INSTITUITION: DEDAN KIMATHI UNIIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

COURSE: BSc ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

UNIT NAME: POWER SYSTEMS

UNIT CODE: EEE 4102

TASK: LAB REPORT ON DETERMINE THE ABCD, H, Z AND IMAGE PARAMETERS FOR
LONG TRANSMISSION LINE
NAMES REG NO
GEORGE MWONGELA E021-01-0445/2018
DANCAN OBWAMA E021-01-0451/2018
GIDEON KIPROP KIPKOECH E021-01-0826/2016
HERBERT KANGOR E021-01-0455/2018
ABRAHAM OUMA E021-01-0439/2018
REDEMPTER CHERONOH E021-01-0446/2018

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 4TH MARCH 2020

SUBMISSION DATE: 5TH APRIL 2020
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.
i. To determine the ABCD, H, Z and image parameters for long transmission line.
ii. To understand the performance of long transmission line under different loads with varies
resistive, inductive and capacitive load in different steps.
THEORY.
ABCD parameters (also known as chain or transmission line parameters) are generalized circuit
constants used to help mode transmission lines. More specifically, ABCD parameters are used in the
representation of a transmission line.

ABCD parameters and the two-port model is used to simplify the complex calculations arising from
analysis of power systems. Transmission lines are classified into three: short transmission lines,
medium transmission lines and the long transmission lines.
Long transmission lines are used to transmit power to distances that are over 250km. depending on the
length of the transmission line the ABCD parameter formula will change. In long transmission line
the consider the Ferranti effect. The ferranti effect is an phenomenon where the steady voltage at the
open end of an uncompensated transmission line is always higher than the voltage at the sending end.
It occours as a result of the capacitive charging current flowing through the inductance of the line and
resulting over voltage increases,

From hyperbolic functions sinh and cosh V(x) and I(x) becomes

The relationship between the sending end and the receiving end of the line is:
PROCEDURE.
The terminal 3 was connected to terminal 4. Terminal 2 connected to terminal 21. Sending end
voltage was measured by connecting terminals 4 and terminal 21 with Vs of Sending End. The
sending end current was measured by connecting terminal 4 and 5 with Is terminal of Sending End.
R1 was connected between terminal 5 and 6, L1 was connected between terminal 6 and 7. Terminal 7
was connected to terminal 8. Terminal 8 was connected to terminal 9 and terminal 22 was connected
to terminal 23.
Step 2.
The connection was made as Step 1. R4 resistor was connected between terminal 9 and terminal 10.
L4 inductor coil was connected between terminal 11 and terminal 10. Capacitor C2 was connected
between terminal 11 and terminal 24.
Step 3.
We added connection to Step1 and Step 2. R5 was connected between 11 and 12. L5 was connected
between terminal 12 and terminal 13. The line was expanded by connecting terminal 13 with 14,
terminal 14 with terminal 15 and terminal 25 with 26.
Step 4.
R6 was connected between terminal 15 and terminal 16. L6 was connected between terminal 16 and
terminal 17. Capacitor c4 was connected between terminal 17 and 18.
Step 5.
R7 was connected between terminal17 and 18. L7 was connected between 18 and 19. C5 was
connected between terminal 19 and 29. Receiving end voltage was measured by connecting the
terminal 20 and 30 with Vr of the Receiving End.
Receiving end current was measured by connecting terminal 19 and 20 with Ir terminal of the
Receiving End.
We short circuit the terminal 20 and 30. The sending end current and receiving end voltage were
measured with the help of switch S1, S2, S3. The variac knob was made to be at 220V. The power
supply was switched on. In short circuit the values of Vs, Is, I r and Vr were found to be zero.
The power supply was switched off and all patch cords disconnected.
LAB 5.
All connections were made as the open circuited of long transmission line.
The resistive load was connected from the Load Section between the output terminal 20 and 30 and
the power factor of sending and receiving ends was calculated. The mains cords to the panel was
connected and the power supply switched on.
With help of variac, the voltage was adjusted to 220V.
Resistive load.
Connections were made as the open circuited of long transmission line. Resistive load was connected
between output terminal 20 and terminal 30 from the load section and the power factor of receiving
and sending ends were calculated. The main cord to the panel was connected and the power supply
switched on, S3. Voltage was adjusted to 220V with help of variac knob.
Inductive load.
Connections were made as the open circuited of long transmission line. Inductive load was connected
between output terminal 20 and terminal 30 from the load section and the power factor of receiving
and sending ends were calculated. The main cord to the panel was connected and the power supply
switched on, S3. Voltage was adjusted to 220V with help of variac knob.
RL load series.
Connections were made as the open circuited of long transmission line. Resistive load was connected
between output terminal 20 and terminal 30 from the load section and the power factor of receiving
and sending ends were calculated. The main cord to the panel was connected and the power supply
switched on, S3. Voltage was adjusted to 220V with help of variac knob.
LC load parallel.
Connections were made as the open circuited of long transmission line. Resistive load was connected
between output terminal 20 and terminal 30 from the load section and the power factor of receiving
and sending ends were calculated. The main cord to the panel was connected and the power supply
switched on, S3. Voltage was adjusted to 220V with help of variac knob.
DATA ANALYSIS.
𝑉𝑠 220
Dimensionless coefficient(A) = =- 𝑉𝑟 = 407 = 0.5405
𝐼𝑠 0.440
Admittance (C) = =- 𝑉𝑟 = 407
=0.001081

