Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean

Geometry-I
Buratinogigle-Tran Quang Hung and parmenides51-Takis Chronopoulos
June 21, 2021

Preface
Buratino by Russian writer Tolstoy entered my subconscious through the stories of my mother in my
childhood. Later, when I joined AoPS, I still loved him and took my nickname as Buratinogigle (Bu-
ratino with a smile).
Until now, I have had the opportunity to introduce some of my problems to AoPS under the Mock
contest called: BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I (2021). This mock
has the style of the Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, IMO, and a bit of study in Euclidean geometry, but
mostly IMO-like problems because of the upcoming IMO in Russia. I would like to take this opportu-
nity to wish the IMO in Russia a great success this time around. Thank you to my companion Takis
Chronopoulos for helping me so much.
The rules I wrote in the topic of the same name in AoPS so I do not repeat. I just want to repeat the
timeline

Mock opening date to start accepting registrations: May 28, 2021 (GMT+7).

The problems upload date: June 4, 2021 (GMT+7).

Closing date: 23:59 (GMT+7) June 15, 2021 (we will not accept further answers after this time).

A little introduction to the logo printed on the pages: It can be considered as my first research on the
Golden Ratio and was published by Forum Geometricorum. I love the Golden Ratio in Geometry, it’s the
exact Golden Ratio, not an approximation. I came to geometry but not any other subject because I loved
the natural beauty of Geometry, later studying Mathematics and teaching gifted students influenced the
development of my Geometry. I love the beauty of geometry in general, and with the appearance of my
3D geometry problem, I hope to erase the prejudice that I can only work on plane geometry.
From the very first days when I joined AoPS, I learned about ”beautiful” geometry from the Greek
architect Kostas Vittas, I sincerely thank him. Later my geometry got a lot of help and encouragement
from my Russian friends, especially Professor Zaslavsky, I am grateful to him. I would like to thank
Alexander Skutin from Lomonosov University for contributing to a nice problem. We would also like
to thank AoPS moderators and admins for supporting the contest.

On behalf of Takis, I would like to write the preface

Best regards
Tran Quang Hung.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 2

1 Square
Problem 1. Let ABCD be a square inscribed in circle (O), and let P be a point on the minor arc AB
of (O). The lines P C, P D meet the diagonals BD, AC at points E, F , respectively. The lines AE,
BF meet the lines P D, P C at points S, T , respectively. The points K, L are the projections of S, T ,
respectively to AB, and Q is the common point of lines KT and LS. Prove that the line P Q bisects the
segment OM , where M is the midpoint of side CD.

Proposed by Buratino

D M C

S T
Q

K L
A M N B
S' T'

Figure 1: Square and an arbitrary point on a minor arc

Officical proof by Buratino. Let P D, P C meet AB at M , N , respectively. By Menelaus theorem for

triangle DM B with A, S, E are collinear, we have
SM EB AM BN AM AM · BN
= · = · = .
SD ED AB CD AB AB 2
·BN
Similarly, TT N
C
= AM
AB 2
= SM
SD
. From this and Thales theorem we get SK = T L. It is not hard to see
that ∠EAB = ∠P AB, so reflection point S  of S in line AB lies on P A. Similarly, reflection point T 
of T in line AB lies on P B. Thus by homothety, easily seen ST T  S  is a square and Q is the midpoint
of segment conncting center of square ST T  S  and midpoint of ST . Also by this homothety, P Q goes
through midpoint of OM .
Comment. This problem is in the style of Problem 8, Grade 8 in Final round of Sharygin Olympiad
2017. I like this problem very much although it is easier than Sharygin Olympiad’s problem. This is also
the problem that received the most solutions from the participants.
We get the correct solutions from 13 participants: PQH (Pham Quang Hung), giahung260305
(Pham Gia Hung), Khanhnx (Nguyen Ngoc Khanh), doanphuongkhang123 (Doan Phuong
Khang), sarjinius, sanyalarnab (Arnab Sanyal), tuannghia1418 (Truong Tuan Nghia), i3435,
transytoan123 (Tran Sy Toan), NguyenHieu, THVSH (Trinh Huy Vu), hyay, Dang Minh
Ngoc.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 3

2 Scalene triangle
Problem 2. Let ABC be a scalene triangle with incenter I. Let A0 , B0 , C0 be the midpoints of sides BC,
CA, AB, respectively. Let Na , Nb , Nc be the nine-point centers of triangles IBC, ICA, IAB, respectively.
Let P be the radical center of circles diameter A0 Na , B0 Nb , C0 Nc . Prove that the line N P bisects the
segment IG, where N and G are the nine-point center and centroid of triangle ABC, respectively.

