JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

STREAM: COMMUNICATION ENGINEERIN

HOSTING COMPANY: HARARI MASS MEDIA AGENCY

DURATION OF INTERNSHIP TWO MONTH

NAME OF STUDENT ID
1. SURAFEL BELAYNEH RU1638/09
2. MERAWI WUBISHET RU1493/09

ADVISOR:
MAY, 2021
JIMMA, ETHIOPIA
Declaration (later)
We hereby to declare that we have undertaken four months industrial at Harari mass media
agency(HMMA)in partial fulfillment of requirements for qualified internship program of
Electrical and Computer Engineering at Jimma Institute of technology (JIT), Jimma University.
The work which is being presented in the training report submitted to Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering at Jimma institute of technology (JIT), Jimma University’s an
authentic record of training work.
Name of students signature of students
Surafel Belayneh ___________
Merawi Wubishet ___________
We declared that this internship report is done by the above candidates and it has been submitted
with my approval

Name of the Mentors signature of the mentors

Mr. Zemenu _______

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 Acknowledgement
First of all, we would like to thanks the Almighty God for giving us so much strength to
complete this project and complete it successfully. We would like to thanks Jimma university
institute of technology (JIT) for giving us greatest chance to do this project that has given us a
great deal of knowledge. We would like to thanks our mentors Mr. Zemenu for helping us to
prepare the project by giving a guiding light and monitoring in our practical work.

In general, we want to pass grateful acknowledgement for those who have been beside us and
give us valuable assistance either in person or in material in the project.

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Table of Contents Page
Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of Organization..................................................................................................1
1.2Objectives of the agency.........................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Specific objectives...........................................................................................................1
1.3 The agency’s main services................................................................................................2
1.4 The agency customers and stake holders...........................................................................2
1.6 Work the company flow.........................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................5
2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE..............................................................................5
2.1 Our participation in the company are: -.................................................................................5
2.1.1 FM Transmission.............................................................................................................5
2.1.2 TV Broadcasting..............................................................................................................9
2.4 Challenges faced and how we overcome them....................................................................16
2.4.1 Challenges we faced......................................................................................................16
2.4.1 How we overcome them................................................................................................16
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................17
3. OVERALL BENEFIT GAINED............................................................................................17
3.1 Practical skill improved.......................................................................................................17
3.2 Theoretical knowledge acquired..........................................................................................17
3.3 New training we took...........................................................................................................17
3.4 Improving intercommunication and team work...................................................................17
3.5 Work ethics related issues....................................................................................................17
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................19
4. DIGITAL DOOR FOR TELEVISION STUDIO...................................................................19
4.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................19
4.2 Statement of problem and solution proposed.......................................................................19
4.3 Literature review..................................................................................................................19
4.4 Objectives.............................................................................................................................20
4.4.1 General Objective..........................................................................................................20

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 4.4.2 Specific Objective.........................................................................................................20
4.5 Significance and scope.........................................................................................................20
5. METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................21
5.1 The overall Methodology.....................................................................................................21
References......................................................................................................................................27

iv
LIST OF FIGURES

v
 Executive Summary (later)
This progect expresses about the internship experiences that have been under taken during the two
consecutive months. In this report we have tried to list the overall aspects of the internship experience.
In the first unit of the report, it provides general information about the hosting agency. It starts from the
brief history of the agency and from the time it has been established. In second unit of the report it
describes mainly about the material land metrology. It starts by describing the sections we had been
working on and continues to tell the different types of tasks that we had accomplished and assessment
of the internship as a whole. In the third chapter it mainly talks about the main experiences gained
during our stay in the company such as theoretical skill, practical team playing skill, interpersonal skill
and leadership skills and so on. The fives chapter contains conclusions and recommendation for the
university as well as for the company. The fourth chapter encompasses the project done based on
problems we have seen in the hosting company which is digital door for television studio.

