Comment on the shape of the curves you have plotted .
The plot between field current and induced armature voltage
when we decreased If is upper than when we increasing it because
first we increase if and then we decrease it so the flux at decrease
will be more.
If we plot at one page the curve at speed n=2000 r.p.m will be
upper than at n=14000 r.p.m
There are residual flux cause voltage when field current is zero.
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5) Take the name-plate data of the used generator and explain each
figure means .
1) LEYBOLD -DIDACTIC GMBH : name of German campony it is
leading global manufacturer of high quality science.
2) Typ 731 21 : number or model of machine
3) - MOTOR : DC machine
4) Nr. 200 26 957 : serial number of this machine
5) 220 v : the rated field voltage
6) 0.63 A : the rated armature current
7) 0.1 KW : the rating power of machine
8) S 1 : simple the country that machine made in
9) COS¥ : the power factor of machine
10) 2000 min : the rated speed of machine r.p.m
11) -- Hz : the frequency
12) ERR. 220 V : the rated field voltage
13) 0.08 A : the rated field current
14) I.K.L B :
15) IP 23 : IP Rating (Ingress protection ) a two-digit number
established by the international electro-technical commission
16) VDE 0530 : German technical association