Proposed by Buratino

Xa' B0
C0
Xb
Nc

G
I X Xb
Na
N

Xa
Nb

B A0 C

Figure 2: Radical center in a scalene triangle

Officical proof by Buratino. Consider barycentric coordinates system where A(1, 0, 0), B(0, 1, 0), and C(0, 0, 1).
Let Fa Fb Fc be Fuhrmann triangle of ABC then
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
Fa a , −a2 + c2 + bc, −a2 + b2 + bc
⎝ Fb ⎠ = ⎝ −b2 + c2 + ac, b2 , a2 − b2 + ac ⎠ .
Fc b2 − c2 + ab, a2 − c2 + ab, c2

Thus triangle Na Nb Nc has coordinates

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
Na a , −a2 + c2 + bc, −a2 + b2 + bc
⎝ Nb ⎠ = ⎝ −b2 + c2 + ac, b2 , a2 − b2 + ac ⎠ .
Nc b2 − c2 + ab, a2 − c2 + ab, c2
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 4

Let Xa , Xb , Xc be the midpoints of A0 Na , B0 Nb , C0 Nc then triangle Xa Xb Xc has coordinates

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
Xa −a(b + c), 2a2 − 2b2 − 2c2 + ab − 4bc, 2a2 − 2b2 − 2c2 + ac − 4bc
⎝ Xb ⎠ = ⎝ 2a2 − 2b2 + 2c2 − ab + 4ac, b(c + a), 2a2 − 2b2 + 2c2 + 4ac − bc ⎠ .
Xc 2a2 + 2b2 − 2c2 + 4ab − ac, 2a2 + 2b2 − 2c2 + 4ab − bc, c(a + b)

We consider the midpoint X of IG, X has coordinates

X = (4a + b + c, a + 4b + c, a + b + 4c),

and the midpoint P  of XG, P  has coordinates

P  = (2a + b + c, a + 2b + c, a + b + 2c).

Let Xa be the reflection of Xa in P  , Xa has coordinates

Xa = (4a2 − ab − ac − 2b2 − 4bc − 2c2 , b (a − 2b − 2c), c(a − 2c − 2b)).

We can calculate the powers

B0 Nb2 abc(2a − b − c)
PXa /(Xb ) = Xa Xb2 − = = PXa /(Xc ) .
4 16 (b + c − a) (a + b + c)

From this, Xa P is perpendicular to Xb Xc where P is the radical center of circles (Xa ), (Xb ), (Xc ). Let
K be the orthocenter of triangle Xa Xb Xc then XK is perpendicular to Xb Xc . Therefore K and P are
reflection in P  or XP  KG. (1)
We can calculate orthocenter K of Xa Xb Xc as follows
⎛ ⎞
a (4a3 + 2b3 + 2c3 − 4ab2 − 4ac2 − bc2 − 2a2 b − 2a2 c − b2 c + 5abc)
K = ⎝ b (2a3 + 4b3 + 2c3 − 2ab2 − ac2 − 4bc2 − 4a2 b − a2 c − 2b2 c + 5abc) ⎠ .
c (2a3 + 2b3 + 4c3 − ab2 − 2ac2 − 2bc2 − a2 b − 4a2 c − 4b2 c + 5abc)

Nine-point center N has coordinates

⎛ ⎞
a2 (b2 + c2 ) − (b2 − c2 )2
N = ⎝b2 (c2 + a2 ) − (c2 − a2 )2 ⎠ .
c2 (a2 + b2 ) − (a2 − b2 )2

It is not hard to see that KG  XN . (2)

From (1) and (2), we see that X, N , P are collinear.
Comment. This result is quite nice with alot off new properties. But this is really difficult even with
the coordinate method. I used Matlab computer algebra for some calculations. We get a correct solution
from 1 participant: khanhnx (Nguyen Ngoc Khanh), and this solution has also been published on
AoPS by khanhnx.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 5

3 Five cyclic points

Problem 3. Let ABC be a triangle and given two points P , Q on its circumcircle. Let k be a constant
and let X be a point on lines BC such that
tan ∠P XC
= k.
tan ∠BXQ
Similarly, we define the points Y and Z. Prove that three points X, Y , Z are collinear.

