Johan Ericka W.P, M.

Kom

Computer
Network |
Network
Layer
Topics OSI Layer 3

Routing IP Address

Public IP vs
DHCP
Private IP

Network &
Gateway
Sub-Network
DHCP Lease
Time

Subnet-Mask

VLSM CIDR
Network Layer
• The network layer provides the functional and procedural means of
transferring packets from one node to another connected in
"different networks“ ➔ Routing
• Decide which physical path the data will take ➔ Routing Protocols
• Every node has an address ➔ IP Address
IP Address
• is a numerical label assigned
to each device connected to
a computer network
• Internet Protocol version 4
(IPv4) defines an IP address
as a 32-bit number
• Internet Protocol version 6
(IPv6) defines an IP address
as a 128-bit number
Public IP
• Managed by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
• Regional Internet Registries
• National Internet Registries
• Access directly on internet
Private IP
• Managed by Local Network Administration
• Cannot access directly from public network
• Using Routing / NAT technologies
Internet Service Providers
• Companies provide access to public network (internet) from local
network
Router

• A router is a networking device that

forwards data packets between
computer networks.
• Find the shortest path to destination
➔ routing protocols
Routing Protocols
• Static Routing
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
• Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
• Network Address Translations (NAT) Next
Chapter
Network,
Sub-Net,
Super-Net
IPv4 Address Classes
 IPv4 Addressing

Decimal
192
Binary

Most
11000000 Least
Significant
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Significant
bit
bit
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
 IPv4 Addressing

Decimal
168
Binary

Most
10101000 Least
Significant
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Significant
bit
bit
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
+ +
IPv4 Network vs Host
Sub Network
• A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network.
• Minimize broadcast packet (avoiding broadcast-storm)
• uses a portion of the Host ID field to identify individual subnets.
• A subnet mask is used to identify the part of the address that should
be used as the Subnet ID
Sub Network
Sub Network
• A subnet can be delegated to a
suborganization, which itself
may apply the subnetting
process to create additional
subnets
• Subnetting performed by a
delegated organization is hidden
from other organizations.
Subnet Mask • A subnet mask defines which
chunk of an IP address is the
host ID and which portion is
the subnet network ID.
• A subnet mask works like a
filter with the mask identifying
the IP address bits that
represent the network ID with
a 1, and the bits that
represent the host ID with a 0.
• The more host bits you have,
the more devices that can
connect to your subnet at the
expense of the total number
of sub networks you can set
up, and visa-versa.
Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)
• VLSM is a subnet design
strategy that allows all
subnet masks to have
variable sizes.
• In VLSM subnetting,
network administrators
can divide an IP address
space into subnets of
different sizes, and
allocate it according to
the individual need on a
network.
 Subnet Mask

Class Dotted-Decimal 1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet Host
Class A 255.0.0.0 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 16.777.216
Class B 255.255.0.0 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 65.536
Class C 255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 254

1 = Network
0 = Host
Classless Inter-Domain
Routing (CIDR)
• is a method for allocating IP
addresses and for IP routing.
• Its goal was to slow the
growth of routing tables on

sub-network
routers across the Internet,
and to help slow the rapid
exhaustion of IPv4
addresses.

network
Gateway
• A default gateway is the node in a computer network using the
internet protocol suite that serves as the forwarding host (router) to
other networks
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• A DHCP Server is a
network server that
automatically provides
and assigns IP
addresses, default
gateways and other
network parameters
to client devices.
DHCP Lease Time
• DHCP Lease Time is
the amount of time in
minutes or seconds a
network device can
use an IP Address in a
network.
• A DHCP client
automatically
attempts to renew its
lease as soon as 50
percent of the lease
duration has expired.
IP Address | Subnet Mask | Network | Broadcast
IP Address Alamat dari sebuah perangkat yang terhubung
ke jaringan
Subnet Mask Besar jaringan komputer (dapat menampung
berapa perangkat)
Network IP Address dimulainya sebuah jaringan
komputer (umumnya digunakan untuk gateway)

