Different database systems:

First generation database systems: Dbase, Clipper, FoxBASE, FoxPro

Third generation database systems: SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase etc belong to this category

Big commercial ones:

Despite heavy competition from other vendors such as Microsoft and IBM, Oracle has maintained its lead
in the enterprise database market.

Oracle timeline:

1977: Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates founded s/w development labs to undertake development
work

1978: Oracle Version 1 was developed, written in assemble language. But it was never officially released.
1979: Oracle Version 2 was released as the first commercial one, and was sold to the Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base in Ohio, USA. The company changed name to RSI
1982: RSI renamed to Oracle Corporation
1983: Oracle version 3, re-written in C, ran on multiple platforms and greater compatibility.
1984: Oracle version 4, features include read consistency.
1985: Oracle version 5, first one that worked in client server environment.
1986: With version 5.1, Oracle introduces database clustering, distributed queries.
1988: Oracle version 6 released. It includes row-level locking, hot backup and pl/sql as main features
1992: Version 7 released. It provides better, administrative utilities, app development tools, security
features, stored procedures, triggers etc..
1995: Oracle announces an internet strategy.
1997: Oracle 8 released with SQL object technology, internet technology.
1999: Version 8i, supports standards like XML and provides JVM
2000: Version 9i, allows oracle to run on RAC.
2003: Version 10g released, g stands for grid
2007: Version 11g released, includes a lot of new features.
IBM:
IBM release Information Management System (IMS) in 1966, IMS was the first commercially available
DBMS. IMS was considered a hierarchical database.

But the next major database mgnt breakthrough came in 1970 when a scientist at IBM, Dr. E f Codd, first
outlined his theory for relational databases.

System R  is a database system built as a research project at IBM in the 1970s, precursor of (SQL),
first system to demonstrate that a relational database management system could provide good transaction
processing performance.

SQL  developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce in the 1970s, initially
called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data
stored in IBM's original quasi-relational database management system, System R, The acronym SEQUEL
was later changed to SQL because "SEQUEL" was a trademark of the UK-based Hawker
Siddeley aircraft company.

Then came DB2.

DB2 has a long history and is the first database product to use SQL. The name DB2 was first given to
the in 1983 when IBM released it..

In the mid-1990s, IBM released a clustered DB2 implementation called DB2 Parallel Edition,
which initially ran on AIX. This edition allowed scalability by providing a shared nothing
architecture, in which a single large database is partitioned across multiple DB2 servers that
communicate over a high-speed interconnect

In 1996, IBM announced DB2 Universal Database (UDB) Version 5 for distributed platforms. With this
version, DB2 was able to store all kinds of electronic data, including traditional relational data, as well as
audio, video, and text documents. It was the first version optimized for the Web, and it supported a range
of distributed platforms—for example, OS/2, Windows, AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris—from multiple
vendors.

After five years of development, the effort of 750 developers, architects, and engineers paid off with the
release of the first hybrid data server in the market: DB2 9.
DB2 9, (July 2006),is a hybrid data server ,allows for storing relational data, as well as hierarchical data.
With DB2 9's pureXML technology, XML documents are stored internally as a tree; therefore, working
with XML documents is greatly enhanced.

In 2007, IBM has gone even further in its support for pureXML, with the release of DB2 9.5. DB2 9.5,
brings improvements in installation, manageability, administration, scalability and performance etc

DB2 9.7 (June 2009) adds data compression for database indexes, temporary tables, and large
objects. DB2 9.7 also supports native XML data in hash partitioning (database partitioning),
range partitioning (table partitioning), and multi-dimensional clustering.

DB2 pure Scale (October 2009), provides a fault-tolerant architecture and shared-disk storage. A DB2
pure Scale system can grow to 128 database servers, and provides continuous availability and automatic
load balancing.
In February, 2010, IBM announced that DB2 10 for z/OS would enter beta testing with customers .

Microsoft:
Major products were Ms- Access and SQL server.

Sql Server: Its development follows following timeline:-

-1987 Sybase formally released the SYBASE system, the first high-performance RDBMS for online
applications.

- 1988 Microsoft, Sybase, and Aston-Tate port SQL Server to OS/2.

- 1989 Microsoft, Sybase, and Aston-Tate release SQL Server 1.0 for OS/2.

- Aston-Tate drops out of SQL Server development.

- 1992 Microsoft SQL Server 4.2 for 16-bit OS/2 1.3 is released.

- 1992 Microsoft and Sybase port SQL Server to Windows NT.

- 1993 Windows NT 3.1 is released.

- 1993 Microsoft and Sybase release version 4.2 of SQL Server for Windows NT.
- 1994 Microsoft and Sybase co-development of SQL Server officially ends.

- Microsoft continues to develop the Windows version of SQL Server.

- Sybase continues to develop the UNIX version of SQL Server.

- 1995 Microsoft releases version 6.0 of SQL Server.

- 1996 Microsoft releases version 6.5 of SQL Server.

- 1998 Microsoft releases version 7.0 of SQL Server.

- 2000 Microsoft releases SQL Server 2000.

- 2001 Microsoft releases XML for SQL Server Web Release 1 (download).

- 2002 Microsoft releases SQLXML 2.0 (renamed from XML for SQL Server).

- 2002 Microsoft releases SQLXML 3.0.

- 2005 Microsoft releases SQL Server 2005 on November 7th, 2005.

Sql server 2005: included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. For this ,
it defined an xml data type that could be used as a data type in database columns .

Sql server 2008:The latest version of SQL Server, SQL Server 2008 was released on August 6, 2008 and
aims to make data management self-tuning, self organizing, and self maintaining with the development
of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide near-zero downtime. Also includes support
for structured and semi-structured data, including digital media formats for pictures, audio, video and
other multimedia data.

SQL Server 2008 R2: SQL Server 2008 R2 was released on April 21, 2010. SQL Server 2008 R2 adds
certain features to SQL Server 2008 including many diff features.

Market share:

Oracle's relational database revenue grew at 13% to $8.2 billion, giving it 44.1% of the total market. In
2006, it held 43.7% of the market

It's DB2 and Informix systems produced $3.95 billion in revenue, or 21.3% of the 2007 market for IBM
Microsoft was the only member of the big three to grow at a rate under the market average, 11.2%, for
revenue of $3.4 billion and an 18.3% market share.

.Oracle takes over the edge !!!!!!!!

What’s New??????

Microsoft SQL Server 2010

Oracle 12g

RethinkDB