Proposed by Alexander Skutin

A
Q

B C
A' U X

Figure 3: Collinear points with five cyclic points

Comment. This problem is a generalization of Arseny Akopyan’s problem where k = 1.

Officical proof by Alexander Skutin. Let P Q cut BC at A . Circles (XP Q) meets BC again at U , similarly
define Y , V , Z, and W . Using signed length segment, we have

A X · A U = A P · A Q = A B · A C

Thus
A X A C A X − A C CX
= = = ,

AB 
AU AB−AU
  UB
and
A X A B A X − A B BX
= = = .

AC 
AU AC −AU
  UC
From these, we have
A C XC U C
= · .
A B XB U B
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 6

Similarly,
BC YC VC

= ·
BA YA VA
and
C A ZA W A

= · .
CB ZB W B
A C BC CA
Since A , B  , C  are collinear, A B
· BA
· CB
= 1 or XC
XB
· UC
UB
· YC
YA
· VC
VA
· ZA
ZB
· WA
WB
= 1, so we have

X, Y, Z are collinear
XC Y C Y A
⇐⇒ · · =1
XB Y A Y B
UC V C W A
⇐⇒ · · =1
UB V A W B
⇐⇒ U, V, W are collinear.
tan ∠P XC
Since tan ∠BXQ
= k, we get tan ∠U P Q
tan ∠U QP
= k. This means perpendicular U H from U to P Q divides P Q in
PH
HQ
= k (also using signed length segment). So U , V , and W lie on the perpendicular line to P Q at H
which is equivalent to X, Y , and Z are collinear as above. This completes the proof.

Comment. This problem is very nice and hard. I would like to sincerely my dear friend Alexander
Skutin for supporting my contest with this interesting problem.
It is the fact that X, Y , Z, U , V , W lie on the same conic by Carnot’s theorem. Also we can see a
generalization of Simson line from this configuration.
We get a correct solution from 1 participant: tuannghia1418 (Truong Tuan Nghia) with a bit
different solution and also deal with the generalization of the Simson line.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 7

4 Hexagon
Problem 4. Let ABC and A B  C  be two triangles inscribed in a circle such that AB  CA BC  is a
convex hexagon. Consider the intersection points X ≡ B  C  ∩ AC, Y ≡ B  A ∩ AC, Z ≡ A B  ∩ CB,
U ≡ A C  ∩ CB, V ≡ C  A ∩ BA, and W ≡ C  B  ∩ BA. Let O1 , O2 , O3 , O4 , O5 , and O6 be the
circumcenters of triangles XAB  , Y B  C, ZCA , U A B, V BC  , and W C  A, respectively. Prove that the
lines O1 O4 , O2 O5 , and O3 O6 are concurrent.

Proposed by Buratino
Lemma (Telv Cohl). Let ABC and A B  C  be two triangles inscribed in the (O) such that ABCA B  C 
is a convex hexagon. Consider the intersection points X = AB ∩ A C, X  = A B  ∩ AC  . Let O and O be
the circumcenters of the triangles XBC and X  B  C  respectively. Then the lines OO , BB  and CC  are
concurrent.
A

B
C'
C

O
S
X X'
O'

B
C
B'

A'


 

Proof by Telv Cohl. We have angles chasing,

∠BXO = 90◦ − ∠XCB = 90◦ − ∠XAA .
Therefore, XO ⊥ AA . Simiarly, XO  X  O ⊥AA .
Construct the points B0 and C0 on the circle (O ) such that X  B0  XB and X  C0  XC. Easily seen,
XX  , OO , BB0 and CC0 are concurrent at insimilicenter S of (O) and (O ) .
Since,
∠B0 B  C  = ∠B0 X  C  = 180◦ − ∠BAC  = ∠BB  C 
so B, B  and B0 are collinear. Analogously, C, C  and C0 are collinear. Thus, the lines OO , BB  and
CC  are concurrent. This finishes the proof of lemma.
O

C'

O B'
V
O
W
Bb M U
A A'
H P Cc
Aa N
Z
X
Y
O K
O
B C
O


Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 8

Officical proof by Nguyen Tien Dung. With i = 2, 4, 6, we denote by Ri the radius of the circles (Oi ),
dia , dib and dic the distance from Oi to the lines AA , BB  and CC  respectively. Let H and K be the
intersection points of circles (O2 ) and (O6 ) with the lines AA and BB  respectively.
We have angles chasing,

∠AO6 H = 2∠AC  H
= 2 (∠AC  B − ∠HC  W )
= 2 (∠ACB − ∠B  AA )
= 2 (∠ACB − ∠KCY )
= 2∠KCB
= ∠BO2 K.

