HT lab report file
19112043 Jayesh Kumar Verma
Group one
Exp-4 Newton's law of cooling
AIM:
1. The aim of the experiment is to verify Newton's Law of Cooling of different materials and
different liquids.
2. To draw the cooling curve.
Apparatus Used:
Copper calorimeter
Stirrer
Wooden box with a clamp and stand
A wooden lid having a hole in the middle.
Thermometer
Stop watch
Hot water of about 80 °C
Diagram:
Figure i-Diagram of Full Process Simulation.
Theory:
According to Newton’s Law of Cooling, the rate of cooling of a body is directly proportional to the
difference in temperatures of the body (T) and the surrounding (T 0), provided difference in
temperature should not exceed by 300C.
From the above statement,
For a body of mass m, specific heat s, and temperature T kept in surrounding of temperature T0;
Now, the rate of cooling,
Hence,
Since the mass and the specific heat of the body are taken as constants, the rate of change of
temperature with time can be written as,
The above equation explains that, as the time increases, the difference in temperatures of the body
and surroundings decreases and hence, the rate of fall of temperature also decreases.
It can be graphically represented as,
Procedure:
Procedure for Simulator:
Select the material of the calorimeter from the drop-down list.
Select the radius of the calorimeter using the slider.
Select the mass of the calorimeter using the slider.
Select the liquid sample from the drop-down list.
Select the temperature of the preheated liquid using the slider.
Select the room temperature using the slider.
Mass of the liquid is fixed as 250 g.
Click on the ‘START’ button on the timer to start/stop the experiment.
Click on the ‘Show cross section’ button to view the cross-section area.
Click on the ‘Show graph’ button to view the graph.
To redo the experiment, click on the ‘Reset’ button.
Procedure for Real Lab:
Fill about 2/3rd of the copper calorimeter containing stirrer with hot water of about 80 °C.
Place the calorimeter inside the wooden box. The space between the wooden box and
calorimeter is filled with cotton to avoid heat loss.
Close the wooden box with its lid.
Suspend the thermometer inside the hot water in the calorimeter from the clamp and stand.
Stir water continuously to make it cool uniformly.
When the temperature of hot water falls to 70°C, start the stop watch.
Note the temperature reading at every five minutes.
Continue the time temperature observation till the temperature becomes constant.
Plot a graph between time along X-axis and temperature along Y-axis. This graph is called the
cooling curve.
The graph is an exponential curve and it shows that the temperature falls quickly at the
beginning and then slowly as the difference of temperature goes on decreasing. This verifies the
Newton’s Law of cooling.
Observations:
Mass of liquid: 250 g
Specific heat capacity of Water: 4.19 KJ/KgK
For Brass & Water:
Specific heat capacity of calorimeter: 0.38 KJ/KgK
Heat transfers co-efficient: 109 W/mK
Radius= 4 cm
Mass of Calorimeter= 61 g
Liquid Sample= Water
Preheated Temperature(T)= 62 ̊C
Room Temperature(T0) = 24 ̊C
For Copper & Water:
Specific heat capacity of calorimeter: 0.39 KJ/KgK
Heat transfers co-efficient: 401 W/mK
Radius= 3.5 cm
Mass of Calorimeter= 66 g
Liquid Sample= Water
Preheated Temperature(T)= 58 ̊C
Room Temperature(T0) = 28 ̊C
For Aluminum & Water:
Specific heat capacity of calorimeter: 0.91 KJ/KgK
Heat transfers co-efficient: 250 W/mK
Radius= 2.5 cm
Mass of Calorimeter= 67 g
Liquid Sample= Water
Preheated Temperature(T)= 60 ̊C
Room Temperature(T0) = 27 ̊C
For Silver & Water:
Specific heat capacity of calorimeter: 0.23 KJ/KgK
Heat transfers co-efficient: 429 W/mK
Radius= 3 cm
Mass of Calorimeter= 63 g
Liquid Sample= Water
Preheated Temperature(T)= 61 ̊C
Room Temperature(T0) = 28 ̊C
Graph:
For Brass & Water:
For Copper & Water:
For Aluminum & Water:
For Silver & Water:
Result:
The cooling curve of the liquid is plotted.
The temperature falls quickly in the beginning and then slowly as the difference of
temperature goes on decreasing.
This is in agreement with Newton’s Law of cooling.
