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Dynamic analysis and Design of G+ 8 storey RC structure by providing

lead rubber bearing as base isolation system
Savita C. Majage 1, Prof.N.P. Phadatare 2
1
Student of P.G., M.E.Civil,-Structures, Padmabhushan Vasantrao Dada Patil Institute of Technology, Budhgaon,
Shivaji University, Sangli, India.
2
Associate Professor, Civil Engg. Department, Padmabhushan Vasantrao Dada Patil Institute of Technology,
Budhgaon, Shivaji University, Sangli, India
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Abstract – Earthquake is most extreme condition of any so that the earthquake ground motion is not allowed to
building may be required to survive during its lifetime. Seismic reached the building”.
base isolation is a simple structural design approach to
minimize earthquake damage. These are very stiff in the This improves9 its response to an earthquake due to
vertical direction and can carry the vertical load of the additional means of energy dissipation by reducing the
building but are very flexible in horizontally, thereby enabling transmitting vibrations into the superstructure. Base
the building move laterally like a rigid mass under strong isolation not only reduces the seismic demand of structure,
ground motion. The main purpose of this study is to check the cost of structure, damages caused during the earthquake but
behaviour of the buildings in seismic zone by using lead rubber also it enhances the performance of structure under seismic
base isolation concept. and reduce the base shear, load and after the earthquake , safety of the structure and
displacement and lengthen the period of oscillation due to preservation of property system. The characteristics of
earthquake ground excitation, applied to the superstructure of proper designed seismic isolation systems should be its
the G+8 building by installing lead rubber isolation (LRB) at flexibility to increase period of vibration and thus reduce
the foundation level then compare the performance between force response and energy dissipation to control the
the fixed base condition and base isolated condition by using isolation system displacement through rigidity under low
SAP software. load levels such as wind and minor earthquakes.

Key Words: Fixed base, base isolation, lead rubber bearing,

Nonlinear Time history analysis, pushover analysis Software
SAP2000

SCOPE OF STUDY

The scope of this study is limited to design of lead rubber

bearing for G+8 building. Perform static pushover analysis
and nonlinear time history analysis for the Kobe ground
motion data. Compare the results with different seismic
parameters for fixed base structures and base isolated
structures.

1. INTRODUCTION

Base isolation is a passive control system; it does not require Fig.1 Effect of seismic (base) isolation on the response of a
any external force or energy for its activation. The term structure.
isolation refers to reduce interaction between structure and
the ground, when the seismic isolation system is located Lead rubber bearing
under the structure; it is referred as “base isolation”. It is a
system that may be defined as a flexible or sliding interface Lead rubber bearings were invented in New Zealand in 1975.
between a structure and its foundation, for the purpose of There are three main pieces of equipment, layers of steel
decoupling the horizontal motions of the ground from the plates, rubber layers and lead core, respectively. The layers
horizontal motions of the structure. “The principle of base of steel provide vertical stiffness and the layers of rubber
isolation is very simply it changes the response of the supply the device with high lateral flexibility. Lead core is the
building which allows moving the ground below the building device that will supply extra stiffness to the isolators and
appropriate damping to the system.
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8. Then Properties of Lead core rubber bearing are

calculated and these properties are used as link
properties for base isolation structure.

9. Then the Base Isolation Structure is analyzed and

10. Results are tabulated and discussed.

4. LITERATURE STUDY

Syed Ahmed Kabeer K. I. and Sanjeev Kumar K.S. (2014)

in this paper studied how to prevent loss during earthquake
Fig.2 Lead rubber bearing by using Base- isolation. The mechanism of the base isolator
increases the natural period of the overall structure, and
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT decreases its acceleration response to earthquake/seismic
motion. The study is based on to check for the adequacy of
The main objective of project is comparative study of fixed the base isolation against earthquake damage when
base and base isolated structures by dynamic analysis. The compared to the conventional earthquake resistant design. A
results were compared for Time period, Base shear, and building was analyzed using the equivalent lateral force
displacements and. The objective of the project is as method and response spectrum analysis as fixed base and as
explained below: isolated base with lead rubber bearing. In this paper they
did study for reinforced concrete structures to show the
1. To design the lead rubber bearing for G+8 RC frame by ultimate capacity of the selected bearing system, and to
using SAP2000.10 make a comparison for the difference between the isolated
base and the fixed base buildings. Finally they concluded
2. To increase the mode period of the lead rubber isolated
lead rubber bearing reduces significantly the displacement,
structure when compared to conventional building
moment and shear generated for the same. {ref.5}
3. To decrease the base shear and displacement of the lead
Sameer S. Shaikh and P.B. Murnal.(2015) In this paper A
rubber isolated structure when compared to
three story building is modeled to compare the response of
conventional building 9
the structure by using SAP2000. Time history analysis is
4. To study the effectiveness of providing Lead core rubber conducted for the 1994 Northridge and 1940 El-Centro
bearing for Kobe and superstition ground motion data. earthquakes. The analysis result shows that when isolator
position is shifting it significantly affects the response
5. Comparative study with different seismic parameters. quantities. It is possible to arrive at optimum location of the
isolator so as to get the maximum benefit of base isolation
3. METHODOLOGY {ref.9}.

