1

THE STATUS OF LIVELIHOOD IN BARANGAY ALANG-ALANG MANDAUE CITY,

CEBU

A RESEARCH REPORT

PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT IN

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS- MANDAUE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT IN THE SUBJECT

ENTREPRENEURSHIP 12

(INTRODUCTION OT ENTREPRENEURSHIP REPORT)

RESEARCHERS:

JALANDONI, ANGELIE T. ET. AL.

FEBRUARY 2021
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APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that the researchers of this book “THE STATUS OF THE

LIVELIHOOD IN BARANGAY ALANG-ALANG MANDAUE CITY, CEBU” have

satisfactorily completed the requirements in Entrepreneurship 12 for the first semester, school

year 2020-2021.

Researchers:

Amorante, Archie Derit, Kimverly

Alivio, Kyle Fernandez, Michael

Arguedo, Chloe S. Hortelano, Jacqueline T.

Banilad, Dave M. Jalandoni, Angelie T.

Baredo, Lady Erika Lamanilao, April Ann

Basubas, Lucas Lopez, Leoven Jay P.

Basubas, Warren Tantoy, Mylene

Decena, Regine Mae

DR. ROSITA G. GARGANTIEL MR. JOSEPH ARNOLD C. BAUNSIT

College Dean/ Instructor Panel Judge

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Acknowledgement

The researchers of this study would like to acknowledge the following who in one way or

another has contributed to the success of this big task:

To our Almighty God, who has been there all the time and did not fail to guide and to

give the strength needed to pursue this study;

To Dr. Rosita G. Gargantiel, the School Principal of the University of the Visayas-

Mandaue and Mr. Noel M. Gepiga the instructor of (Entrepreneurship 12) for this research study

for his effort in teaching us with regards to our study;

To Mr. Joseph Arnold C. Baunsit, our Panel Judge;

To Jesse James Go the in-charge of Livelihood in Barangay Alang-Alang Mandaue City,

Cebu of whom the researchers owe a deepest gratitude for his going along all the time and

providing every bit of information about this barangay;

To the staff, employees in Barangay Alang-Alang Mandaue City, Cebu especially those

who are helping us a lot thank you so much for your cooperation.

And to our parents and guardians, for undying support, financially and morally.

We, the researchers were glad to express our heartfelt thanks to the ones mentioned for

they have given the support in pursuing this big task.

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Table of contents

Titles Page

Title page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgement iii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Theoretical Background of the Study 2

Schematic Diagram Background of the Study 3

Statement of the Problem 5

Significance of the Study 6

Definition of Terms 6

Chapter 2 8

Review of Related Literature 8

Chapter 3 Research Methodology 21

Research Environment

22

Research Respondents 22

Research Instruments 22

Method of Collecting Data and Development of Research Instrument 23

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Paradigm of the Flow of the Study 24

Chapter 4 Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data 25

Profile of the Subject 25

Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 32

Summary of Findings 32

Conclusions 32

Recommendation 32

Organization of the Study 34

References 35

Appendices 41

Curriculum Vitae 48

Lists of Figures and Tables

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List of Figure

Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of the Background of the Study 3

Figure 2 Paradigm of the Flow of the Study 24

Figure 3 Location Map 47

List of Tables
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Table 1. Distribution of Livelihood Workers as to their Age 26

Table 2. Distribution of livelihood workers as to Gender 26

Table 3. Distribution of livelihood workers as to their Civil Status 27

Table 4. Distribution of Livelihood workers as to their type of work 27

Table 5. Efficiency of the training for the workers 28

Table 6. Motivation 28

Table 7. Suitability of the Program to the Locality 29

Table 8. Socio-economic Status 30

Table 9. Personal Growth 31

Chapter 1
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THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The core of this study is to promote the program for livelihood skills and development as

well as the people live in Barangay Alang-Alang to have a job with the end view of establishing

the needs for more employment opportunities through the hiring jobs and the provision of

sustainable projects or enterprise to support the organization’s goals and objectives.

The poor have hope of getting a job and of being one of the human resources for economic

growth. There is a curriculum appropriate for them to be prepared for the ability to live.

In any barangay, the livelihood workers are examined physically, mentally and

psychologically. It is necessity for them to assure their worker’s quality of the product.

In our society nowadays, particularly in Mandaue City, poverty occurs many people are

truly seeking job for their family to be able to cope with the busy society we have today. In fact,

they cannot be considered useless because there are many of them who works better than people

who can afford for their living.

