“4-1 Introduction to Articles (env ok) met ne teacher (the Peril teacher) 4.2 Types of Articles () Indefinite Articles (tt) Definite Article Tatars» snl noun which unable (Le of wh there i more Wat re. hr thse rhe pore Aa ey ae tame pene ‘ire ron pret (2) en aad a nominee of aac, Scanned with CamScannerfg tits . ‘The bag is mode of oper 2. Berore surat nouns 44. Imcertain phrases contig of paposton fond by 3 P04" He mas no workin hana ‘We wl 9 by land and 0tby water. Definite article (The) Dette Arce thes use, 1 Before 9 noun, when the noun ie known (tothe reader oF Istene) "The can be used before any foun, or wheter Is @ singular crural time orthereaderlstenee knows which oe Is eee. Fought «house in el. The howe i na rural a8 Gu har the pon (e.the pen we were taking abot, Which you baronet ee) {ena noon and quali suchas 2 relate cause or 2 prepositional pase He nod no es about the story of nd. ‘The book thot t recommended now cst eighty rupees. Serore a singular courable noun which represents # while class of hing fy favourite wore he rose. “The whole the farges marynal nthe wort 66. Before a member of 9 certain group of people. ‘The small shopkeepers nding Ife nreasinaly et. in superave adjective which make a noun definite She told tm te latest new ofall he cron. He Is the ceaverest Hor sme dass. 8, Before adjectives used as nuns {tthe auty of the young to support “Te sick ware shown mercy: ‘aman the pie. 10. th proper aun fering to geographies 12, Before names of sous whos names nude an cece lone by 8 “he United State of Aare, he United Aa mates, Tre Spanish ve n Span 18, befor» proper nun when qualified By an ase. 15; before crn expression fine "Toe doy tore, Oe doy ater, the wen ater nt the pes mating ‘omission of the Definite Artic ‘The definite aril snot used. 7 1) econ therm of guages Ue 25M fam lebing to spe Han. se reac ail used fee word fr the language acre Teaniegt Scanned with CamScanner(Wm expressions for means of travel used genera By at, by bus, by rl by sea, eee Note: When we are more specie wear sed a He has to catch the mening tain {0 Before names of gomes, 96 He plays football (0) Before abstract nouns except when they are usd ia parte sense, But : The death of his father adversely fete (0) fre plural nouns used for @ whole as Care have become very expensive. {Elephants are quite intetigent. (1) Before the names of meats. We had porridges for breakfast. But we had the wedding breakfast inher house (wi) In contain other expressions. ‘Athome, on fot, on loan 0 tp. (ox Before bed, church, cout, hospital, prison, school, college, university, when these places are visited or ured for thal primary purpose people 90 ® bes to sleep to hospital es patents, to church to pray, to prison 25 prisoners Court a5 Iigants, to school te study. When these places are visited or used for other purposes, the i used. He went tothe church to meet the ast: ‘She went tothe schoo to pay her son's fees. Repetition of Articles 1. When two or more connected nouns refers tothe same person or things the rile fs normelly used before the fist only : but when two or mo Connected nouns refer to diferent persons or things, the article Is used before each. (i) The principal and secretary was present. (the posts of principal and secretary are held by one person, and Ne was preset) (i) The principal and the secretary were present (The posts of principal and secretary are held by two diferent persons ‘and bath were present) smn When two or mae adletives uaty the same noun, te eile axed before te tt cjectve ony: but when they eu rent yous te site uses beter ach avec. : (0) Wenoves bac on wee We ave ne co whch ry ch (Were two cate Ona i and eri white 3 Me ate es ee no tn ane ees eaeet (Tend te ect on te pti lee 0 ee (@)apseen nasa goers tata an oor da mathemati A evi. seo Tie the Tie and few, afew, the few ‘Ute ie an he tee) are sed wih nesta ows Ff ar the fo (ajtves arsed fore cout ra ee feo pope few oop, te few pecs (@) Lie has a negative meaning ‘nary ay (©) Alte denote » small amount. ‘Aer the fone there wast ic Inthe house (o Tete means a small amount but whole of he ite ree which wap avalible ater he fine was gen 19 te cen. “ye eame pine epee wf, ew ar he ew when ee] ev tonne (ara any tonnes) hae such spend as. fur cutnmers are per, nya ew fhe have Bank ous “The few peole who have Bank acts are erst_ 4.1.8 Solved Examples In te blanks with appropriate articles 1 reagan amazing try test ish 2. They fished a wnt rr Scanned with CamScannera a __—testestenar# He is an honest employee. ; The price of gas keeps rising. Wordsworth wrote @ poem on nature. I saw a movie last night. The speed of this car was 160 miles an hour. That is the problem I told you about. Tneed a blue pen. . I think the man over there is very unfriendly. - Let's sing a song. - She owns a dozen of the textile companies. . He is a Valmiki of present era. . I would like a piece of cake. . They haven't got an idea. - They are staying at a hotel. - We have to move towards the forest. . I live in an apartment. . He-is the best friend of mine. . The dog is a faithful animal. - At college he was a union leader. . I'saw an elephant in the zoo. ; In few years he become the richest merchant. - An umbrella is of no use in thunderstorm, . This place is a happy place to live in. R. K. Narayan created an imaginary town, Malgudi, in his writings. . She is an untidy girl, . The Titanic disappeared in the sea, j 29, Sarojini Naidu is called the Nightingale of India, 1.1.4 Exercise Exercise (i) (il) (iii) (iv) England is @ European country. This world is a happy place to live in, My father has presented me with a bike on my birthday, R. K. Narayana created an imaginary town, Scanned with CamScannerEnglish 1:9 ___ Application of Grammar (v) Sarojini Naidu is called the nightingale of India. (vi) To get something out of a heat register add an empty paper towel roll to your vacuum. (If you seal an envelope and realize you forgot to include something just place (it ina freezer. (viii) An insect responsible for maximum human deaths worldwide is the mosquito. (ix) A huge underground river runs underneath the Nile. (x) Wearing headphones for just an hour will increase the bacteria in your ear by 700 times, Ukxi) She is an untidy girl. (xii) He is the student who won the first prize. (xii) She was the best singer of the evening. (xiv) He likes to play the flute. (xv) The Titanic disappeared in the sea. (xvi) The Sahara desert is the largest desert on earth. (xvii) _ She likes to play the piano. (xviii) ‘The sun was shining brightly. (xix) There is a hotel at the end of this road. (xx) At college he was a union leader. (xxi) My friend has becorne a politician. (xxii) The book that we bought yesterday is very interesting. (xxiii) He was immediately rushed to the hospital. (xxiv) The concrete used here is called "lean" concrete. (xxv) _ Ganga is a holy river for the Hindus. Scanned with CamScanner