1. The software used for analysis of a structure is SAP2000 Ajai Kumar Rai and Brajesh Mishra.(2017) In this paper
studied base isolation techniques, reviews of the current
2. The dynamic analysis is carried for structural analysis practices and past researches but also need of these
techniques by analyzing the earthquake data of the seven
3. The codes used are IS 1893 (PART I) 2016, UBC 1997, prominent cities/districts of the eastern Uttar Pradesh. This
IBC 2006. has been achieved by evaluating the each city/district by
existing civil engineering structures of cultural / historical /
4. Provisions Published by FEMA-451 (Federal Emergency archaeological importance, existing & pace of growth of high
Management Agency) in 2003 rise buildings, depth of alluvial soil over the soil/rock,
geological, geographical and topographical features and
5. The building is modelled first then the loads are applied
earthquake magnitude.{ref.11}
as per code provisions of IS 875 (Part II) Reaffirmed in
2008 for live and dead load. Venkatesh and Mr.arunkumar.H.R.(2016)In this paper
studied the designing of earthquake resistant structure.
6. Static pushover analysis and Non linear time history
Earthquake is one of major natural disaster in which many
analysis is carried out for the fixed base and lead rubber
structures damage and collapse due to improper design
isolated structures.
against seismic motion. Earthquake also affects the economy
7. After the analysis of a fixed base structure the maximum of the nation, so essential proper measures of prevention
axial load is noted from support reaction results. must be developed. There are many concepts of designing a

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building as earthquake resistant structure; the concept 7. MODELLING

studied in this project is base isolation. There are many types
of base isolation systems but lead rubber bearing (LRB) is Table.3 Model Details of G+8 Building
used as base isolation system in this project, LRB is most

widely used as isolation system for buildings. {ref.10} SR.NO. Particulars Description
1 Type Of Frame SMRF.
6. LOADING 2 Area 22.5 x 27 sq.m
Table.1 Seismic details as per IS 1893 Part 1:2016 3 No.of Storey's G+8
4 Height of storey 4m
Sr.No. Particulars Description 5 Height of building 36 m (class B)
1 Seismic Zone III 6 flexural members per floor 71
7 Compression members per floor 42
2 zone factor 0.16
8 No.of slabs per floor 30
3 Soil type Type II (Medium)
9 slab thickness 200 mm
4 Importance Factors 1.5 10 Size of column 300 x 900 mm
5 Response reduction Factor 5 11 Size of Beam 300 x 600 mm
6 Damping of the structure 5% 12 Wall thickness 230 mm
13 Concrete grade M30
7 Is code 1893 Part I 2016
14 Rebar grade Fe 500, Fe 415
8 Time History Superstition

Table.2 Wind load details as per IS 875 Part 3 1987

Sr.No. Particulars Description

1 Wind speed Vb 39 m/s
2 Terrain category 2
3 Importance factor 1.15
4 Risk coefficient (k1 factor) 1
5 Topography Factor (k3 factor) 1
6 Wind direction X and Y direction 00 &900

Live load = 3 KN/m2, Floor finish =1 KN/m2 Fig.3 G+8 3D Model

8. ANALYSIS OF MODEL
Super dead load - 0.23 X 20 X 3.4 = KN/m2
Non-linear Static Pushover Analysis (NSPA

The method is simple to implement and provides the

information about strength, deformation and ductility of the
structure as well as the demand. The pushover method
applies the analysis under permanent vertical is loads and
gradually increasing lateral load.

