Introduction to C++
Julian Thijssen
Computer Graphics and Visualization
TU Delft
1
Common Programming Languages
• C
• C++
• C#
• Java
• Python
• JavaScript
• Perl
• Ruby
• Rust
2
C++ Use In Graphics
3
What is a computer program?
• Source code – Human-readable code defining a program
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What is a computer program?
• Source code – Human-readable code defining a program
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What is a computer program?
• Machine code – Language understood by the computer
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What is a computer program?
Source code Machine code
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Programming is data manipulation
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Programming is data manipulation
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Primitive Data Types
• Integer (Whole numbers)
• Floating point (Fractional numbers)
• Character (Letters, Digits, Symbols)
• String (String of Characters)
• Boolean (True or False)
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Example Primitive Data Types
• Integer (5, 8, 294, -7594) New-line
• Float (5.344, 9.2, -84.0)
• Character (‘e’, ‘K’, ‘6’, ‘$’, ‘\n’)
• String (“Pie”, “50% Off”, “Learn C++”)
• Boolean (True, False)
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Data Types in C++
• int – Integer
• float – Floating point
• char – Character
• std::string – String
• bool - Boolean
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Storing data in memory
Data can be stored in memory for later use
Now how do we get it back when we need it??
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Variables
• Has a name
• Represents some location in memory
Put data in memory Label the memory location
Retrieve data from labelled location
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Variables
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A Basic C++ Application
Return success
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A Basic C++ Application
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A Basic C++ Application
Type Identifier Value
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A Basic C++ Application
Assignment End of
Operator Statement
Type Identifier Value
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Statements
• Instruction to perform some action
• Ends in a semicolon
Operators
Assignment Operators:
• Assignment (=)
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A Basic C++ Application
Assignment End of
Operator Statement
Type Identifier Value
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Output
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Output Include output functionality
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Streams
• Stream – Sequence of data flowing in
and out of the program
• Cout – Standard output stream
• Cin – Standard input stream
• Stream insertion operator (<<)
Stream extraction operator (>>)
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Output Include output functionality
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Operators
Arithmetic Operators:
• Addition (+)
• Subtraction (-)
• Multiplication (*)
• Division (/)
• Modulo (%)
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Output
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Exercise 1
Write a program that:
1. Outputs the number 10
2. Outputs the first 4 digits of PI (3.141)
3. Calculates the result of 312 * 40
4. Calculates the result of 100 + 40 * (61 / 9) + 7
5. Stores the previous result and calculates and displays
the result multiplied by 100.
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Declaration and Initialization
• Declaration – Declaring the type of the variable
• Initialization – Setting of initial value
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Input
Stream extraction operator
Stream insertion operator
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Conditions
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Conditions
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Conditions
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Conditions
Condition
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Conditions
Condition
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Operators
Relational Operators:
• Equal to (==)
• Not equal to (!=)
• Less than (<)
• Greater than (>)
• Less than or equal to (<=)
• Greater than or equal to (>=)
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Conditions
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Scope and Block Structure
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Scope and Block Structure
• Global Variables – Variables defined outside all blocks
• Local Variables - Variables defined within a block
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Exercise 2
Write a program that:
1. Allows the user to type a number and displays it
2. Allows the user to type a number, and displays whether
this number is positive or negative.
3. Allows the user to type a number, and displays whether
this number is greater than or equal to -10.
4. Allows the user to type a number, and displays “In
Range” when the number is bigger than 10 and smaller
than 20, otherwise “Out Of Range”.
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Loops
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While Loops
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For Loops
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For Loops
Increment operator
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Exercise 3
Write a program that:
1. Displays the first 10 natural numbers
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
2. Finds the sum of these numbers
3. Displays the cube of a user-inputted
number. (e.g. 5^3 = 125)
4. Displays the factorial of a user-inputted
number. (e.g. 5 factorial = 120)
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