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Binomial Theorem Explained

The binomial theorem describes the expansion of powers of binomial expressions of the form (a + b)^n, where a and b are numbers and n is a non-negative integer. It states that the expansion will have n + 1 terms with coefficients given by the binomial coefficients. The binomial coefficients are properties of the binomial expansion and follow certain relationships. The multinomial theorem generalizes this to expressions with more than two terms. The binomial theorem has applications in areas like probability and number theory.

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73 views1 page

Binomial Theorem Explained

The binomial theorem describes the expansion of powers of binomial expressions of the form (a + b)^n, where a and b are numbers and n is a non-negative integer. It states that the expansion will have n + 1 terms with coefficients given by the binomial coefficients. The binomial coefficients are properties of the binomial expansion and follow certain relationships. The multinomial theorem generalizes this to expressions with more than two terms. The binomial theorem has applications in areas like probability and number theory.

Uploaded by

Arya Nair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BINOMIAL THEOREM

1. Statement of Binomial theorem : If a, b ∈ R and n ∈ N, then


n
n n
(a + b) = C0 a b + C1 a n 0 n n–1 1
b + C2 a n n–2 2
b +...+ Cr a n n–r r n
b +...+ Cn a b = 0 n ∑
r =0
n
Cr an −r b r

n n n n 2 n r n n
(1 + x) = C0 + C1 x + C2 x +... + Cr x +...+ Cn x

2. Properties of Binomial Theorem :

(i) The number of terms in the expansion is n + 1.


(ii) The sum of the indices of a and b in each term is n.
(iii) The binomial coefficients (n C0, nC1 .......... nCn) of the terms equidistant from the beginning and
the end are equal, i.e. n C0 = n Cn , n C1 = n Cn–1 etc. {Q nCr = nCn–r}

(iv) General term : T r+1 = n Cr an–r br


(v) Middle term (s) :
n+2
(a) If n is even, there is only one middle term, which is   th term.
 2 
 n + 1 n+1 
(b) If n is odd, there are two middle terms, which are   th and  + 1 th terms.
 2   2 
(vi) Numerically greatest term in the expansion of (x + y) , n ∈ N
n

 (n + 1) | y |  (n + 1) | y |
Let r =  | x | + | y |  . If | x | + | y | is not an integer, then t r + 1 is numerically greatest.
 
(n + 1) | y |
If | x | + | y | is an integer, then t r = t r + 1 and both are numercally greatest.

∑
n!
3. Multinomial Theorem : (x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ........... x k)n = x 1r1 . x r22 ...x rkk
r1 +r2 +...+ rk =n
r1! r2 !... rk !

n+k–1
Here total number of terms in the expansion = Ck–1
4. Application of Binomial Theorem :

If ( A + B) = Ι + f where Ι and n are positive integers, n being odd and 0 < f < 1 then (Ι + f)
n

f = kn where A – B2 = k > 0 and A – B < 1.


If n is an even integer, then (Ι + f) (1 – f) = kn
5. Properties of Binomial Coefficients :
n
(i) C0 + n C1 + n C2 + ........+ n Cn = 2n
n
(ii) C0 – n C1 + n C2 – n C3 + ............. + (–1)n n Cn = 0
n
(iii) C0 + n C2 + n C4 + .... = n C1 + n C3 + n C5 + .... = 2n–1

n
n n n+1
Cr n −r +1
(iv) Cr + Cr–1 = Cr (v) n =
Cr −1 r

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