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION (later)
1.1 Background of Organization
Harari Mass Media Agency (HMMA) is one of Ethiopian mass media agency that was
established by gulled construction in 1997 E.C. It has two studios; those are radio FM
transmission studio and television transmission studio. Television studio transmits their program
by sound and images while the radio transmits its program only by sound. The two studio
transmit independently, during that time it was started giving radio transmission service for the
customers and later in 2001 E.C television transmission was started. It has its own duration of
being on air each day. It’s on air for 16 hours per a day for radio transmission service and it
transmits radio FM at 101.4 frequencies. The television transmission service is on air for 9 hours
per a day and it transmits at VHF channel 9. The principal aim of being on air for sixteen or nine
hours per a day is to meet a desires and aspiration of the station’s audience by presenting
acceptable program for their consumption. It has the liberty to determine which program comes
up at what time, provided such programs meet the desires of the station’s audience. Radio and
television were a common phenomenon; they use electrical signals in sending their messages.
1.2Objectives of the agency
 By announcing the government policies, strategies and rules to societies; to make
societies participation in development work and equal need from development.
 To initiate societies in giving free suggestion and to make them near to information and
to know current information and working for main issues of countries, administration in
order to enable agreements.
 To enable administration societies, participate in socio-economic, political and to
support in making democracy as a culture
1.2.1 Specific objectives
 To achieve Station’s purpose
 To accompany Program objectives.
 To satisfy Audience interests
Vision:
The Harari Mass Media Agency will be the competitive media in the country by providing
quality, timely and balanced information, News, educational and entertainment programs, has
also institutional, DS TV programs (football and different sport programs) to the public with

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better quality and balanced information by using modern media technology and modern efficient
internal structure of management system.
Mission:
 It has the mission of using Harari Television and Radio program, website informing
educating and entertaining the public with timely. Promote the culture, Nation and
Nationalities of Ethiopia, to encouraging the public to speak out democratically,
encouraging the growth of democratic values, political, economic, and social activities
of the people.
 To announce good governance, democracy and giving place for them.
 To collect problems, arise from society and give to the body that give solution for them;
then announce result of problem to the society.
 To make media conference between administration and living society and to reach.
Values:
 To be source of current and correct information.
 To give priority for question of customers and societies.
 Individual worker’s quality and role are key for their mission.
 They play their role for reduction of poverty, good governance, democracy and
development success.
 They play great role for altogether agreement and direct build of development strategies.
1.3 The agency’s main services
 Collecting information
 Plan and preparation
 Strengthen information
 Editing information
 Transmit information
 Storing information documentation
1.4 The agency customers and stake holders
1.4.1 Customers
 Radio and Television listener and watcher
 Governmental organization
 Nongovernmental organization (NGO)

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1.4.2 Stake Holders
 Harari Administration
 Civic societies
 Government Institute
 Ethiopian broadcasting
1.5 Users of the Services
What we have observed about the organization was that the purpose of HMMA is to provide
much more services. Apart from others mentioned somewhere in the report, it gives latest
information and this is a must to be competitive and informed citizen in this fast running world.
Keeping this in mind HMMA gives such services for all Harari region and some other parts of
the Oromia and somale as far as its coverage range bounds.

1.6 The goal of the agency

The organization has also future plan such as;

 To improving the quality of news and programs

 To reaching 100% coverage across the other region in Ethiopia with both radio &
TV
 To improving use of ICT
 To improving media technology

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 1.6 Work the company flow
Organization

Executive

Dep’t of technology

Radio broadcasting

Branch of news
Television broadcasting

Dep’t of educational program Maintenance

ICT service
Dep’t of entertainment program

ICT and system

administrator

Director of directorate

Human Service of plan, Law affair Dep’t of Auditor Purchaser

resource and research and service market and
training budget promotion

Figure 1.1work flow of company block diagram

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 CHAPTER TWO
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 Our participation in the company are: -

 FM transmission
 Television broadcasting

HMMA

FM TV
Figure 2.2: Block diagram of HMMA

2.1.1 FM Transmission
Firstly, HMMA FM is transmitted at frequency of 101.4 MHz and also HMMA FM uses another
transmitter (located at ‘Hakim Mountain’) as the option in the case of technical failure of
transmitter at control room. the control room and transmitter at ‘Hakim mountain’ is connected
by microwave link (STL @ 234mhz) by Yagi antenna then the signals are transmitted by dipole
antenna.
FM transmission is the transmission or signals distribution of sound using the electrical signal.
The second jobs of radio broadcasting system are to process or change audio signals so that can
broadcast them. The piece of equipment that changes one or more aspect of audio signals called

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signal processors. The other part, transmitter and antenna that processed audio signal are carried
to receiver as receiver signals. The process of joining the audio signal and receiver signal is done
through modulation. The above process can be shown below using diagram;

Input Audio exciter power Dipole

sources amplifier amplifier antenna

TX link STL Yagi TX Yagi Rx

at837 MHz antenna antenna

Rx STL link Demodulator Dipole antenna

Figure 2.3: block diagram of FM transmission

Details explanations of each component:

Sources: - studio is the starting point of transmission of radio. The studio has the following
equipment that has their own purpose.