Theoretical Background of the Study

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This research was based on Mensah, E. J. (2011) there is a need for this reconstruction is

underpinned by the persistent argument that the framework is too micro, too household-oriented,

thus limiting its use as a micro-macro analytical tool for policy analysis and impact assessment.

In doing so, the paper elaborated assets in the framework on the basis of the degree of user rights

that households are able to exercise, rather than the form in which they exist. The paper also

introduced the concept of relative cumulative effect in order to present a more rigorous

understanding of the impact of households on the sustainable development path of society.

The SLF was first introduced in the 1990s which has been used extensively to provide an

analytical framework for developing sustainable and pro-poor development policies, specifically

in developing southern economic systems. One of the key achievements of the framework is its

contribution to engendering significant shifts in development thinking towards a greater focus on

poverty reduction through direct investment in improving the living standards of households.

This also helps to prioritize people as focal points of any policy design and planning, creating

better scope for large-scale supply reduction strategies.

Mensah’s Theory
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The Status of Livelihood

in Barangay Alang-Alang
Mandaue City, Cebu

CITIZEN STATUS OF THE

LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES
Age Sewing LIVELIHOOD

Gardening PROGRAM
Sex
Housekeeping
Efficiency of the training
Civil Status Weaving for the workers
Electrical Works
Motivation
Type of Work Plumbing
Suitability of the program
Welding to the locality

Chorizo Making
Carpentry
Cooking

Proposed
Intervention

Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram of the Theoretical Framework of the study

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On these certain bases, sustainable livelihoods are theorized as endogenously defined by the

balance between household subsistence expectations and the evolutionary path that institutions

follow in responding to household cumulative feedback. This framework thus provides the

context for providing a household-based understanding of institutional evolution and the

formation of livelihoods in relation to micro/macro-interventions. In fact, sustainable livelihoods

are seen as exogenous, albeit implicit, in the framework.

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Statement of the Problem

A study is conducted in order to gather information and survey of the livelihood training

and program for the people living in Barangay Alang-alang Mandaue City, Cebu for the year

2020-2021.

This matter is particularly seeking answers to the following problems:

1. What is the demographic profile of the livelihood workers with regards to?

1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Civil status
1.4 Type of work/ activities they engage

2. The status of the livelihood program as perceived by the livelihood workers in terms of:

2.1 Efficiency of the training for the workers

2.2 Motivation

2.3 Suitability of the program to the locality

3. What are the effects of the program to the livelihood workers of the barangay in terms of?

3.1 Socio-economic status

3.2 Personal growth

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Significance of the Study

The findings of the study will benefit the following:

Barangay Coordinator. They can benefit in a way that they can improve and know that their

livelihood program is progressive or effective.

Citizens. They also benefit this program because they will be the one who will find job easier.

The Barangay Hall itself will always there for them to help them in terms of job hiring that is

according to their skills and interest.

Future Researcher: This group of people will benefit from the study because the findings can

serve as a springboard for them to continue further researcher, this would serve as another

reference if they make a study of similar nature.

Definition of terms

Barangay- a barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native

Filipino term for a village, district or ward. In colloquial usage, the term often to inner city

neighborhood, a suburb or a suburban neighborhood.

Citizen- a legally recognized subject or national of a state or naturalized.

Job- a paid position of regular employment.

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Livelihood- is defined as a set of activities essential to everyday life that are conducted over

one’s life span including the job offers and job salary for the citizens of a barangay.

Motivation- is a reason for actions, willingness, and goals. Motivation is derived from the word

motivate, or a need that requires satisfaction.

Poverty- is the state of not having enough material possessions or income for a person’s basic

needs.

Program- a set of related measures or activities with a particular long-term aim.

Status- a relative social, professional, or other standing of someone or something the position of

affairs at a particular time, especially in political or commercial contexts.

Suitability- the quality of being right or appropriate for a purpose, or situation.

Training- has specific goals of improving one’s capability, capacity, productively and

performance
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

According to De Haan (2012) the livelihood approach is an important actor-oriented

viewpoint in development studies, particularly developmental geography, which has a broad impact

on development-oriented research and development activities. This paper deals with the initial outlines

of this approach and its subsequent criticism and development. The fundamentals of the initial

approach to livelihoods in the sense of development collaboration at the turn of the millennium. Both

its wider success in scholarly studies and its original skepticism are explained. The neglect of power

dynamics was an important weakness in the original solution to livelihoods.