Time history analysis

Nonlinear time history analysis involves the computation of

dynamic response at each time increment with due
consideration given to the inelasticity in members. Nonlinear
analysis allows for flexural yielding (or other inelastic

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actions) and accounts for subsequent changes in strength 7. Yield displacement (DY)
and stiffness.
DY = we have, k1 = 10 K2...........Thumb rule for lead
9. DESIGN OF LEAD RUBBER BEARING
rubber bearing by J.M Kelly
1) Maximum support reaction
DY =
After analysis of fixed base building maximum
support reaction is noted.
8. Calculation of area and diameter of lead plug yield
Max. Support reaction = 1015.04 KN strength of lead is around 10 Mpa the

Effective isolation Time period = 2π Area of lead plug needed for entire isolation is,

ApB =
2π = 2 sec
Diameter of lead plug d
2 Calculate design displacement (Dd) = =60mm

Assume Design time period TD= 2 sec 9. Total thickness of Rubber layer (tr)

tr = where v = 100% (maximum shear strain of

rubber)

tr =
3. Energy dissipated per cycle (WD)
10. Area of Bearing
WD = 2π.keff. DD2.Beff

2π × 1021.2 × 0.2682 × 0.05 = 23.04KN.m ALRB =

4. Force at design displacement characteristic

11. Diameter of Bearing
Strength Qd
QLRB = A × 0.359 × 0.676m

S = D/4t = 0.646/0.02*4 = 8.45

5 Effective stiffness of isolator (Ke)
Provide 20 mm thk 14 rubber bearing

12. Dimension of lead rubber bearing (LRB)

Let, thickness of shim plates be 2.8mm

x = 1021.2 KN/m
No. of shim plates = (14-1) = 13
6 Stiffness in Rubber
End plate thickness is between 25mm
K2 =
Total height (rubber+ shim + end plates) = 0.02* 14

+13*0.0028+2*0.025 = 0.366 m

After above calculation properties required for SAP is

Where, = stiffness of lead core calculated are listed below.

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Properties for analysis in SAP 2000 Results obtained from pushover analysis

U1 Linear Effective Stiffness = 10600000000 N/m

U2 and U3 Linear Effective Stiffness = 1018112.85/m

U2 and U3 Nonlinear Stiffness = 9940970 N/m

U2 and U3 Yield strength = 23858.328N

U2 and U3 Post Yield stiffness ratio 0.095

Damping = 5%.

In SAP2000 an isolator link assigned to each column at the

foundation level as a single joint element to connect the
superstructure to the ground. Lead rubber Bearing links
were applied as link of rubber isolator. The behavior of link Graph 1: Capacity curve of G+8 storey building with &
elements in SAP2000 is defined in the Link/Support without LRB
Property. Directional properties U1, U2, U3, R1, R2, and R3
are mechanical behavior in six directions. The properties for Results obtained from time history analysis
axial deformation (U1) is linear only, shear deformations
(U2, U3) are linear and nonlinear. And torsional deformation
(R) about U1 is linear only. Rotations above U2 and U3 are
(R2 & R3) are linear only.

Table 4. Lead Rubber Bearing details

SR.NO Parameters G+8

1 Diameter of Bearing 676 mm
2 Thickness of individual rubber layer 20mm
3 Numbers of rubber layer 14
4 Thickness of individual steel plates 2.8mm
5 Numbers of steel plates 13 Graph 2: Displacement profile of G+ 8 storey building for
Kobe ground motion data
6 Thickness of top and bottom steel 25mm
plates
7 Total height of bearing 366mm
8 Diameter of lead core 60mm

9. RESULT OBTAINED FROM SOFTWARE SAP2000

All results are computed after analysis of model in software

SAP2000.

Table 5. Time period

Storey Fixed base building Lead rubber isolated

building
Graph 3: Displacement profile of G+ 8 storey building for
G+8 Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 1 Mode 2 superstition ground motion data
1.60455 1.01441 4.27183 3.53122

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Storey drift of structure 5. It can be concluded that the performance of base

isolated structure is efficient in seismic prone areas.

7. REFERENCES

1. Sarvesh K. Jain, Shashi K. Thakkar, “Application of base

isolation for flexible buildings” 13th World Conference
on Earthquake Engineering. (August1-6-2004)
Vancouver, B.C.Canada, Paper No. 1924.

2. Radmila B. Salic,MihailA.Garevski, Zoran V. Milutinovic,

“Response of lead-rubber bearing isolated structure”
The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
October (12-17- 2008) Beijing, China.October 12-17-
2008, Beijing, China.

