ATBQ2122 QUANTITY SURVEYING PRACTICE 1 – LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION
What is ‘Construction’?
• Construction refers to the processes of building
physical structures and related activities.
• The end products are site-specific and for each
product the processes involved commissioning,
design, management and assembly of resources –
human, finance and materials over a period of time.
• Construction encompasses all types of new facilities or
buildings, all civil engineering works and the repair
and maintenance of existing structures.
INTRODUCTION
Two (2) Acts in Malaysia gives definition of Construction -
CIDB 1994 & Town Planning Act 1971
CIDB defines :
Construction works - means the construction, extension,
installation, repair, maintenance, renewal, removal,
renovation, alteration, dismantling or demolition of:
(a) any building, erection, edifice, structure, wall, fence
or chimney, whether constructed wholly or partly
above or below ground level;
(b) any road, harbour works, railway, cableway, canal or
aerodrome;
INTRODUCTION
(c) any drainage, irrigation or river control works;
(d) any electrical, mechanical, water, gas, petrochemical
or telecommunication works; or
(e) any bridge, viaduct, dam, reservoir, earthworks,
pipeline, sewer, aqueduct, culvert, drive, shaft, tunnel or
reclamation works, and includes any works which form
an integral part of, or are preparatory to or temporary for
the works described in paragraphs (a) to (e), including
site clearance, soil investigation and improvement,
earth-moving, excavation, laying of foundation, site
restoration and landscaping.
THE CHARACTERISTIC
The characteristic of construction:
• The product is unique
• The final process is in-situ
• The setting up of ad-hoc team
• Fragmentation of works, roles and responsibilities
• Expose to Risks
THE BUILDING PROCESS
• The implementation of a project is a lengthy operation
requiring a myriad of resources and a host of variables.
• The RIBA (Royal Institution of British Architect) had
organized the building processes into 7 key stages
which is known as the ‘RIBA Plan of Work 2013’.
• The intention of such Plan of Work:
– To define a systematic plan of work for design team
– To assist the management in projects
– As a basis for control of office procedures
THE BUILDING PROCESS
THE BUILDING PROCESS
THE BUILDING PROCESS
THE PROCESS
Stage of Description
work
Strategic • The client’s decision to build
Definition • Identify client's Business Case and Strategic Brief and other core
project requirements.
• Initial considerations for assembling the project team - appointment
of administratives organisation, architect and other members of the
design team.
• An estimate of the project cost is discussed, but is not fixed as long
as there are still changes to the client’s needs.
THE PROCESS
Stage of work Description
Preparation • Two key activities involved:
& Brief 1) Feasibility study – a proposal to determine whether a
project is viable or feasible from business, technical and
social points of view
2) Preparation of project brief - a statement of needs of the
client, how the propose facility will be used, define the
client’s requirements in terms of concept, time, cost and
functionality.
• Cost control systems needs to be established in order to produce a
realistic first estimate, known as the cost limit. Cost limit is usually
determined by one of the following methods:
a) Client provide cost estimate, consultant confirm the
estimate.
b) Consultant provide an estimate.
THE PROCESS
Stage of work Description
Concept • It is a process of translating the requirements of the client into
Design basic design form in terms of shape, size and functions.
• The site has been surveyed.
• Architect begin to consider the various alternative ways in which
the building can be designed and constructed, having regard to soil
conditions, type of foundation, constructional form and costs.
• Outline Proposal and general approach on design, layout and
construction method is determined.
• Quantity Surveyor gives general guidance on costs, evaluates the
financial effect of different solutions to any specific design problem
and prepares an Initial Cost Plan.
THE PROCESS
Stage of work Description
Developed • The production of detailed drawings and specification, describing
Design each elements so that it may be constructed.
• Sketch plans finalized and working details are prepared and should
be approved by the client to avoid possibility of future alterations.
• Quantity Surveyor will carry out comparative cost study on
different forms of construction, materials, components and
services layout.
• Comparative cost studies include probable running and
maintenance costs which have significant effect on the outcome.
• Quantity Surveyor will also need to establish detail cost plan and
breakdown cost into elements and confirm on final budget.
THE PROCESS
THE PROCESS
Stage of work Description
Technical • This is the stage where all the major systems of the projects are
Design specified, detailed and integrated into the final project proposal.
• It is to include all architectural, structural and building services
information, specialist subcontractor’s design and specification.
• The presence of detailed drawings and specification permits the
QS to prepare accurate estimate and detailed quantities based on
Approximate Quantities method.
• Continuous cost check is required as part of the cost-monitoring
activity - if the budget is likely to be or is exceeded the Cost Limit,
remedial action must be taken.
• BQ & tender document is prepared and tenderers are invited.
THE PROCESS
Stage of work Description
Construction • Building contract let and contractor appointed.
• Production information issued to the contractor.
• Site is handed over to the contractor
• Contractor programmes the work in accordance with the contract
and commences work on site.
• The client or their representative administers the building
contract up to and including practical completion.
• Further information supplied to the contractor as and when
reasonably required.
• Prepare cost report / interim valuation.
THE PROCESS
Stage of work Description
Handover and • Once the project is completed, it needs to be handed over to the
Close out client for occupation.
• The contractor is responsible for any repair works throughout the
defect period of the project. Prior to hand-over to the client, it is
necessary that the project is inspected and the Certificate of
Completion and Compliance (CCC) is issued by the Professional
Architect or Professional Engineer acting in the capacity of
Principal Submitting Person (PSP).
• The quantity surveyor will carry out final duty that is the
preparation of the statement of account and final account of the
project.
THE PROCESS
Stage of work Description
In-use • Conclude activities listed in Handover Strategy including Post-
occupancy Evaluation (if required).
• Evaluation undertaken post-occupancy to determine whether the
Project Outcomes (both subjective and objective) set out in the
Final Project Brief have been achieved.
• Updating of Project Information, as required, in response to
ongoing client Feedback until the end of the building’s life.