 Microphones
 Telephone hybrid
 Computer
 Head phone
 Warning light

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 Figure 2.4FM studio
Microphones: A microphone is a device, transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal.
This signal can be amplified as analog signal or can convert to a digital signal which can be
processed by a computer[ CITATION wor \l 1033 ].
Telephone hybrid: To receive a customer call. A telos or telephone line is a single user circuit
on a telephone communication system. It is hybrid communication.
Computer: is used to receive the audience SMS and the journalist read this SMS, daily event
from BBC or Google event and report for the audience. Also comment is received.
Head phone: the journalist is used to hear if she/he is on air and also to hear another technician
comments.
Warning light: warning light is used to identify if the studio is on air.
Audio mixer: mixer is an electronic device which combines the electrical sound signal from
microphone, instruments, telecom, CD player, DAD software, memory, etc. with the mixer you
can adjust the volume and total quality of each input source to achieve a harmonious and
pleasing blend (mix) of all the sound source. An audio mixer is a device with the primary
function to accept, combine, process and monitor audio. Mixers are primarily used in four
types of environments: live (at a concert), in a recording studio, for broadcast audio, and for
film/television. An audio mixer can come in either analog or digital form. [ CITATION htt \l
1033 ]

8
Figure 2.5 Audio mixer

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sources are the messages that we need to reach at the end user. They may from microphone,
computer, player and etc. And these are also inputs to audio mixer (main output of control
room). The output from audio mixer is goes to
 transmitter
 studio
 monitor
Audio amplifiers: except the audio from computer, other input audios must be amplified before
it enters to audio mixer
Exciter: is composed of modulator and oscillator and it is where our carrier frequency
(101.4mhz) is generated
Power amplifier: the output from Exciter must be changed to IF because active devices such as
transistor cannot deliver much amplification. and power of signal is needed to be amplified to
convert it to radio frequency signal in this case amplified by 5kw
Yagi antenna: since microwave link uses point to point communication we use Yagi antenna
2.1.2 TV Broadcasting
TV broadcasting is the transmission of electromagnetic audio visual signals. on this part we are
more focused television Transmission
2.1.2.1 Television studio
HMMA TV studio has four main rooms
 Studio room
 Control room
 Master control room
 Transmission room

Studio floor Control room Master control Transmission room

(uplink room)

Figure 2.6 Block diagram TV transmission

Studio floor room: is a studio in which an anchor is reading his (her) news which has high
quality of both audio and video, it is digital system. In this studio, it has the following

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equipment’s such as two standing cameras, microphones, speaker, monitor, deem light and
teleprompter which is connected with computer and anchor table and lamps.
 Two standing camera: is attached to the computer input
 Monitor screen: is monitor that tells to anchor to controls the time given to him
 Trail cable or multicore cables: Are the cables used to take the command from master
control room to camera man anchor & controllers in the production room.
The lighting system in studio is so different from other control. There are about 650-1000w
lights in the studio. There are four (4) types of lighting system in studio Such as:

 Key light: is the light that is brightens in front of the anchor at 45 degree
 Feel light: is the light that used to ignore the shadow of the key light at 45 degree
 Back ground light: is the light that is lighting at the back of the anchor
 Back light: is also the light that is light b/n anchor &the back ground lights.
The light in studio depending on the resistor values (threshold) values. The video light is
controlled by feeder. There is also floor & light manager in studio. Again if we start from color
in the studio is Green color and blue color. Green color is on the back of the anchor (journalist)
& it is highly reflective than blue. Blue is half over lapped the green color, this why blue is less
reflective than green. So they use blue, due to green is very high reflective
Control room: In television transmission there are two sources. Such as:
 Camera(video) and
 audio
In control room depending on the source there are two systems of controlling These are:
audio and video controlling system
Audio controlling system: in this controlling process there are different types of electronic
devices such as: audio mixer is an electronic device which is used to adjust sound. It is
connected with the vision control room. It also has a wireless receiver microphone which
comes from the anchor. There is also an electronic device called Telecom (tele printer),
which is used to connect audio mixer and phone.
Video Controlling system: has so many equipment in the control room such as:
 VTR
 Router mapper