Short circuit
𝐼𝑠 0.12
Dimensionless coefficient(D) = = = =0.5217
𝐼𝑟 0.23
𝐼𝑠 223
Impedance (B) = = =969.56
𝐼𝑟 0.23
𝑉𝑠 223 𝑉𝑠 220
Zsc = =
𝐼𝑠 0.12
= 1857.83 Zoc = 𝐼𝑠 = 0.44 = 500

Characteristic impedance (Zo) =√( ZSC *ZOC)

1857.83∗500
=√ = 963.80

𝑍 1857.83
Popagation constant = √ 𝑆𝐶 = √ = 1.927
𝑍 𝑂𝐶 500

H parameters
𝐵 969.56
= 𝐻11 =
= 1858.5
𝐷 0.5217
(𝐴𝐷 − 𝐵𝐶) (0.5484 × 0.5217 − 969.56 × 0.001081)
𝐻12 = = = −1.5
𝐷 0.5217
1 −1
𝐻21 = − = = −1.9168
𝐷 0.5217
𝐶 0.001081
𝐻22 = = = 0.00207
𝐷 0.5217
C) Z parameters
 𝐵 969.56
𝑍11 = = = 896910
𝐶 0.001081
(𝐴𝐷−𝐵𝐶) (0.5405×0.5217−(969.56×0.001081)
𝑍12 = = = -709.06
𝐶 0.001081
1 1
𝑍21 = = = 925.07
𝐶 0.001081

𝐷 0.5217
𝑍22 = = = 482.61
𝐶 0.001081
DATA PRESENTATION.
CONCLUSION.
The experiment was performed successfully and the ABCD , H parameters of long line were
determined. The ABCD, H and Z parameters are as follows:

ABCD parameters H parameters Z parameters Image

parameters
A 0.5405 H11 1858.5 Z11 896910 Zoc 500.00
B 969.56 H12 −1.5 Z12 −709.06 Zsc 1857.83
C 0.001081 H21 −1.9168 Z21 925.07 Zo 963.80
D 0.5217 H22 0.00207 Z22 482.61 ρ 1.927

REFERENCES.
i) Power System Analysis by John J. Grainger
ii) Modern Power Systems by D.P Kothari and I.J Granth
iii) Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals by Chapman, J. (2002).1st
Edition, McGraw-Hill