According to Islam & Ryan (2016) livelihood can better be described as methods and

means to make a living in the world. The idea revolves around resources such as land/property,

seeds, food, information, finance, social interactions and their interrelationship with the

political, economic and socio-cultural behavior of specific populations. Life consists of the

power, properties and activities that are appropriate for living. his definition incorporates

concepts of stability, development and livelihoods, as they affect each other, and highlights

how DRR or mitigation methods specifically affect sustainable livelihoods.

LIVELIHOOD BASED ON AGE

According to Boyas, Wind, & Kang (2012) research shows that age and occupational

influences are frequently related to job fatigue, burn-out and intent to leave among child

protection employees. However, no study has contextualized how age matters with respect to
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these harmful employee consequences. We performed a theoretical path-based study that

distinguishes causes of employment-based social capital, work tension, burn-out, and desire to

leave between two age groups. Results show that the pathways to work discomfort, burnout and

intent to leave vary by age group. Social capital was more influential in shielding older

employees from workplace pressures than younger workers. Our findings validate the

development of programs in the workplace for younger employees targeting areas of the

organization where emotional assistance could increase the level of social experiences within the

organization. Organizations will need to set up prevention efforts targeted at younger workers by

developing new support systems that will help them to cope with the stresses and demands of

child protection work.

According to Duncan & Loretto (2003) while UK legislation against age discrimination is

expected by December 2006, little is understood as to how ageism impacts the various age

ranges of workers, and the gender aspects of ageism have also been overlooked.  Produce to   

answers from more than 1,000 employees of a large UK financial services firm. The degree and

forms of ageism have been shown to differ across age groups and by sex, and evidence of

gendered ageism has appeared. Documented examples of ageism have been higher in younger

and older age groups, although all age groups have been influenced to a degree. Across all ages,

women were more likely than men to develop ageist views towards appearance or sexuality. In

order to be successful, regulation would need to resolve the complicated existence and trends of

age discrimination that have been established, since the comparator issue and other nuances are

such that essential dimensions of age bias, including gender, are ignored.

LIVELIHOOD BASED ON SEX

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According to Carpenter (2011) This study investigates the gendered in-house subsistence

dynamics of one coastal culture in Paraty, Brazil. Gender research in the sense of livelihoods

explores the social context of gender roles and relationships as they contribute to small-scale

agriculture, artisanal fishing, tourism and a broader view of livelihoods in one society. The

objectives of the project were: 1) to investigate how people in a small coastal group make a

living; 2) to evaluate the impact of gender roles and relationships and the division of labor in

subsistence practices and on the gender consequences within the household or family unit; To

discuss opportunities for potential subsistence diversification responsive to the impact of gender.

Results demonstrate that human and household subsistence portfolios are complex and are

heavily dependent on the natural resource base. Gender dynamics and bargaining power relied on

the variety and form of subsistence practices performed at the household and on an individual

level.

According to Nazneen (2018) not all areas and problems that come under the heading of

gender and rural livelihoods have been thoroughly studied. Feminist study of home-based

manufacturing staff and jobs in the informal sector in Asia-Pacific, for example, remains

significantly less studied. Informal sector reports are country-specific or often do not distinguish

between informal jobs in rural and urban areas and categorize data based on various categories of

work (Doane 2007). Study on rural women's non-farm jobs is restricted by the following facts:

(a) data access and accuracy are limited; (b) cross-country comparisons are not feasible as

various meanings are used; (c) the data were obtained in an ad hoc manner; (Chant and Pedwell

2008). Certain topics, such as subsistence methods implemented by gendered minority groups

and their position in agriculture or labor markets, are not addressed by numerous regional or

international studies on agriculture, industry or other issues. (2007 Esplen).

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According to Abbott, Mutesi and Norris (2015) this study offers a gender review of

sustainable livelihoods and participatory governance in Rwanda to advise the country policy and

programs of Oxfam. Oxfam's work in Rwanda is based on two interlinked foundations – safe

livelihoods and participatory governance. Under these foundations and its work more generally,

Oxfam is committed to fostering gender equity and to ensuring that women and men benefit

from inclusive social change. The results of this gender study would help Oxfam's "mainstream

gender support” initiatives by: Identifying the various needs of women and men to help them

attain better livelihoods and engage in governance; identifying the different roles of women and

men that which restrict their involvement in Oxfam's programmes; offering an understanding of

the different capacities of women and men to participate in any given intervention; and

discussing the different ways in which women and men may participate. It will also allow Oxfam

to recognise where additional measures are required to make transformative improvements in

organizations, legislation, etc. legislation and the distribution of money to facilitate gender equity

between women and men. Overall, the research would help Oxfam to meet the needs of both

women and men, prevent perpetuating or missing conventional gendered power imbalances, and

increase the possibility of strong and sustainable program outcomes.