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  Video mixer
 Modulator
 UP Link
 Video Server(nexio)
 Patch panel (jumper)
 Camera control unit (CCU)
 light controller
 camera controller
 color controller (Vector scope)
 CG (character generator)
 SPG (signal pulse generator); which is connected to any material exist in the studio
Router mapper: is used to connect camera source & VTR (video tape recorder).and also is used
as switch for both audio mixer and video mixer to select them properly and arranged of the
program

vision mixer: is used to mix different videos come from different sources like VTR (video tape
recorder), CG (character generator) and Video Server (nexio), and also it is a device used to
select between several different video sources and it would be found in video production
environment such as television studio [3]. it is an electronic device used for the Chroma effects
and has twelve inputs. the Chroma effect is software used to cut out one the background color
and replaces with another color to the video picture. Most of the time blue and green colors are
used for studio internationally.

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 Figure 2.7 vision mixer
Camera control unit: is responsible for powering the professional video camera, handling
signals sent over the camera fiber cable to and from the camera and can be used to control
various camera parameters such as iris remotely. It controls brightness, focus.

Figure 2.8 Studio control room

The audio comes from the anchor (journalist) taken to the control room by cables, and inters
UHF, & then feed into the Audio mixer input, then fed into the mixer output & finally go to the
uplink.

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 audio from anchor UHF

audio mixer modulator uplink

Figure 2.9 Block diagram of how audio taken from anchor to uplink
How Video taken from the camera to control room: The video that comes from the camera taken
to the control room by the cables as diagram below

camera ccu

patch panel router mapper

video mixer patch panel

modulator uplink

Figure 2.10 Block diagram of how video taken from camera to uplink

Patch panel: In television and broadcast studios, commercial and home recording studios
and concert sound systems, a patch panel, or patch bay, is used to connect various types
of equipment including microphones, electric guitars, basses, electronic instruments such

14
 as drum machines and synthesizers, effects processors, hardware recording devices, and
broadcasting equipment.  The ability for all of these connections to live in one centralized
location facilitates an easier way to connect devices [3].

Figure 2.11 Patch panel

o How video embedded audio

STUDIO uplink
@10.2
GHZ
NLE
encode
r

Video
Hd to sd
mixer
cvtr
AUDIO
MIXER
VTR router

Vision
switcher
CCU

Figure 2.12 Block diagram of How video embedded audio

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NLE VS LEn the early days of electronic video production, linear (tape-to-tape) editing was the
only way to edit video tapes. Then, in the 1990s, non-linear editing computers became available
and opened a whole new world of editing power and flexibility.

Non-linear editing was not welcomed by everyone and many editors resisted the new wave. In
addition, early digital video was plagued with performance issues and uncertainty. However, the
advantages of non-linear video eventually became so overwhelming that they could not be
ignored.
In the 21st Century non-linear gained dominance and linear editing headed towards
obsolescence. During this time the description "non-linear" was slowly abandoned as it was no
longer necessary almost all editing was now digital and the "non-linear" aspect was assumed.
Linear was dead.

Until around 2008 we recommended that aspiring editors still made the effort to learn about
traditional tape-to-tape editing, for reasons including the following:
1. It was simple and inexpensive. There were very few complications with formats,
hardware conflicts, etc.
2. Some simple jobs (e.g. appending one video to another) were much quicker and easier
with linear editing.
3. Interestingly, many professional editors of the time claimed that those who learn linear
editing first tend to become better all-round editors [4].

Linear video editing is a video editing post-production is a process of selecting, arranging and

modifying images and sound in a predetermined and ordered sequence. Regardless of whether it
was captured by a video camera, tapeless camcorder, or recorded in a television studio on
a videotape recorder (VTR) the content must be accessed sequentially.
For the most part video editing software has replaced linear editing. In the past, film editing was
done in linear fashion, where film reels were literally cut into long strips divided by takes and
scenes, and then glued or taped back together to create a logical sequence of film. Linear video
editing is more time consuming and highly specialized and tedious work. Still, it is relevant
today because of these reasons:
 The method is simple and inexpensive.
 Mandatory for some jobs: for example, if only two sections of video clips are to be
joined together in sequence it is often the quickest and easiest way.