Broadcast IP Address untuk mengirimkan paket data

broadcast
Contoh Soal - 1
• Diketahui sebuah subnet dengan alamat 192.168.1.0/27
• Ditanya :
• Jumlah subnet
• Blok / ukuran network (subnet)
• Jumlah host / network (subnet)
• IP network (subnet)
• IP host valid (awal s/d akhir)
• IP broadcast (subnet)
Jawab Soal - 1
• 192.168.1.0/27 = Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Sub Network
192.168.1.0
Jumlah subnet = 2x = 23 = 8 192.168.1.32
Blok / ukuran subnet = 256 – 224 = 32 192.168.1.64
192.168.1.96
Keterangan : 192.168.1.128
X = banyaknya 1 pada okter terakhir subnet mask 192.168.1.160
256 = nilai maksimal oktet terahir
192.168.1.192
224 = nilai subnet mask oktet terakhir
192.168.1.224
Jawab Soal - 1
• IP Address 192.168.1.0/27

Sub Network
2y 25
Jumlah host / subnet = -2 = -2 = 32 – 2 = 30 host
192.168.1.0
IP network (subnet) = IP Pertama blok sub network 192.168.1.32
IP Host = IP pertama sub network + 1 s/d IP broadcast -1 192.168.1.64
IP broadcast (subnet) = IP subnet berikutnya - 1 192.168.1.96
Keterangan : 192.168.1.128
y = banyaknya 0 pada okter terakhir subnet mask
192.168.1.160
Host = perangkat yang terhubung ke jaringan komputer
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.224
Jawab Soal - 1
• IP Address 192.168.1.0/27

Sub Network
2y 25
Jumlah host / subnet = -2 = -2 = 32 – 2 = 30 host
192.168.1.0
IP network (subnet) = 0, 32, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, 224 192.168.1.32
IP Host = 1 s/d 30, 33 s/d 62, 65 s/d 94, 97 s/d 126 ... dst 192.168.1.64
IP broadcast (subnet) = 31, 63, 95, 127, 159, 191, 221, 253 192.168.1.96
Keterangan : 192.168.1.128
y = banyaknya 0 pada okter terakhir subnet mask
192.168.1.160
Host = perangkat yang terhubung ke jaringan komputer
192.168.1.192
192.168.1.224
 Jawab Soal - 1
• Diketahui sebuah subnet dengan alamat 192.168.1.0/27
• Ditanya :
• IP network (subnet)
• IP host valid (awal s/d akhir)
• IP broadcast (subnet)
Subnet-1 Subnet-2 Subnet-3 Subnet-4 Subnet-5 Subnet-6 Subnet-7 Subnet-8
IP Network 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.224

IP Host valid 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.33 192.168.1.65 192.168.1.97 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.161 192.168.1.193 192.168.1.225
s/d s/d s/d s/d s/d s/d s/d s/d
192.168.1.30 192.168.1.62 192.168.1.94 192.168.1.126 192.168.1.158 192.168.1.190 192.168.1.222 192.168.1.255
IP Broadcast 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.33 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.223 192.168.1.256
Contoh Soal – 2
• Diketahui sebuah perusahaan memiliki 31 perangkat komputer yang
tersebar di beberapa bagian sebagai berikut :
• Keuangan = 10 komputer
• Marketing = 12 komputer
• Manajemen = 9
• Masing – masing bagian harus terpisah pada sub-network masing – masing
• Tugas anda adalah menghitung berapa
• IP (sub) Network
• IP host valid
• IP Broadcast
• Pada masing – masing (sub)network
• Keterangan : Gunakan IP Kelas C
Jawab Soal – 2
• IP kelas C = 192.168.1.xxx
• Jumlah host terbanyak = 12 host = /28 (max. 14 host)
• Subnet Mask /28 = 240 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
• Blok / ukuran subnet = 256 – 240 = 16
• IP Network = 0, 16, 32, 48, 64 ... Dst
Subnet Keuangan Subnet Marketing Subnet Management
IP Network 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.16 192.168.1.32
IP host valid 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.17 192.168.1.33
s/d s/d s/d
192.168.1.14 192.168.1.30 192.168.1.46
IP Broadcast 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.47
Jawab Soal – 2

• Buktikan dengan menggunakan packet tracer bahwa tidak ada

komunikasi data antar sub-network
Recap OSI Layer 3

Routing IP Address

Public IP vs
DHCP
Private IP

Network &
Gateway
Sub-Network
DHCP Lease
Time

Subnet-Mask

VLSM CIDR
Tugas – [Tugas 4]
Kerjakan tugas pada Topik Network Layer | IP Addres di elearning
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