OSI Model Reference Table

Layer Function Protocols Network

Components
Application  Used for applications DNS; FTP; TFTP; Gateway
specifically written to run BOOTP;
User over the network SNMP;RLOGIN;
Interface  Allows access to network SMTP; MIME; NFS;
services that support FINGER; TELNET;
applications; NCP; APPC; AFP; SMB
 Directly represents the
services that directly support
user applications
 Handles network access, flow
control and error recovery
 Example apps are file
transfer,e-mail, NetBIOS-
based  applications           

Presentatio  Translates from application   Gateway

n to network format and vice-
versa Redirector
 All different formats from all
sources are made into a
Translation common uniform format that
the rest of the OSI model can
understand
 Responsible for protocol
conversion, character
conversion,data encryption /
decryption, expanding
graphics commands, data
compression
 Sets standards for different
systems to provide seamless
communication from multiple
protocol stacks
 Not always implemented in a
network protocol

Session  Establishes, maintains and NetBIOS Gateway

ends sessions across the
Syncs and network Names Pipes
Sessions  Responsible for name
 recognition (identification) so
only the designated parties Mail Slots
can participate in the session
 Provides synchronization RPC
services by planning check
points in the data stream => if
session fails, only data after
the most recent checkpoint
need be transmitted
 Manages who can transmit
data at a certain time and for
how long
 Examples are interactive
login and file transfer
connections, the session
would connect and re-
connect if there was an
interruption; recognize names
in sessions and register
names in history

Transport  Additional connection below TCP, ARP, RARP; Gateway

the session layer
Packets;  Manages the flow control of SPX Advanced Cable
Flow data between parties across Tester
control & the network NWLink
Error-  Divides streams of data into Brouter
handling chunks or packets; the NetBIOS / NetBEUI
transport layer of the
receiving computer ATP
reassembles the message
from packets
 A train is a good analogy =>
the data is divided into
identical units
 Provides error-checking to
guarantee error-free data
delivery, with on losses or
duplications
 Provides acknowledgment of
successful transmissions;
requests retransmission if
some packets don’t arrive
error-free
  Provides flow control and
error-handling

Network  Translates logical network IP; ARP; RARP, ICMP; Brouter

address and names to their RIP; OSFP;
Addressing; physical address (e.g. Router
Routing computername ==> MAC IGMP;
address) Frame Relay
 Responsible for IPX Device
o addressing
o determining routes for NWLink ATM Switch
sending
o managing network NetBEUI Advanced Cable
problems such as Tester
packet switching, data OSI
congestion and
routing DDP
 If router can’t send data
frame as large as the source DECnet
computer sends, the network
layer compensates by
breaking the data into smaller
units. At the receiving end,
the network layer
reassembles the data
 Think of this layer stamping
the addresses on each train
car

Data Link  Turns packets into raw bits Logical Link Control Bridge
100101 and at the receiving
Data frames end turns bits into packets.  error correction Switch
to bits  Handles data frames between and flow control
the Network and Physical  manages link ISDN Router
layers control and
 The receiving end packages defines SAPs Intelligent Hub
raw data from the Physical
layer into data frames for 802.1 OSI Model NIC
delivery to the Network layer
 Responsible for error-free 802.2 Logical Link Advanced Cable
transfer of frames to other Control Tester
computer via the Physical Media Access Control
Layer
 communicates
 with the adapter
card
 controls the type
of media being
used:

802.3 CSMA/CD
 This layer defines the (Ethernet)
methods used to transmit and
receive data on the network. 802.4 Token Bus
It consists of the wiring, the (ARCnet)
devices use to connect the
NIC to the wiring, the 802.5 Token Ring
signaling involved to transmit
/ receive data and the ability 802.12 Demand Priority
Physical  Transmits raw bit stream over IEEE 802 Repeater
physical cable
Hardware;  Defines cables, cards, and IEEE 802.2 Multiplexer
Raw bit physical aspects
stream  Defines NIC attachments to ISO 2110 Hubs
hardware, how cable is
attached to NIC ISDN  Passive
 Defines techniques to transfer  Active
bit stream to cable
TDR

Oscilloscope

Amplifier