Solutions to Sec 2 Express Mid-Year Revision 2

1. (a) 4(3x – 2y)2 = 4 [ (3x)2 – 2(3x)(2y) + (2y)2 ]

= 4 [ 9x2 – 12xy + 4y2 ]
= 36x2 – 48xy + 16y2

(b) (2x – 7)2 – (3x – 1)(2x + 1) = [ (2x)2 – 2(2x)(7) + (7)2 ] – (6x2 + 3x – 2x – 1)

= [ 4x2 – 28x + 49 ] – (6x2 + x – 1)
= 4x2 – 28x + 49 – 6x2 – x + 1
= –2x2 – 29x + 50

3  2x  4x
2. (a) 6x + 5x2 – 6x3 = x(6 + 5x – 6x2)
2  3x  9 x
= x(3 – 2x)(2 + 3x) 6  6 x 2  5x
(b) 162ax2 – 8ay2 = 2a(81x2 – 4y2)
= 2a(9x – 2y)(9x + 2y)
(c) 2st – 8rs + 12rq – 3qt = 2s(t – 4r) + 3q(4r – t)
= 2s(t – 4r) – 3q(t – 4r)
3a  4b  4ab
= (t – 4r)(2s – 3q)
a  2b  6ab
(d) 3a2 – 10ab + 8b2 = (3a – 4b)(a – 2b) 3a 2  8b 2  10ab

3. (a) m2 – n2 = 1 .6
(m – n)(m + n) = 1.6
(m – n)(0.4) = 1.6
(m – n) = 4
(m – n)3 = 43
= 64
2
 1
(b) x   1
 x
2
1 1
( x)  2 ( x)       1
2

 x  x
1
x2  2  1
x2
1
x2  =1–2
x2
= –1
4. 4x2 – 12xy + 9y2 = (2x – 3y)(2x – 3y) 2x  3y  6 xy

= (2x – 3y)2 2x  3 y  6 xy
4 x2  9 y 2  12 xy
(a) 4x2 – 12xy + 9y2 = 0
(2x – 3y)2 = 0
2x – 3y = 0
2x = 3y
2x
=3
y

(b) 4x2 – 12xy + 9y2 – 4x + 6y = (2x – 3y)2 – 2(2x – 3y)

= (2x – 3y) [ (2x – 3y) – 2 ]
= (2x – 3y)(2x – 3y – 2)

1 2 1
5. (a)  
x y z
1 1 2
 
x z y

2 1 1
 
y x z

2 zx
 (Combine to a single fraction)
y xz

y(z – x) = 2xz (Cross-multiply)

2 xz
y
zx

2(5)(9)
(b) when x = 9 and z = 5, y 
59

90

4
1
  22
2
 A
6. y
A x

A
y2  (Square both sides)
A x

y2(A – x) = A (Cross-multiply)
Ay – xy = A
2 2
(Expand)
Ay2 – A = xy2 (Shift terms consisting of variable “A” to LHS ]
A(y2 – 1) = xy2 (factorise)
xy 2
A
y2  1

x 2  3x  10 6  x  x 2 ( x  5)( x  2) (3  x)(2  x)
7. (a)  =  (factorise)
5a  ax abx  3ab a(5  x) ab( x  3)

( x  5)( x  2) ab( x  3)
= 
a(5  x) (3  x)(2  x)

( x  5)( x  2) ab( x  3)
= 
a(5  x)  1(3  x)( x  2)

= –b
8 3x  1 8 3x  1
(b)  2 =  (factorise denominator if possible)
1  2x 2x  7 x  3 1  2 x (2 x  1)( x  3)

8 ( x  3) 3x  1
= 
(1  2 x)( x  3) (2 x  1)( x  3)
8 ( x  3)  (3x  1)
=
(2 x  1)( x  3)
8 x  24  3x  1
=
(2 x  1)( x  3)
5 x  23
=
(2 x  1)( x  3)

8. (a) 3x – 2y = –2.5 --- (1) [ Elimination method ]

