6
Science
Quarter 3 – Week 6 – 7
Module 3: Characteristics and
Uses of Simple Machines
Target
Machines have been used since ancient times. People have been challenged
ever since to develop these machines to make everyday tasks easier. These
machines will help people work with ease and comfort.
After going through this module, you are expected to develop the most
essential competency which is to:
Manipulate simple machines to describe their characteristics and uses
(S6FE-IIIg-i-3).
Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the characteristics of simple machines.
2. Identify the different uses of simple machines.
Jumpstart
A. Directions: Look at the following pictures. Identify what simple machine is
being illustrated (lever, inclined plane, pulley, screw, wedge, wheel and
axle). Write your answer on the blank.
1.
2.
=
3. =
4.
5.
Discover
Machines are used to transform, transfer energy, multiply speed or force,
and change the direction of force.
Simple machines do work in one movement or a one-type-of-work easing
device. Simple machines are simple tools that multiply the amount of force to make
it work easier.
There are 6 kinds of simple machines: lever, inclined plane, pulley, screw,
wedge and wheel and axle.
A. Lever is a straight or curved rigid bar that is free to turn about a
fix point. All levers have three locations of interest:
1. The fulcrum or fixed point
2. The point of effort or where the work is done
3. The load which is being move
Classes of Levers:
1. Class 1 lever – the fulcrum is located between effort and load.
effort
fulcrum
load
Examples: scissors, crowbar, pliers, seesaw
2. Class 2 lever – the load is between the effort and fulcrum.
effort
load
fulcrum
Examples: wheelbarrow, bottle opener
3. Class 3 lever – the effort is between the load and the fulcrum.
effort
load
Fulcrum
Example: spoon, tong, tweezer, mop, paddle
B. Inclined Plane is a plane titled at an angle with one end higher that
the other. It makes moving things to a higher place a lot easier.
Examples: ramp, ladder
C. Pulley is a grooved wheel that turns around an axle which is held in
a place by mounting bracket.
D. Screw is usually a spiral inclined plane. It is composed of a
cylindrical body with a spiral ridge called thread.
E. Wedge is an inclined plane or two inclined planes that meet each other
to form a sharp edge. Wedges usually good for cutting and piercing.
Examples: knives, axes, pins, nails
F. Wheel and axle is a machine that has a small disk or shaft called
axle that is attached to the wheel.
Examples: doorknob, vehicle wheels, meat grinder, pencil sharpener.
Explore
A. Directions: Match items in column A with the kind of machine in column B.
Column A Column B
1. ramp, slope A. wedge
2. ax, blade B. pulley
3. wheelbarrow, bottle opener C. lever
4. bicycle gears, doorknobs D. inclined plane
5. flagpole E. wheel and axle
Gauge
Directions: Read the following carefully. Write the letter of the best answer on the
blank.
1. Which of the following is an example of a lever?
A. cutter B. doorknob C. pen D. pliers
2. Which of the following simple machine is a straight or curved rigid
to turn about a fixed point?
A. inclined plane B. levers C. pulley D. screw
3. What does the illustration show?
A. inclined plane B. levers C. pulley D. screw
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a wedge?
A. Wedge have wheel and axle.
B. Wedge have spiral inclined plane.
C. Wedge is usually good for cutting and piercing.
D. Wedge are plane tilted at an angle with one and higher than the
other.
5. Why are pliers considered class 2 lever?
A. Because the effort and resistance move in opposite direction.
B. Because the effort and load are moving in the same direction.
C. Because the effort and resistance move in the same direction.
D. Because the effort and resistance move in backward direction.
6. Yvonne wants to move the pail of sand in the second floor of
their house. What simple machine will she used?
A. pulley B. screw C. wedge d. wheel and axle
7. It is a simple machine that has a rope/ wire along the wheel’s
circumference.
A. pulley B. screw C. wedge d. lever
8. Norma wants to hang a picture frame on the wall, what will she
used to hand the picture on the wall?
A. screw B. pulley C. wedge D. wheel and axle
9. Nails and pins are considered wedge. Why?
A. Nails and pins have threads.
B. Nails and pins have wheel and axle.
C. Nails and pins have sharp edge and sharp points.
D. Nails and pin have grooved wheel that turns around the axle.
10. It is a simple machine that has a small disk or shaft attached to
the wheel.
A. screw B. pulley C. wedge D. wheel and axle
Answer Key
References:
Padpad, Jocelyn C., The New Science Links Worktext in Science and Technology,
Rex Bookstore Inc., Manila, Philippines.
Sarte, Evelyn T.,et.al.,Science Beyond Boarders Textbook 6., Vibal Group
Inc.,Araneta Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines.
http://clipart-library.com/free/black-and-white-scissors-clipart.html
http://clipart-library.com/free/screw-clipart-black-and-white.html
https://www.123rf.com/clipart- vector/pulley.html?
alttext=1&start=110&sti=o2kuh5eo5z6jsf3ydl|
http://clipart-library.com/free/black-and-white-bike-images.html
https://www.canstockphoto.com/illustration/pliers.html
http://clipart-library.com/tongs-cliparts.html
https://www.123rf.com/photo_108897118_stock-vector-bottle-opener-thin-line-
icon-beer-opener-vector-illustration-isolated-on-white-kitchenware-outline-s.html
https://webstockreview.net/explore/clipart-hammer-black-and-white/
https://clipartstation.com/mop-clipart-black-and-white/
https://www.pngitem.com/middle/hiiiJbT_bottle-opener-clipart-black-and-white-
hd-png/
http://clipart-library.com/tweezers-cliparts.html
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/crowbar-icon-in-black-style-isolated-on-
white-background-crime-symbol-stock-vector-gm694040566-128260471
