Solutions to Sec 2 Express Mid-Year Revision 1

1. (a) 2(3x – y)2 = 2 [ (3x)2 – 2(3x)(y) + (y)2 ]

= 2 [ 9x2 – 6xy + y2 ]
= 18x2 – 12xy + 2y2

(b) (x – 4)(2x + 5) – (x + 7)2 = (2x2 + 5x – 8x – 20) – [ (x)2 + 2(x)(7) + (7)2 ]

= (2x2 – 3x – 20) – [ x2 + 14x + 49 ]
= 2x2 – 3x – 20 – x2 – 14x – 49
= x2 – 17x – 69

2. (a) 2r2 + 2rh = 2r(r + h)

3x y  xy
(b) 6x2 – 4xy – 2y2 = 2(3x2 – 2xy – y2) x  y  3xy
= 2(3x + y)(x – y) 3x 2  y 2  2 xy

(c) x – x3 = x(1 – x2)

= x(1 – x)(1 + x)
(d) 4a + 5b – 4a2 – 5ab = 1(4a + 5b) – a(4a + 5b)
= (4a + 5b)(1 – a)
(e) 18a2 – 50b2 = 2(9a2 – 25b2)
= 2(3a – 5b)(3a + 5b)
(f)* x2 – 25y2 – 35y + 7x = (x – 5y)(x + 5y) – 7(5y – x)
= (x – 5y)(x + 5y) + 7(x – 5y)
= (x – 5y)(x + 5y + 7)

3. (a) k2 – h2 = (k – h)(k + h)
7.652 – 2.352 = (7.65 – 2.35)(7.65 + 2.35)
= (5.30)(10)
= 53
(b) (x – y) = 32
2

x2 – 2xy + y2 = 32
x2 – 2(–5.5) + y2 = 32
x2 + 11 + y2 = 32
x2 + y2 = 21
3(x2 + y2) = 3(21)
3x2 + 3y2.= 63
4. 8y2 + 2y – 21 = (4y + 7)(2y – 3) --- (1)

Sub. y = 10 into (1):

8(10)2 + 2(10) – 21 = [ 4(10) + 7 ] [ 2(10) – 3 ]
800 + 20 – 21 = (47) (17)
799 = 47 × 17
Hence, the 2 prime factors of 799 are 17 and 47.

x3 x3
5. (a) =
3m  mx  xy  3 y m (3  x)  y ( x  3)

x3
=
(3  x)(m  y )

1
=
m y

a2  9 a3 (a  3)(a  3) 2ab

(b)  = 
8ab 2
2ab 8abb a3

a3
=
4b
3 2 3 2
(c)  = 
x  3x  2 2x x  3x  2  ( x  2)

3 2
= 
x  3x  2 x2

3 2( x  3)
= 
x  3x  2 ( x  2)( x  3)

= 3  2( x  3)
x  3x  2
= 9  2x
x  3x  2

x2  x  6 x  3  3x
4 ( x  3)( x  2) 4
(d)  =  x  2  2x
9  3x 2x 3(3  x)  1( x  2)
x2 6  x
4 1
= = 1
3 3
 3n  x
6. (a) m
n4

3n – x = m(n + 4) [ cross-multiply ]
3n – x = mn + 4m [ expand ]
3n – mn = 4m + x [ shift terms consisting of variable “n” to LHS ]
n(3 – m) = 4m + x [ factorise ]
4m  x
n
3m

when x = –0.5 and m = –2, 4m  x

(b) n
3m

4(2)  (0.5)

3  (2)

 8.5 = 7
 1
5 10

7. 3
m2  k  h

m2  k  h3 [ cube both sides ]

m2  h3  k [ shifting of terms ]

m  h3  k [ square root both sides ]

8. (a) 3x + 2y = –11 --- (1) [ Elimination method ]

5x – 3y = –12 --- (2)
(1) × 5: 15x + 10y = –55 --- (3)
(2) × 3: 15x – 9y = –36 --- (4)
(3) – (4): (15x + 10y) – (15x – 9y) = –55 – (–36)
15x + 10y – 15x + 9y = –19
19y = –19
y = –1
Substitute y = –2 into (1): 3x + 2(–1) = –11
3x – 2 = –11
3x = –9
x = –3
 (b) 10x – y = –4 --- (1) [ Substitution method ]
y = 2x --- (2)
Substitute (2) into (1): 10x – (2x) = –4
8x = –4
x = –0.5
Substitute x = –0.5 into (2): y = 2(–0.5)
y = –1

x y 1
9.  2 --- (1) (Time = distance ÷ speed)
40 50 2
6x 4 y
  14 --- (2)
30 50
x 4y
(1) × 4:   10 --- (3)
10 50

