Vector
Calculus
MATH- 243
Instructor: Dr. Naila Amir
What is
Vector
Calculus??
And the Answer is……
Multivariable calculus (also known as multivariate
calculus) is the extension of calculus in one variable to
calculus in more than one variables: the differentiation
and integration of functions involving multiple variables,
rather than just one.
Vector calculus is a field of mathematics within
multivariable calculus. It is concerned with multivariate
real analysis of vectors in an inner product space of two or
more dimensions. It deals with scalar fields, which
associate a scalar to every point in space, and vector fields,
which associate a vector to every point in space.
Vector Calculus is used extensively in physics and
engineering, especially in the description of
electromagnetic fields, gravitational fields and fluid flow.
The course of vector calculus is a course that is
very much related to our daily-life experiences
and observations. A solid object carries a
representation of a multivariable function.
Motions of these objects under the influence
of gravitational, electromagnetic, wind and
pressure fields are primary examples of vector
Vector calculus.
It would be crucial to have clear and better
Calculus understanding of the concepts in vector
calculus before one could apply them to set-up
an engineering design which is a combination
of 3D objects. Needless to say, research at
advanced level also rely on the understanding
of basic concepts in vector calculus.
In the subsequent slide a list of advanced
courses (elective and non-elective) is given
where vector calculus is a pre-requisite.
Although vector calculus is only a pre-requisite
of Complex Variables and Transform (CVT) at
Vector SEECS but at MIT and elsewhere it is a pre-
requisite of many advanced courses. In short
Calculus
vector calculus is a pre-requisite of all courses
for which CVT is a pre-requisite.
Vector Calculus
Complex Variables and Transform
Non-Electives Electives
Microwave Engineering
Electromagnetic Field Theory
Transmission Lines & Waveguides
Communication Systems II
Communication Systems
Mobile Communication Systems
Electrical Network Analysis Electrical Machines
Main Topics
Parametric
Analytical Geometry Cylindrical and representation of
Quadratic Surfaces
in 3-space Spherical coordinates curves, Arc length
Curvature & Torsion
Gradient of a Scalar Line integral,
Divergence of a
Field and directional Curl of a Vector Field. integration around
Vector Field.
derivatives closed curves.
Application of double Triple integrals,
integrals, Green’s Surface Integrals. Divergence theorem Stokes’s theorem.
theorem. of Gauss.
Partial differential Solution by the
Modeling a Vibrating Heat Equation; its
equations solvable as Method of Separation
String, Derivation of Solution by Fourier
ODEs (separation of of Variables using
Wave Equation Series.
variables) Fourier Series.
Course Objectives:
The objective is to develop understanding of
vector valued functions, partial differential
equations and multiple integrals. The
applications will be covered from several
engineering problems.
The other objective is to learn basic vector
differential operators, gradient, divergence
and curl along with their applications to
calculate surface integrals, flows and flux
across surfaces.
The understanding of partial differential
equations is developed which is a strong tool
for various mathematical models. Objective
is to learn solution techniques of partial
differential equations.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs): PLO BT Level*
[CLO - 1] Interpret the consequences of del (nabla) operator on scalar and vector fields. 2 C-6
[CLO - 2] Solve line- and surface integrals directly or by using known integrals theorems. 2 C-3
[CLO - 3] Develop analytical solutions of partial differential equations. 3 C-5
* BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive domain, P=Psychomotor domain, A= Affective domain
Quizzes (FTF)
Assignments (DL/FTF)
One Hour Tests (FTF)
Assessments ESE (FTF)
Class Participation (DL/FTF)
Communication/Presentation Skills (DL/FTF)
Thomas’s Calculus (11th Edition) George
B. Thomas, Jr.
Calculus (6th Edition) James Stewert.
Text Advanced Engineering Mathematics (9th
Books Edition) Ervin Kreyszig
Calculus (6th Edition) Swokowski, Olinick
and Pence
Reference Borisenko & Taranov, Vector and
Books
Tensor Analysis with Applications.
Coordinate
Systems
Coordinate Systems
To understand the Electromagnetics, we must know basic vector algebra and coordinate systems.
A good understanding of coordinate systems can be very helpful in solving problems related to
Maxwell’s Equations. So let us start with the discussion coordinate systems.
Choice is based on
symmetry of problem
Coordinate Systems
• Rectangular or Cartesian
• Cylindrical Examples:
• Sheets - Rectangular
• Spherical
• Wires/Cables - Cylindrical
• Spheres - Spherical
Orthogonal Coordinate Systems:
1. Cartesian Coordinates
Or
Rectangular Coordinates
𝑷𝑷 (𝒙𝒙, 𝒚𝒚, 𝒛𝒛)
2. Cylindrical Coordinates
𝑷𝑷 (𝒓𝒓, 𝚽𝚽, 𝒛𝒛)
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑟𝑟 cos Φ,
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑟𝑟 sin Φ,
𝑧𝑧 = 𝑧𝑧.
3. Spherical Coordinates
𝑷𝑷 (𝒓𝒓, 𝜽𝜽, 𝚽𝚽)
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos Φ ,
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 sin Φ,
𝑧𝑧 = 𝑧𝑧 cos 𝜃𝜃 .
12
VECTORS AND
THE GEOMETRY OF SPACE
Book: Thomas’ Calculus Early Transcendentals (14th Edition) By George B. Thomas, Jr.,
Joel Hass, Christopher Heil, Maurice D. Weir.
Book: Calculus Early Transcendentals (6th Edition) By James Stewart.
Vectors And The Geometry Of Space
12.1
Three-Dimensional Coordinate
Systems
In this section, we will learn about:
aspects of three-dimensional coordinate systems.
