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Basic Electronic Components Guide

The document discusses several common basic electronic components: resistors, capacitors, LEDs, transistors, inductors, and integrated circuits. It provides a brief overview of what each component is and what it is used for, such as resistors being used to control voltage and current, capacitors being used to introduce time delays or remove noise, LEDs being used for visual feedback, transistors being used as switches, inductors being used in filters, and integrated circuits containing many shrunk electronic components in a single chip.

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103 views3 pages

Basic Electronic Components Guide

The document discusses several common basic electronic components: resistors, capacitors, LEDs, transistors, inductors, and integrated circuits. It provides a brief overview of what each component is and what it is used for, such as resistors being used to control voltage and current, capacitors being used to introduce time delays or remove noise, LEDs being used for visual feedback, transistors being used as switches, inductors being used in filters, and integrated circuits containing many shrunk electronic components in a single chip.

Uploaded by

Teki Chwe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A soldering iron is a hand tool used in soldering.

It supplies heat to melt solder so that it can flow into the joint between
two workpieces

The Most Common Basic Electronic Components

These are the most common components:

 Resistors
 Capacitors
 LEDs
 Transistors
 Inductors
 Integrated Circuits

Resistor

You’ll see resistors everywhere. And as the name suggests, they resist the current. Consume power.

You use the resistor to control the voltages and the currents in your circuit.

By using Ohm’s law.

Let’s say you have a 9V battery and you want to turn on a Light-Emitting Diode (LED).

If you connect the battery directly to the LED, LOTS of current will flow through the LED!

Much more that the LED can handle. So the LED will become very hot and burn out after a
short amount of time.

But – if you put a resistor in series with the LED, you can control how much current is going
through the LED.

In this case we call it a current limiting resistor.

Capacitor

You can think of a capacitor as a battery with very low capacity.

You can charge and discharge it just like a battery.

The capacitor is often used to introduce a time-delay in a circuit.

For example to blink a light.


It’s commonly used for removing noise, or making the supply voltage of a circuit more stable.

Read more about the capacitor in this article: How Does A Capacitor Work?

There are many capacitor types. Most commonly, we divide them into polarized and non-polarized capacitors.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A Light Emitting Diode – or LED for short – is a component that can give
light.

We use LEDs to give a visual feedback from our circuit.

For example to show that the circuit has power. But, you can also used them
to make cool light-show circuits.

You see these components everywhere:

In your laptop, on your mobile phone, on your camera, in your car +++

And you can find many different types of LEDs.

A very common circuit to build as a beginner is the blinking light circuit.

Transistor

A simple way is to look at the transistor as a switch controlled by an


electrical signal.

If you put about 0.7 volts between the base and the emitter, you turn it on.

Note that this is true for NPN transistors. There are also other types, but
worry about these later.

But, instead of having just two states (ON or OFF), it can also be “a bit on” by controlling the current that goes through its
base.

A bit of current on the base produces a current of maybe 100 times more (depending on the transistor) through the
Collector and Emitter. We can use this effect to build amplifiers.
Inductor

It’s just a coil of wire – and you can make one yourself by making some loops
out of a wire.

Sometimes they’re wound around a metal core of some sort.

They are often used in filters.

Integrated Circuit

An Integrated Circuit (IC) consists of many basic electronic components.

It’s nothing mysterious or magical.

It’s just an electronic circuit that has been shrunk to fit inside a chip.

It could be an amplifier, it could be a microprocessor, it could be a USB to serial


converter… It could be anything!

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