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Advanced Sequence Convergence

1. This document contains 20 problems related to sequences and limits for an Engineering Mathematics II course. The problems cover topics such as finding limits of sequences, determining convergence using the epsilon-N definition, discussing convergence of recursively and explicitly defined sequences, and properties of convergent sequences. 2. Several problems involve analyzing sequences for convergence and determining their limits, including sequences with terms defined by formulas, recursively, as subsequences, and as the limit of a sum. Other problems prove properties of convergent sequences, such as every subsequence also converging to the same limit. 3. The document provides students with practice applying concepts of sequence and limit theory, helping to reinforce their understanding of determining convergence, finding limits,

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117 views2 pages

Advanced Sequence Convergence

1. This document contains 20 problems related to sequences and limits for an Engineering Mathematics II course. The problems cover topics such as finding limits of sequences, determining convergence using the epsilon-N definition, discussing convergence of recursively and explicitly defined sequences, and properties of convergent sequences. 2. Several problems involve analyzing sequences for convergence and determining their limits, including sequences with terms defined by formulas, recursively, as subsequences, and as the limit of a sum. Other problems prove properties of convergent sequences, such as every subsequence also converging to the same limit. 3. The document provides students with practice applying concepts of sequence and limit theory, helping to reinforce their understanding of determining convergence, finding limits,

Uploaded by

aumogh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dept.

of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, NITK, Surathkal


Engineering Mathematics II (Even 2020-2021)

Problem Sheet 1

1. Find the limit of the following sequences whose nth term is given by the formula
(−1)n 2n 2n2 + 3
(i) (ii) (iii)
n+1 3n2 + 1 3n2 + 1
2. Show that the sequences given in question 1 converges to the corresponding limits
by  − N definition.

3. Discuss the convergence of the sequence (an ) defined recursively by


an
(i) a1 = 1, an+1 = 2 − 3an , n = 1, 2, . . . (ii) a1 = 1 and an+1 = 1+an
, n = 1, 2, . . ..

4. Let a1 = 2, an+1 = 21 (an + 2


), n = 1, 2, . . . Show that (an ) is decreasing and
√ an
bounded below by 2.

5. Find the limit of the sequence


r q
n√ q √ √ o
2, 2 2, 2 2 2, . . . .

 n  1/n
1 3n + 1
6. Find the limit of (i) an = 1 + (ii) an = .
n 3n − 1
 n
x
7. For any real number x, show that converges.
n!

8. Show that log n



nc
→ 0 for any c > 0.

9. Give an example of a continuous function f (x) and a sequence (an ) such that f (an )
converges but (an ) diverges.

10. Discuss the convergence of √ √


2
(i) sin2n n (ii) 2nn!3n (iii) nn!n (iv) n1/n (v) n − n + 1.

11. Give an example of a sequence (an ) of positive numbers which converges but the
sequence (bn ) diverges where bn = an+1
an
.

12. Prove that if {an } is a convergent sequence, then to every positive number  there
corresponds an integer N such that for all m and n, m > N and n > N ⇒
|am − an | < .

13. Let a1 = a, a2 = f (a1 ), a3 = f (a2 ) = f (f (a)), . . . , an+1 = f (an ), where f is a


continuous function. If limn→∞ an = L, show that f (L) = L.

14. Prove that if a sequence (an ) converges to a limit L, then every subsequence of (an )
also converges to L.
15. For a sequence (an ) the terms of even index are denoted by a2k and the terms of
odd index by a2k−1 . Prove that if a2k → L and a2k−1 → L, then an → L.

16. Define the sequences {an } and {bn } as follows:

an + b n p
0 < b1 < a1 , an+1 = and bn+1 = an bn for n ∈ N.
2
Show that {an } and {bn } both tend to the same limit. This limit is called the
arithmetic-geometric mean of a1 and b1 .

17. Let the sequence (an ) be defined by an = lim [x]+[2x]+...+[nx]


n2
, where x is a real
n→∞
number. Is this sequence convergent? If so, what is the limit?

18. Show that the sequence {(1 + 1/n)n } is a monotone increasing sequence, bounded
above.

19. Let {bn } be a bounded sequence which satisfies the condition bn+1 ≥ bn − 21n , n ∈ N.
Show that the sequence {bn } is convergent.

20. For c > 2, the sequence {pn } is defined recursively by p1 = c2 , pn+1 = (pn −c)2 , n > 1.
Show that the sequence (pn ) strictly increases.
[Hint. By induction, first prove that pn > 2c.]

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