Therefore, two triangles O6 AH and O2 CK are similar. We deduce that

d2b R2
= .
d6a R6
Similarly,
d6c R6 d4a R4
= , = .
d4b R4 d2c R2
Let the lines AA , BB  and CC  meet the lines BB  , CC  and AA at the points Cc , Aa and Bb
respectively. Follow the Lemma, O2 O5 , O3 O6 and O1 O4 goes thorugh the points Aa , Bb and Cc respectively.
Thus, we need prove that Aa O2 , Bb O6 and Cc O4 are concurrent. Indeed, let M , N and P be the intersection
points of the lines Aa O2 , Bb O6 and Cc O4 with the lines Bb Cc , Cc Aa and Aa Bb respectively. Denote by
[ABC] the area of triangle ABC. Consider the expression,

M B b N C c P Aa [O2 Aa Bb ] [O6 Bb Cc ] [O4 Cc Aa ]

· · = · ·
M C c N Aa P B b [O2 Aa Cc ] [O6 Bb Aa ] [O4 Cc Bb ]
[O6 Bb Cc ] [O4 Cc Aa ] [O2 Aa Bb ]
= · ·
[O4 Bb Cc ] [O2 Cc Aa ] [O6 Aa Bb ]
d6a d4b d2c
= · ·
d4a d2b d6c
d6a d4b d2c
= · ·
d2b d6c d4a
R6 R4 R2
= · · = 1.
R2 R6 R4
From this, apply Ceva’s theorem to triangle Aa Bb Cc , we obtain the lines Aa O2 , Bb O6 and Cc O4 are
concurrent, which completes our proof.

Comment. This is quite difficult and interesting problem. It looks a bit like Dao Thanh Oai’s theorem
but I actually figured it out independently of Dao’s Theorem. However, Nguyen Tien Dung’s solution
based on Telv’ Lemma is quite similar to his solution in reference [1].
We get the correct solutions from 6 participants: giahung260305 (Pham Gia Hung), Khanhnx
(Nguyen Ngoc Khanh), NguyenHieu, tuannghia1418 (Truong Tuan Nghia), transytoan123
(Tran Sy Toan), THVSH (Trinh Huy Vu) with the same idea.

Reference

[1] N. T. Dung, Simple proof of Dao’s theorem on six circumcenters, Global Journal of Advanced Research
on Classical and Modern Geometrie, 6(2017).
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 9

5 Quadrilateral
Problem 5. A quadrilateral ABCD is given and let K, L, M , N be the midpoints of its side-segments
AB, BC, CD, DA, respectively. Prove that the line KM bisects the segment ST , where S ≡ AQ ∩ BP
and T ≡ CN ∩ DL and P , Q, are the midpoints of the diagonals AC, BD, respectively.

Proposed by Kostas Vittas

Officical proof by Kostas Vittas. LetZ ≡ AC ∩ BD. According to Lemma 1, we have that T Z  KM . (*)
Let X ≡ EZ ∩ KM . According to Gauss-Newton Theorem, this point coincides with midpoint of EZ,
from the complete quadrilateral EDZCAB.

Let Y ≡ ET ∩ KM , as the midpoint of ET due to (*) (obvious). According to Lemma 2, we have

that ES  KM .
In triangle T ES, line Y X ≡ KM  ES passes through midpoint W of segment ST and the proof is
completed.

Lemma 1. Given a quadrilateral ABCD and let point E, F lie on it’s sides AD, BCrespectively such
AE
that ED = BF
FC
. Prove that the line connecting points K ≡ AF ∩ BE, L ≡ CE ∩ DF is parallel to the line
connecting the midpoints M, N of AB, CD respectively.

Lemma 2. Given a quadrilateral ABCD and let M, N be the midpoints ofAC, BD respectively. Prove
that EQKL, where Q ≡ BM ∩ CN and K, L are midpoints of AD, BC respectively.

