STUDY ON VOLTAGE AND CURRENT AT THE OUTPUT OF TRANSFORMER COUPLING TRIANGLE

TRANFORMER DELTA CLASSIC TRANSFORMER OPEN DELTA

b a b a
1 2 1 2
a b a b

b a 3
3

In this case the voltages u1, u2 and u3 are generated In this case voltages u1, u2 and u3 are generated by
by each of the winding of the transformer the coils 1 and 2 for u1, u2 and u3

This leads to the following vector representations

b u1
b u1 a
u1 u2 u1 u2 u3
b
u3 a
u3 b b u2
u3
b
u2
The three phases are shifted by 120 ° Phases 1 and 2 are shifted by 120 ° but phase 3 is in
opposition to that of a generator normal ends up sliding
60 ° from 1 and 2

A three-phase motor can be connected normally A three-phase motor cannot be connected normally
phase angle of 120 ° comply with the positioning of because phases do not have a 120 ° offset
the windings

Behavior of the intensities and effect on the power of

I1 I2 i1 I2

I3/2 I3/2
I3
I3
For a balanced distribution of power Pt For a balanced distribution of power Pt
Each winding is crossed by a current I = I1 = I2 = I3 The I3 intensity cannot be generated by the winding 3
The total power of the transformer is equal to the sum It is then distributed in the windings 1 & 2 and in phase
of the power provided by the 3 windings with them
Pt = P1 +P2 +P3 = U1xI1 + U2XI2 +U3xI3 As shown in the vector representation
Pt = UxIx3 I 3 in E1 is equal to I3 x cos 60 => I3x0,5 = ½ I3
Idem for I3 in E2
The intensity in E1 (ou E2) is : I1 + ½ I3 = 1,5 I
The total power output is :
Pt = P1 + P2 = U1x1,5 I + U2x 1,5 I = U ( 1,5 I + 1,5 I )
Pt = UxIx3
 HOW TO USE A THREE-PHASE NETWORK SUPPLIED BY TRANSFORMER OPEN SECONDARY
TO POWER A THREE-PHASE MOTOR

In this type of network the third phase has a phase shift of 180 ° from the third phase of a normal network.
Namely that it is in opposite to normal phase

For a three-phase motor to be properly powered with this network, it is necessary to supply one of the poles in the
opposite direction. I.e. by reversing the connection of the phases 2 and 3 on one of the poles

WIRING DIAGRAMS

b a
U W2 U
1 2 W2
a b (1) (2) 1 2
3
U2 W U2 W

b 3 a V (3) V2 V V2
3
Ph2

Ph3
Dotted line connection represents a normal transformer
Ph1 Ph2 Ph1 Ph2
Connection U V W U W
V
in the motor
terminal boxes

W2 U2 V2 W2 U2 V2

Ph3 Ph3
Connection delta Connection star

NOTA :
With this type of power supply, it is not possible to use an electronic Starter
 PERFORMING A NETWORK THREE PHASE + NEUTRAL 400V-230V
FROM A SUPPLY BY TRANFORMER 230V OPEN TRIANGLE

This can be achieved using a transformer 230V / 230V connections free wound to connect the input windings in
triangle, but with a connection inverted on the third winding for phases 2 and 3
Plug the secondary windings in Star to get a 400V - 230V network

Ph1
TRANSFORMER
Ph1
a
b a
b a 1
1 2 b
1 2
a b b
a b a 3 b 2
a
3 b a Ph2
3

Ph2 Ph3

Ph3 Neutre

Generator 230V open delta Primary 230V in delta / Secondary in star 400V – 230v

NOTA :
The three phases at the output of the transformer have a vector shift of 120 °
It is possible to use an electronic Starter