5x – 3y = –4. --- (2)
(1) × 3: 9x – 6y = –7.5 --- (3)
(2) × 2: 10x – 6y = –8 --- (4)
(3) – (4): (9x – 6y) – (10x – 6y) = –7.5 – (–8)
 9x – 6y – 10x + 6y = 0.5
–x = 0.5
x = –0.5
Substitute x = –0.5 into (2): 5(–0.5) – 3y = –4
–2.5 – 3y = –4
–3y = –1.5
y = 0.5

(b) 3x – y = 7 --- (1)

2y – 5x = –12 --- (2)
From (1): y = 3x – 7 --- (3) [ Make y the subject ]
Substitute (3) into (2): 2(3x – 7) – 5x = –12
6x – 14 – 5x = –12
x=2
Put x = 2 into (3): y = 3(2) – 7
y = –1

9. (a) Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal; i.e. AB = CD and AD = BC.

7x – 5y – 7 = 20 + y and 2x – 4 = 5y – 16
7x – 5y – y = 20 + 7 2x – 5y = – 16 + 4
7x – 6y = 27 --- (1) 2x – 5y = –12 --- (2)

(1) × 2: 14x – 12y = 54 --- (3)

(2) × 7: 14x – 35y = –84 --- (4)
(3) – (4): (14x – 12y) – (14x – 35y) = 54 – (–84)
14x – 12y – 14x + 35y = 138
23y = 138
y=6
Substitute y = 6 into (1): 7x – 6(6) = 27
–7x – 36 = 27
7x = 63
x=9
(b) Length of CD = 20 + y = 20 + 6 = 26 m
Length of AD = 2x – 4 = 2(9) – 4 = 18 – 4 = 14 m
 Hence, area of the rectangle = 26 m × 14 m = 364 m2.

10. (a) 2x2 = 50x

2x2 – 50x = 0
2x(x – 25) = 0
2x = 0 or x – 25 = 0
x = 0 or x = 25

(b) (x – 2)(2x + 1) = 3
2x2 + x – 4x – 2 = 3 (expand)
2x2 + x – 4x – 2 – 3 = 0 (RHS = 0)
2x2 – 3x – 5 = 0 (simplify)
(2x – 5)(x + 1) = 0 (factorise)
2x – 5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 2.5 or x = –1

Dis tan ce 75
11. (a) Time taken = =
Speed x

75
(b) Time taken for return journey =
x  20
75 75
(c)  1 (60 min = 1 h)
x x  20

75 ( x  20)  75 x
1
x ( x  20)

75 x  1 500  75 x
1
x 2  20 x

1 500
1
x  20 x
2

x2 + 20x = 1 500
x2 + 20x – 1 500 = 0 (shown)
(d) (x + 50)(x – 30) = 0
x + 50 = 0 or x – 30 = 0
x = –50 (reject) or x = 30
12. (a) Scale 1 : 30 000  Scale length Actual distance
1 cm represents 30 000 cm
1 cm represents 0.3 km
X cm represents 2.25 km
Hence, X = 2.25 ÷ 0.3 = 7.5 cm
(b) Scale area Actual area
(1 cm)2 represents (0.3 km)2
1 cm2 represents 0.09 km2
12 cm2 represents 12 × 0.09 km2
= 1.08 km2

13. The two containers are geometrically similar.

radius of small container height of small container
Hence, 
radius of l arg e container height of l arg e container

3 12

5 height of l arg e container
Height of the large container = 20 cm

14. (a) (i) Since AED is congruent to BEC,

Length BE = AE
= AC – EC
= (12 – 3) cm
= 9 cm
(ii) AEB is similar to CED,
AE AB
 ,
CE CD
9 15

3 CD
Length CD = 5 cm.

(b) ABC is congruent to BAD.

 1 k
15. (a) M  , M  (where k is a constant)
2n  1 2n  1

k
when M = 8, n = 4, 8
2(4)  1

k
8
9

k = 24
24
Hence, M  --- (1)
2n  1

(b) when M = 6, substitute into (1)

24
6
2n  1

6 2n  1 = 24

2n  1 = 4

2n + 1 = 16 (square both sides)

2n = 15
n = 7.5

16. y  x2,
y = kx2 (where k is a constant)
when y = 5, 5 = kx2
5
k
x2
when this value of x is increased by 300% , i.e. 4x
the new value of y = k(4x)2
y = k × 16x2
5
y =  16 x 2
x2
y = 80