Notations used below:

(A.DF CN ) denotes the cross ratio of the pencil A.DF CN .
(D, F, C) denotes the affine ratio CD
CF
.

Proof Lemma 1. Let Q ≡ AC ∩ BD. According to Pappus theorem, this point lies on lineKL,
considering the triples of points A, E, D and B, F, C on AD, BC.Let Z ≡ AD ∩ BCand let be the
midpoint of ZQ. Points P, M, N are collinear according to Gauss-Newton Theorem on the complete
quadrilateral ZAQBCD.
Let T be the symmetric of Z in M . In triangle ZQT , QT P M ≡ M N because of the midpoints
P, M of it’s segments ZQ, ZT respectively. It Is sufficient to prove that line QT coincides with lineKL.
Quadrilateral ZAT B is parallelogram (obvious).

AT ZB ≡ BC ⇒ (A.BF CT ) = (B, F, C) (1)

BT ZA ≡ AD ⇒ (B.AEDT ) = (A, E, D) (2)

Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 10

AE BF DA CB
= ⇒ = ⇒ (A, E, D) = (B, F, C) , (3)
ED FC DE CF
Combining (5), (6), (7) ⇒ (A.BF CT ) = (B.AEDT ), (**)

From (**), and because pencils A.BF CT , B.AEDT have AB ≡ BA as common ray, we conclude that
points K ≡ AF ∩ BE and Q ≡ AC ∩ BD and T ≡ AT ∩ BT are collinear and therefore lines KQL and
KQT QT coincide, as they have two common points and the proof for for Lemma 1 is completed.
Proof Lemma 2. Let F be the midpoint ofEP . In the complete quadrilateral EAP DBC, pointsF, K, L
lie on the same line and according to Gauss-Newton Theorem. Let Z be the symmetric point of P in the
midpoint Lof BC. Because EZ  F L, we have the equivalent problem, to prove that point Q lies on line
EZ. Point L, is common midpoint ofBC, P Z, thereforeP BZC is parallelogram. Combining AC  BZ
and AM = M C we conclude that pencil B.AM CZ is harmonic. Similarly, combining DB  CZ and
DN = N B, we conclude that pencil C.DN BZ is also harmonic. As harmonic, those pencils have equal
cross ratios, and therefore we conclude that:
(AM CZ) = (C.DN BZ) (4)

From (4), and because those pencils have BC ≡ CB as common ray, we conclude that points and
Q ≡ BM ∩ CN and are collinear and the proof for the equivalent question for Lemma 2 is completed.
Comment. This problem is very beautiful with a random quadrilateral. I would like to sincerely thank
Mr Kostas Vittas for supporting my contest with this interesting problem.
We get the correct solutions from 11 participants: giahung260305 (Pham Gia Hung), Khanhnx
(Nguyen Ngoc Khanh), doanphuongkhang123 (Doan Phuong Khang), sarjinius, sanyalarnab
(Arnab Sanyal), tuannghia1418 (Truong Tuan Nghia), i3435, transytoan123 (Tran Sy Toan),
NguyenHieu, THVSH (Trinh Huy Vu), hyay with many different ideas, but the method of using
Cartesian coordinate system is quite new.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 11

6 Intouch triangle and median triangle

Problem 6. Let A0 , B0 , C0 be the midpoints of sides BC, CA, AB, and A1 , B1 , C1 be the touching
points of these sides with the incircle of triangle ABC.

a) Let A0 C0 , B0 C0 meet A1 B1 at P and Q respectively. Prove that P , Q, C0 , C1 are concyclic.

b) Let A1 C1 , B1 C1 meet A0 B0 at X and Y respectively. Prove that the circle XY C1 passes through
the foot of the altitude from C.

c) Prove that four points X, Y , P , Q lie on a circle centered at J, and Y P , XQ, CJ are concurrent

Proposed by Alexey Zaslavsky

J
C

A1 P

Y B0 A0
X
B1 Q
Z
I

Y' A K C1 C0 X' B

Figure 4: Intouch triangle and median triangle

Lemma (Well-known). Let I be the incenter of ABC, then

i) ∠AP B = ∠AQB = 90◦ .

ii) A, I, X, P are collinear.

iii) B, I, Q, Y are collinear.

Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 12

Officical proof by Alexey Zaslavsky. a) By Lemma P , Q, C0 , C1 lie on nine-point circle of triangle IBC.
b) Let X  and Y  be the reflections of C in X and Y , respectively. It is not hard to see that C1 is
the midpoint of X  Y  . So that X, Y , C1 , K lie on nine-point circle of triangle AX  Y  where K is the
orthogonal projection of A on BC.
c) Since XY  AB and A, B, P, Q are concyclic, we obtain P, Q, X, Y are concyclic. Let P K, QL be
the diameters of (J). Since, ∠AXC = ∠BXC = 90◦ , we get that K lies on CX and L lies on CY . By
Pascal’s theorem we have C, J, Z are collinear.

Comment. This problem, although academic, is no less beautiful. I would like to sincerely thank Pro-
fessor Alexey Zaslavsky for supporting my contest with this interesting problem.
We get the correct solutions from 10 participants: PQH (Pham Quang Hung), giahung260305
(Pham Gia Hung), Khanhnx (Nguyen Ngoc Khanh), doanphuongkhang123 (Doan Phuong
Khang), sarjinius, sanyalarnab (Arnab Sanyal), i3435, transytoan123 (Tran Sy Toan), Nguyen-
Hieu, THVSH (Trinh Huy Vu) with almost the same idea as the solution with the lemma and pro-
jective geometry.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 13

7 Golden Ratio
Problem 7. Let ABCD be a square √ with P lying on side AB. Prove that P divides the segment BA in
5+1
the Golden ratio i.e. PP B
A
= ϕ (ϕ = 2
) if and only if Euler line of triangle P CD goes through B.

Proposed by Buratino

A P B

D C

Figure 5: Golden Ratio with square and Euler line

Officical proof by Buratino. Let D(0, 0), C(1, 0), B(1, 1), A(0, 1), and P (p, 1) (0 ≤ p ≤ 1). Centroid of
triangle P CD is  
p+1 1
G , (5)
3 3
−−→ −→
Orthocenter of P CD is H(p, h) then DH ⊥ P C therefore DH · CP = 0 or (p, h) · (p − 1, 1) = 0 or
h = p(1 − p). Thus
H(p, p(1 − p)). (6)
From (5) and (6), line GH (Euler line of triangle P CD) has equation

(−3p2 + 3p − 1)x + (1 − 2p)y + p3 = 0. (7)

Thus B(1, 1) lies on line GH if and only if it satisfies equation (7), this is equivalent to

⇐⇒ (−3p2 + 3p − 1) + (1 − 2p) + p3 = 0
⇐⇒ p3 − 3p2 + p = 0
⇐⇒ p2 − 3p + 1 = 0
√
3− 5
⇐⇒ p = (Because p < 1)
2
√
PB 5+1
⇐⇒ = .
PA 2
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 14

This means P divide segment BA in the Golden Ratio if and only if Euler line of triangle P CD goes
through B.

Comment. The Golden Ratio has always been a miracle of nature, and geometry is no exception. I am
glad to have found this interesting problem, a relationship between the Golden Ratio, the square and the
Euler line, the most beautiful objects of plane geometry.
Most of the best way to approach this problem is coordinates, but we need to simplify the calculations.
In fact, it is also difficult to have a purely geometric solution for the problem because the essence is still
calculating the Golden Ratio. So some of you who try to solve purely geometric problems still need to
calculate in the end.
We get the correct solutions from 12 participants: giahung260305 (Pham Gia Hung), Khanhnx
(Nguyen Ngoc Khanh), doanphuongkhang123 (Doan Phuong Khang), sarjinius, sanyalarnab
(Arnab Sanyal), tuannghia1418 (Truong Tuan Nghia), i3435, transytoan123 (Tran Sy Toan),
NguyenHieu, THVSH (Trinh Huy Vu), hyay, Dang Minh Ngoc with the rather strange solutions
of hyay using Barycentric coordinates and the solution of transytoan123 using tripolar coordinates of the
Euler line.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 15

8 Circumscribed trapezoid
Problem 8. Let ABCD be a circumscribed trapezoid with bases AB and CD. Let P be an arbitrary
point such that P D, P C meet the side AB at points Q, R, respectively. Let J be the touching point
of incircle triangle P CD with CD. Prove that IJ is perpendicular to KL, where K, L, and I are the
incenters of QAD, RBC, and ABCD, respectively.