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  If video editors learn linear editing skills it increases their knowledge as well as
versatility. According to many professional editors who learn linear editing skills first
they tend to become proficient all-round editors
Since in HMMA we use SD system, we need SD to HD converter

Master control room: master control is the technical hub of a broadcast operation common
among most over the air television station and television networks. also master control is the
final point before signal is transmitted over the air it contains electronics devices such as
synchronous generator, GPS clock, encoder, modulator and STL (system transmission link)
transmitter

Transmission room:
TV Transmitter uses 5kw power. These 5kw powers are obtained from two power amplifiers
each amplifier produces 2.5kw. Some component in TV Transmitter and the path that each
section follows are listed below:

Modulator: is used as TV Transmitter.

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Audio processor: is used as equalizer i.e. used to manage the sound, it makes the sound to
decrease or increase.
Exciter: is the main component and plays the great role in TV transmitter. It has video control,
Audio control, modulator, RF and Oscillator.

Figure 2.13 when HMMA is on air

2.3 job ethics

2.4 Challenges faced and how we overcome them

2.4.1 Challenges we faced
 Since we are new to the agency, at the first time the gate keeper prevents us to enter
 Sometimes we also move long journeys to work which was very boring. i.e. too far
from the agency. Sometimes we are not reaching on time
 The other challenges that was faced us was there is luck of reference and computers
in the agency

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2.4.1 How we overcome them
 We politely told him that we are intern students and we asked him to let us to enter,
after that we are able to understand before doing in any company being polite person
and respecting co-workers is the first measurement
 we must try to be punctual and able to achieve punctuality easily after some time
 Since in the agency we must give a chance to handle problems that seems challenging
and also it was eliminated by adaptation
 Accepting any challenges which were occurring.

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 CHAPTER THREE
1. OVERALL BENEFIT GAINED
3.1 Practical skill improved
We benefited from knowledge and skills of introduction to communication, Digital logic design,
Antenna and wave propagation, from courses of Electronics (I & II) we benefited about the
Electronics devices, like amplifiers, oscillators and from the knowledge of workshop and also
benefited Safety rules and installation. From introduction to communication we benefited skills
of modulations types (AM, FM & PM) and the wave forms of audio & video. This internship for
us also facilitates the development of professional

3.2 Theoretical knowledge acquired

This internship helps us to combine theory with practical work experience. no learning can be
gained unless theory is practiced, theory cannot be practiced unless opportunity is available. The
new theoretical knowledge we acquired from internship was types of microphones, types of
audio mixer their working principles and etc.

3.3 New training we took

3.4 Improving intercommunication and team work
To achieve more qualified, accurate and neat work interpersonal communication plays a great
Role. Without effective communication skill achieving the work that we need is so difficult.
During the first days of our meeting, we are only communicating with our supervisor within a
very short time, later we became as one of the employers. So, as we have expressed we are
working on improving our communication and participation skills in the company

In terms of team playing skill, we have improved our perception towards team work. Even if we
were not working as a team with the other workers who were in the office, we have observed all
the things being performed in the technical office section of the company

3.5 Work ethics related issues

It is clear that each and individual workers have their own different back ground which makes
him/her observe things differently from others. But, the presence of some ethical values shared
by all other workers is obvious. It is very vital in communication world. Due to the job character,
it is must to meet different personnel’s. For successful accomplishment of tasks good

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communication is obligatory. Good Communication is significant for anyone who is at work site
to gain the required benefits. We got following benefits due to communication skills
 Get information about each work pieces
 Understand the behavior of the workers
 Know the worker honesty in their work

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 CHAPTER FOUR
2. DIGITAL DOOR FOR TELEVISION STUDIO
4.1 Introduction
The project focuses on digital door for television studio this is used to minimize the interference
when studio is on the air and also used to give security alert when an authorized person is try to
enter the television
4.2 Statement of problem and solution proposed
 They have not digital door for television studio
 There is no security alert
 While the studios are on air there is a disturbance by another person
 Solution proposed is control the door digitally, increase the security and minimize the
disturbance.
2.3 Literature review

Based on the study of Malik M.H entitled “automated Door Lock System’’ (2008). The project
that was built consists of hardware and software development. This was used on SMS to open
the room door. The user can open the door by sending a text message to the system. The system
will identify and check it for the safety purposes. The door lock circuit is designed based on the
magnetic core and change to a magnet when power supply is feed to it. This magnet will act as a
locking part of the door. It will automatic open if anyone send right SMS to the system [5].
“Automated Door Lock System’’.

