Notes
on
Hybrid
topology:
Hybrid
topology
is
an
integration
of
two
or
more
different
topologies
to
form
a
resultant
topology
which
has
many
advantages
(as
well
as
disadvantages)
of
all
the
constituent
basic
topologies
rather
than
having
characteristics
of
one
specific
topology.
This
combination
of
topologies
is
done
according
to
the
requirements
of
the
organization.
For
example,
if
there
is
a
ring
topology
in
one
office
department
while
a
bus
topology
in
another
department,
connecting
these
two
will
result
in
Hybrid
topology.
Star-‐Ring
and
Star-‐Bus
networks
are
most
common
examples
of
hybrid
network.
These
are
two
examples
of
hybrid
topology:
Star-‐Bus:
The
star
bus
topology
is
combined
with
the
linear
bus
in
large
networks.
In
such
cases
the
linear
bus
provides
a
backbone
that
connects
multiple
stars.
Star
Ring:
The
Star
Ring
is
a
combination
of
ring
and
star
topologies.
The
hubs
in
a
star
ring
are
connected
in
a
star
pattern
by
the
main
hub.
Advantages
of
Hybrid
Network
Topology
1) Reliable:
Unlike
other
networks,
fault
detection
and
troubleshooting
is
easy
in
this
type
of
topology.
The
part
in
which
fault
is
detected
can
be
isolated
from
the
rest
of
network
and
required
corrective
measures
can
be
taken,
without
affecting
the
functioning
of
rest
of
the
network.
2)
Scalable:
It
is
easy
to
increase
the
size
of
network
by
adding
new
components,
without
disturbing
existing
architecture.
3)
Flexible:
Hybrid
Network
can
be
designed
according
to
the
requirements
of
the
organization
and
by
optimizing
the
available
resources.
Special
care
can
be
given
to
nodes
where
traffic
is
high
as
well
as
where
chances
of
fault
are
high.
4)
Effective:
Hybrid
topology
is
the
combination
of
two
or
more
topologies,
so
we
can
design
it
in
such
a
way
that
strengths
of
constituent
topologies
are
maximized
while
there
weaknesses
are
neutralized.
For
example
we
saw
Ring
Topology
has
good
data
reliability
(achieved
by
use
of
tokens)
and
Star
topology
has
high
tolerance
capability
(as
each
node
is
not
directly
connected
to
other
but
through
central
device),
so
these
two
can
be
used
effectively
in
hybrid
star-‐ring
topology.
Disadvantages
of
Hybrid
Topology
1)
Complexity
of
Design:
One
of
the
biggest
drawbacks
of
hybrid
topology
is
its
design.
It
is
not
easy
to
design
this
type
of
architecture
and
it
is
a
tough
job
for
designers.
Configuration
and
installation
process
needs
to
be
very
efficient.
2)
Costly
Hub:
The
hubs
used
to
connect
two
distinct
networks,
are
very
expensive.
These
hubs
are
different
from
usual
hubs,
as
they
need
to
be
intelligent
enough
to
work
with
different
architectures
and
should
be
function
even
if
a
part
of
network
is
down.
3)
Costly
Infrastructure:
As
hybrid
architectures
are
usually
larger
in
scale,
they
require
a
lot
of
cables;
cooling
systems,
and
sophisticate
network
devices.
