CONCRETE CASTING
I. Preparation for Pour
1. Before each concrete pour, the Contractor shall give advance notice of at least
one day to the Engineer so that an inspection of the concreting may be made at
his discretion. Such notice shall provide details of the concreting operation
including:
a. The date and time for the Engineer to inspect the formwork and fixed
reinforcement.
b. The location of concreting.
c. The elements to be concreted.
d. The volume of concrete to be poured.
e. The grade of concrete to be poured.
f. Date and start time and expected completion time of the operation.
2. No concreting shall be commenced until the Engineer has approved the
formwork, reinforcement, M&E fixtures (if any), etc. A 24-hour advance notice to
Engineer for inspection prior to concrete pouring.
3. Verticality and post concrete dimension shall be checked before starting the
pour.
4. Water will be removed from excavations before concrete is deposited.
5. For night concreting works, the contractor shall arrange adequate suitable
lighting.
6. The contractor shall provide safe and adequate access to all the equipment and
personnel available for concreting.
7. Before depositing new concrete on or against concrete that has set, existing
surfaces will be thoroughly roughened and cleaned of laitance, foreign matter
and loose particles.
8. The casting of concrete shall not begin until a sufficient quantity of approved
material is at hand to ensure continuity of the work.
II. Placing of Concrete
1. Concrete shall be placed continuously up to/between constructions joint while it
is still sufficiently plastic for adequate compaction.
2. Concrete shall be carefully placed in the horizontal layer to ensure proper
compaction. Placement of layers shall be such that each layer can be properly
merged into the preceding layer before initial set takes place.
3. Concrete shall be allowed to slide or flow or shoveled by any mean if segregation
of constituents is not occurring.
4. In wet weather, the concrete shall be adequately protected as soon as it is placed.
No concrete shall be placed in conditions of heavy rains if the total concreting
process is not covered.
5. Before continuing concreting the exposed concrete face shall be thoroughly
wetted at constructions joints.
6. Sketches showing concrete pump allocation/traffic management plan will be
prepared for each pour & will be monitored by Safety Officer for safe movement.
7. The Contractor shall assess the weather conditions immediately prior to pouring
concrete in watertight concrete structures and shall if necessary, either suspend
placing of watertight concrete or carry out placing during the late afternoon or
evening if the weather is considered to be too hot and/or sunny.
8. Records showing date, time, temperature and weather conditions will be
established for each concreting.
CHB LAYING
1. Ensure that the area is as per the contract drawings and approved finishing schedule.
2. Check if preceding activities have been inspected and approved.
3. Source certificates shall be obtained for all raw materials e.g. sand, cement, and blocks to
show compliance with the contract specification.
4. Block work layout / setting out of wall must be check in advance for accurate spacing of
surface and bonding pattern with uniform joint thickness and accurate location of
openings, movement type joints return and offsets.
5. Avoid using less than half size unit of blocks as much as possible, particularly in the
corners, jambs, and where possible locations. If cutting is required to provide a
continuous pattern or to fit adjoining construction joint, provide clean, sharp, chipped
edges of cut blocks.
6. Allow blocks to dry before laying unless wetting of blocks is specified. Install the cut
block with cut surface and where possible cut edges to conceal.
7. Concrete slab surfaces shall be clean and tidy prior to the start pf block work activities.
Concrete surface that will have direct contact with the block wall must roughened
accordingly.
8. The Site Engineer with the Foreman shall set the first course of block work as per
approved shop drawing.
9. Existing concrete surface where the block work is to recommence shall be wet before
work starts.
10. Block shall have the correct thickness of mortar and all joint shall be pointed as work
proceeds. The first course will be laid in full. All block work shall be set out and built to
the respective dimensions, thicknesses and heights as shown in the approved drawings.
All block wall shall be checked vertically and horizontally, and all joints will be inspected
for uniform thickness.
11. Provide vertical bars every 400mm O.C. and horizontal bars at every 3 layers of CHB.
12. Concrete lintel beam shall be used as per approved detail.
EXCAVATION
1. Conduct an investigation and acquire information about site services that might have
been placed or embedded below the ground. Services, wherever found shall be rerouted
and protected to place will not affect site activities.
2. Surveyor would conduct the site survey to mark or stakeout the lines and levels of the
objective excavation for foundations as indicated in the approved drawing.
3. The area to be excavated shall be properly marked and clear before starting the works.
4. The depth of excavation shall be periodically checked by a surveyor to avoid over-
excavation.
5. All excavated material shall be kept a minimum of 1.0 meter from the edge of excavation
or shall be stockpiled to the area designated by the Engineer.
6. For all excavation activities, adequate safety barriers, signboards, advance warning signs
would be used.
7. For foundation, as soon as the excavation reaches the required depth/elevation the
surface shall be leveled and shall be compacted.
8. Before the compaction starts, it shall make sure that the excavated level is free from
standing water or excessive moisture content.
9. Inspection would be conducted during compaction for checking and approval of the
Engineer.
10. The compaction test report shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to
proceeding to succeeding work.
BACKFILLING
1. Screening of excavated materials shall be carried out by using shovel & excavator bucket
near the stockpiles allotted by Client. Approval on backfilling material will be received
before using it.
2. The areas to be filled shall be divided into manageable sections that shall be defined
upon a sketch and submitted with inspection request to the Engineer.
3. Sufficient number guides to be provided and agreed by The Engineer for layer thickness
as specified and records to be maintained for each layer.
4. Ensure that any unsuitable material does not appear in backfilling. Where unsuitable
material appears, it shall be removed.
5. Backfilling and compaction shall be done fairly in level, undesired elevations and
undulations shall not be accepted.
6. When the material source changes, test results of the material shall be submitted for
approval prior to use it.
7. Area for backfill material dumping shall be cleaned and barricaded properly prior to
starting shifting.
8. Loose materials shall be removed and area to be cleaned prior to backfilling works. The
inspection shall be offered to The Engineer for approval of the area prior to starting the
backfilling.
9. The surveyor shall mark the reference level and top level to be achieved on sides of the
excavation and foreman shall mark each layer level on different locations by using the
spray paint to control & monitor the thickness of compacted layers.
10. Plate compactor or jumping compactor and moisturizing of the fill material shall be
carried out during the compaction process to meet the required optimum moisture
content.
11. Trial compaction shall be performed to determine the required number of passes of the
compactor to achieve the 95% if the maximum dry density (MDD).
12. The inspection shall be offered to the Engineer for approval of each layer after
completion of satisfactory compaction.
13. Upon completion of the backfilling, all surplus material shall be removed and disposed
of the site as directed by the Engineer.
PLASTERING
1. Clean the surface and remove any dust, contaminated materials on plaster bases and
substrates for direct application of plaster, removing loose material and substances that
may impair the work. Form ties and other obstruction shall be removed or trimmed back
even with the surface of the solid base.
2.