But in our case we use servo motor as locking part of the door and if user enters correct
password from keypad that interfaced with Arduino the servo motor rotates from its initial
position and the user must be get in within 5 seconds the door locked automatically and the other
one is a capacitive touch sensor module based security system which works when a finger hits
the screen a tiny electrical charge is transferred to the finger to complete the circuit ,creating a
voltage drop on that point of the screen. The application area of this project are home and office
where a simple touch can open and close the door. Interfacing touch sensor TTP223 with
Arduino act as a switch for unlocking the door [6]. But in our project case we modify this project
to enable the users to change the password whenever they want to change.

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 4.4 Objectives
4.4.1 General Objective
The aim of proposed project is to develop the system that used to increase the security, safety
and to minimize the interference.

4.4.2 Specific Objective

 By using the servo motor control the door.
 Embedding the screen and the buzzer to display the notification and sound alert
respectively.

2.4 Significance and scope

The scope of our project “digital door for television studio’’ is a wide the project we have
undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to be implemented in
other projects of great level such as home security. The project itself can be modified to achieve
a complete home security system which will then enable the home owner more secured at his
home.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
3. METHODOLOGY
5.1 The overall Methodology

Start

Observation

Problem
identification

Proposed
solution

Project review

Integrate the
Software Hardware
Design System Design

Does
Simulati
on work NO Check the
Design

24
yes
 end

Circuit of this project is very simple which contains Arduino keypad, module, buzzer, led and
LCD. Arduino controls the complete processes like taking password from keypad module,
comparing passwords, driving buzzer and sending status to LCD display. Keypad is used for
taking password. buzzer is used for indications LCD is used for displaying status or message on
it. Buzzer is driven by using a NPN transistor. To connect the servo motor with the Arduino, use
digital pin D7 of Arduino to output PWM pin of servo motor. To connect the positive wire of
buzzer to A14 of Arduino via the BC547 NPN transistor and resistor and negative wire to the
ground. keypad module’s column pins are directly connected to pin 4,5 and 6 row pins are
connected to 0,1,2 and 3 of Arduino Uno .16*2 LCD is connected with Arduino as follows
control pin RS,RW and En are directly connected to Arduino pin 13, GND and 12. And data pin
D4-D7 is connected to pins 11,10,9 and 8 of Arduino. Have used inbuilt Arduino’s EEPROM to
save password, so when we run this circuit firs, time program read a garbage data from inbuilt
Arduino’s EEPROM and when you will enter your password, system will compare your entered
password with that is stored in EEPROM of Arduino. If match is occurred then LCD will show
“access granted’’ and then rotate servo motor to 180 doors as door is opened. It then give 5
seconds time for entering via door. Once 5 seconds is completed the door will get locked
automatically. And if password is wrong then LCD will “access denied’’ and buzzer
continuously beep for some time. And buzzer is also beep a single time whenever user will press
any button from keypad. And if user wants to change his/her password he presses ’#’ symbol
from keypad and LCD will “enter you current password ’’ the user must enter her/his current
password before change password.

The overall block diagram of our project is as follows

Servo
keypad
motor
Buzzer

Arduino
Power LED
supply uno

Lcd display

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Figure 5.14: Overall system block diagram
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices,
timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke [7].

Figure 5.15 Buzzer

Keypad is one of the most commonly used input devices in microprocessor applications. In a
standard keypad wired as an X-Y switch matrix, normally open switches connect a row to a
column when pressed. If a keypad has 12 keys, it is wired as 3 columns by 4 rows [8].

26
 Figure 5.16 keypad pin notation and internal structure

Servo motor: a servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control
of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration [9].and in this case used to unlock the
door when correct password is entered from the user.

Figure 5.17 Servomotor

LED: A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current

flows through it [10].

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Figure 5.18 LED (light emitting diode)

Figure 5.19 when the system require password from the user

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Figure 5.20 when the door is opened

Figure 5.21 when the user wants to change password after entering first password

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References
[1]https://techterms.com/definition/microphone
[2]https://www.careersinmusic.com/audio-mixer/
[3]https://www.bittree.com/blogs/get-connected/what-is-a-patch-panel-used-for
[4]https://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/linear/linear-vs-nonlinear.html
[5]M.H entitled “Automated Door Lock System” (2008).
[6] https://how2electronics.com/author/alex-newton/
[7]file:///D:/Buzzer.htm#p-search
[8]https://www.electroschematics.com/arduino-with-keypad/
[9]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomotor
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

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