3. Pan Wen, SunBaifeng, “Two step design method for base

Graph 4: Inter Story Drift of G+8 Story with LRB for Kobe
isolation structures “The 14thWorld Conference on
Ground motion data.
Earthquake Engineering.(Oct.12-17-2008)
[email protected] Beijing, China.

4. K.S.Sable, J.S.Khose, V.P.Kulkarni, “Comparison of

Different Bearing Types Performance in Multistoried
Building” (2012), The 14thWorld Conference on
Earthquake Engineering.(April 2012) ISSN: 2277-
3754,Volume 1, Issue 4.

5. Syed Ahmed Kabeer K I , Sanjeev Kumar K.S,

“Comparison of Two Similar Buildings with and without
Base Isolation Syed”International Journal of Advance
research , (oct. 2014) Issue 1

6. T. Subramani1, J. Jothi , M. Kavitha, “Earthquake Analysis

of Structure by Base Isolation Technique in SAP” Journal
Graph 4: Inter Story Drift of G+8 Story with LRB for of Engineering Research and Applications.(June
superstition Ground motion data. 2014)ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, ( Version 5), pp.296-305

10. CONCLUSION 7. Fazilali K, “Analysis of RC Framed Structure Using Base

Isolation Techniques by Use of Elastomeric Bearing
From the comparative study of fixed base and base isolation “International Journal for Scientific Research &
methods by using lead rubber bearing the following Development (2014),Vol. 2, Issue 09, ISSN (online):
conclusions are made: 2321-0613

1. Time periods are increased which increases reaction 8. S.Keerthana, K. Sathish Kumar, K. Balamonica,
time of a structure during earthquake. D.S.Jagannathan, “Seismic Response Control Using Base
Isolation Strategy” International Journal of Emerging
2. Base shear reduced after the lead rubber bearing (LRB) Technology and Advanced Engineering. (June 2014)
is provided as base isolation system which reduces the ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Volume 4, Special Issue
seismic effect on building. 4,

3. It is observed that when increasing the number of a 9. Sameer S. Shaikh1, P.B. Murnal,“Base Isolation at
story maximum storey displacement is becomes Different Levels in Building “Journal of Civil Engineering
considerable. and Environmental Technology. April-June- 2015, Print
ISSN: 2349-8404; Online ISSN: 2349-879X; Volume 2,
4. From nonlinear analysis displacement of base isolated Number 10, pp. 54-58.
building reduced to 25% over the fixed base building.
Base shear get reduces 67% and storey drift is get 10. Venkatesh, Mr.arunkumar.H.R, “Dynamic analysis of 11
reduces up to 50 - 60%. storey RC structure by providing lead rubber bearing as

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

base isolation system “International Research Journal of Miss. Savita C.Majage.1 Is a

Engineering and Technology (IRJET)(July-2016)e-ISSN: master of structural engineering
2395 -0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072,Volume: 03 Issue: 07. at Padmabhushan Vasantrao dada
patil institute of technology.
11. Ajai Kumar Rai , Brajesh Mishra, “A critical review on
Budhgaon, Sangli.
base isolation techniques for its application as earth
quake resistant buildings with particular
need/adherence in eastern uttarpradesh” international
journal of engineering sciences & research technology.
(February-2017) ISSN: 2277-9655, Impact Factor:
4.116, CODEN: IJESS7, Value: 3.00.
Asso.Prof. N.P.Phadtare2 Is an
3. Standard Codes associate Prof. at Padmabhushan
Vasantrao dada patil institute of
1. IS 1893-2016 “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant technology, Budhgaon, Sangli.
Design of building”

2. IS 456:2000, “Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of

Practice”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
2000.

3. IS 875 1987 “code of practice for design loads (other

than earthquake) for buildings and structures part 3
wind Loads”

4. UBC, “Uniform Building Code Vol 2”, International

Conference of Building Officials, USA, 1997.

4. Books

1. Agarwal P., Shrikhande M., “Earthquake Resistant

Design of Structures”

2. Chopra A. K., “Dynamics of structures Theory and

Application to Earthquake Engineering”

3. Design Guidelines For Base Isolation of Structures by

Trevor E Kelly

4. “Earthquake-Resistant Design of Building

Structures” by Dr Vinod Hosur

5. “Earth-quake Resistant Design of Structures” by S K

Duggal

BIOGRAPHIES

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