Proposed by Buratino

G
A Y Q R H Z B
X
K
M

L
N

B' D J C

Figure 6: Perpendicular lines in circumscribed trapezoid

Officical proof by Buratino. Let (K) be tangent to QA, QD at Y , M , respectively. Let (L) be tangent
to RB, RC at Z, N , respectively. By Lemma in Problem 6 then Y M and ZN go through I because
∠AID = ∠BIC = 90◦ from AB  CD. Let H be the reflection of J in I. Since AB  CD then H lies on
AB. Let B  be the reflection of B in I, eaily seen CB  = CB. Incircle (G) of P QR is tangent to AB at
X. We have

HZ = BH − BZ
= B  J − BZ
= CB − CJ − BZ
2CB − (CD + CP − P D) − (BR + BC − CR)
=
2
AB − AD − P R − BR + P D
=
2
P D + AR − AD − P Q
=
2
= QX + QY
= XY.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 16

It is also HY = XZ. From these, we get

IK 2 − IL2 = (Y K 2 + IG2 − Y G2 ) − (IG2 + ZL2 − GZ 2 )

= XZ 2 − XY 2 + Y K 2 − ZL2
= (HY 2 + Y K 2 ) − (HZ 2 + ZL2 )
= HK 2 − HL2

or IJ ⊥ KL. This completes proof.

Comment. This problem is very similar to the problem with rhombus which I posted on AoPS some
weeks ago with the same idea for solution.
We get the correct solutions from 6 participants: khanhnx (Nguyen Ngoc Khanh), NguyenHieu,
tuannghia1418 (Truong Tuan Nghia), transytoan123 (Tran Sy Toan), THVSH (Trinh Huy
Vu) in which giahung260305 (Pham Gia Hung) gives similar solutions while the other give quite nice
geometrical pure solutions.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 17

9 3D geometry
Problem 9. Let ABCD be a tetrahedron in 3D space. By making cuts along the edges AB, AC, AD
and rotating the faces ABC, ACD, ADB outwards into the plane (BCD), we unfold the tetrahedron to
the polygon BXCY DZ. Let Oa be the circumcenter of the triangle XY Z. Let Ha be the feet of altitude
from A of tetrahedron ABCD. Let Ka be the midpoint of AHa . Line a connects two points Oa and Ka .
Define similarly the lines b , c , d . Prove that four lines a , b , c , d are concurrent.

Proposed by Buratino

Ka

Oa'
B

X Ha
M
Oa
D
C

Figure 7: Concurrent lines in space

Officical proof by Buratino. Let J be theA-exsphere centere of ABCD. Easily seen A and X are reflection
in plane (JBC), so that JA = JX. Similarly,

JX = JY = JZ = JA.

Since Oa X = Oa Y = Oa Z, Oa is the orthogonal projection of J on plane (BCD).

Consider plane (α) which is parallel to (BCD) and is tangent to insphere (I) of ABCD at Oa . Plane
(α) meets the sides AB, AC, and AD at B  , C  , and D . The homothety center A which swaps A → A,
B  → B, and C  → C which swaps (I) to (J) so the tengent points Oa swaps to Oa . Thus A, Oa and Oa
are collinear. Let M be projection of I on plane (BCD), since (α) is parallel to (BCD) and (α) is also
tangent to sphere (I), M and Oa are reflection in I. From this the line a connecting Ka and Oa must go
through I. Similarly, b , c , and d go through I. This completes the proof.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 18

Comment. This problem is quite strange. I inspire it from a problem of Metropolises Russia 2019
(Problem 5).
We don’t get any solutions from participants throughout the exam period. However, after the deadline,
there was a solution on AoPS from the nickname Siddharth03 with the same idea.
Solutions for BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 19

List of correct solutions

I recommend all of you post your solutions in each respective topic on AoPS.

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9

PQH • •
giahung260305 • • • • • •
Khanhnx • • • • • • •
doanphuongkhang123 • • • •
sarjinius • • • •
sanyalarnab • • • •
tuannghia1418 • • • • • •
i3435 • • • •
transytoan123 • • • • • •
NguyenHieu • • • • • •
THVSH • • • • • •
hyay • • •
Dang Minh Ngoc • •

The end. The contest ended with the enthusiastic participation of 13 friends (with all correct solutions)
and about 80 registrations. That is really successful, thank you all. I hope this initial success will be
the driving force for us to do even better in BMoEG-II, BMoEG-III,....See you at the Problem Set of
BMoEG-II.

Greeting for all!