(2) – (3):  6x 4 y   x 4 y 
      14  10
 30 50   10 50 
6x 4 y x 4 y
   4
30 50 10 50
2x x
 4
10 10
x
4
10
x = 40
40 y 1
Substitute x = 40 into (1):  2
40 50 2
y 1
 2 1
50 2
y 1
1
50 2

y = 75

10. (a) x2 = 9 OR x2 = 9
x2 – 9 = 0 x=  9

(x – 3)(x + 3) = 0 x = ±3
x – 3 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 3 or x = –3
 (b) x(3x + 1) = 14
3x2 + x – 14 = 0
(3x + 7)(x – 2) = 0
3x + 7 = 0 or x – 2 = 0

x =  21 or x = 2
3

(c) 7x2 = 4x
7x2 – 4x = 0
x(7x – 4) = 0
x = 0 or 7x – 4 = 0

x= 4
7

(d) (2x – 1)2 – (2x – 1) = 0

(2x – 1) [ (2x – 1) – 1 ] = 0
(2x – 1)(2x – 2) = 0
2x – 1 = 0 or 2x – 2 = 0

x= 1 or x = 1
2

11. (a) Area of trapezium = ½  (sum of  sides)  height

= ½  [ (x + 3) + (3x – 1) ]  (x – 3)
= ½ (4x + 2)(x – 3)
= (2x + 1)(x – 3)
= 2x2 – 5x – 3
(b) Area of trapezium = 15 cm2
2x2 – 5x – 3 = 15
2x  9  9x
2x2 – 5x – 18 = 0 (shown) x  2  4x
(c) (2x – 9)(x + 2) = 0 2 x2  18  5 x
2x – 9 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 4.5 or x = –2 (reject)
Hence, the length of LM is x – 3 = 4.5 – 3 = 1.5 cm.
12. (a) Scale 1 : 50 000  Scale length Actual distance
1 cm represents 50 000 cm
1 cm represents 500 m
X cm represents 900 m
Hence, X = 900 ÷ 500 = 1.8 cm
(b) Scale area Actual area
(1 cm)2 represents (0.5 km)2
1 cm2 represents 0.25 km2
22 cm2 represents 22 × 0.25 km2
= 5.5 km2
13. (a) 4 cm represents 6 km
4 cm represents 600 000 cm
1 cm represents 150 000 cm
Scale 1 : 150 000

(b) 4 cm2 represents 16 m2

1 cm2 represents 4 m2 (divide throughout by 4)
1 cm represents 2 m (square root throughout)
1 cm represents 200 cm
1
Hence, the scale is 1 : 200 or R.F. = .
200

14. If ABC is congruent () to PQR,

then AB = PQ, BC = QR, AC = PR.
Hence, AC = PR = 11 cm.

15. PRQ is similar to PST.

PR PQ 5 6
(a)  , 
PS PT 9 PT
5PT = 54 Hence, PT = 10.8 cm.

PR RQ 5 RQ
(b)  , 
PS ST 9 ST
Hence, RQ : ST = 5 : 9
16. y  (x + 1)2, y = k(x + 1)2 (where k is a constant)
when y = 12 when x = 1, 12 = k(1 + 1)2
4k = 12
k=3
Hence, the equation is y = 3(x + 1)2
When y = 27, 27 = 3(x + 1)2

(x + 1)2 = 9 OR x+1=  9

x2 + 2x + 1 = 9 x + 1 = ±3
x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 x + 1 = 3 or x + 1 = –3
(x – 2)(x + 4) = 0 x=2 or x = –4
x – 2 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x=2 or x = –4
Since x is positive, therefore x = 2.

1 k
17. (a) y  3
, y = 3
(where k is a constant)
x x
k
when y = 10 when x = 27, 10 = 3
27
k
10 =
3
k = 30
30
Hence, y = 3
--- (1)
x
(b) when y = 60, substitute into (1)
30
60 = 3
x

60  3 x = 30

3 1
x=
2
3
1
x =   (cube both sides)
2
1
=
8