LIVELIHOOD BASED ON CIVIL STATUS

According to Madalozzo and Gomes (2012) marriages were treated as a contract for

several years, which set morality and the rules of behavior and assigned marriage, in a

patriarchal society respectively, a special position to perpetuate masculine and subordinate roles.

The marriage agreement does not only deal with the individual sexual power of a woman, but

also deals with political and economic rights and the right of women to live their own lives.

These facts demonstrate that the marriage contract has been paternalistically built, ensuring male
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dominance and man's control. Frequency counts and percentages were used to display the data

while Pearson Product Moment Correction (PPMC) was used to assess the interaction. Marital

status; educational achievement of fathers; family form and family size had a substantial

association with involvement in subsistence practices. Inter-correlations between socio-personal

characteristics have shown that caste is related to marital status and educational attainment. It is

concluded that the socio-personal characteristics of rural youth are related to their participation

in subsistence activities. The report suggests that the socio-personal variables of the present

study be addressed by rural development policy makers when undertaking programs aimed at

improving rural youth livelihoods.

As per Umunnakwe & Adedamola (2015) the rising realization of the negative political,

social and economic implications of the precarity of young people's livelihoods reinforces the

need to consider their livelihood practices, which are important for alleviating social ills and

minimizing rural poverty. 

According to Davies & Hossain (1997) the political aspects of sustainable livelihoods are

discussed here, building on the literature on adaptation of livelihoods in India and the

geographical region. The primary focus is on tolerance to short-term disruptions and thus

detrimental effects of longer-term shifts in subsistence strategies. Relationships of social

exclusion, in particular gender relations with the state, formal and informal civil society, have

been identified as key to determining the outcomes of interventions to various stakeholders in the

subsistence systems. The very different schemes of public action, civil society and community

engagement in the strengthening of livelihood activities are compared; to assess if lessons are

valuable to be passed between regions. The complexities of these interactions, as well as the

importance of the disparities in society between the two regions, suggest that no particular
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paradigm provides an optimum relationship between the state and civil society in terms of

adaptation to their livelihoods.

LIVELIHOOD BASED ON TYPE OF WORK/ ACTIVITIES

According to Garcia (2017) this study evaluated the integration of community services

and research through the assessment of rural subsistence needs in the Philippines. The citizens of

the town. The community was found to be engaged in farming, sold agricultural products, and

had only three varieties stores to obtain supplies from other locations. They have experienced

subsistence problems mostly related to marketing and transport. They wanted an additional

livelihood program, an improvement in sales, and seminar workshops on business-related

activities. The findings show that a program is needed to improve their livelihood needs. It is

preferred that action will be taken to improve the economic standard of the society in

cooperation with local government unit and the school to extend the relevant research-based

social services.

According to Fuchs, Orero, Namoi, and Neufeldt (2019) growing community members’

adaptive potential is critical to improving the resilience of livelihoods and ecosystems in

smallholder systems. This study analyses the efforts of an asset-based community-driven local

development initiative, which has an objective to improve farmer livelihoods through context-

specific agricultural and agroforestry training, in line with farmers’ identities, desires, and

priorities. The project's effect on farmers' livelihoods was measured by evaluating the average

rise in income by the implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices through the

measurement of total harvest prices. Socioeconomic data from 183 families, half of which were

interested in the program, was considered.

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According to Owusu (2009) contemporary livelihood studies represent a shift away from

the structural perspective of the 1970s that represented poor people as passive victim of

structural forces. Life for many urban poor people in the developed world is a relentless

challenge to make a living. While rural poor people can often grow much of their own food,

urban residents typically rely on earned income for food. The lack of access to farm land and

other agricultural inputs also makes it difficult for urban poor people to rely on urban agriculture.

Urban poor, however, make a living by severely cutting their levels of consumption or

diversifying their livelihoods by finding a way to augment their incomes or by focusing on

government networks. This study argued the diversification of asset, income and activities is

often driven by multiple motives. This study also explored how gender, power, market, climate

change, right issues and government policies impact livelihood.

EFFICIENCY OF THE TRAINING FOR THE WORKERS

As per Vale (2016) this study covers Mindanao Integrated Resource Creation

Implemented (MIRD) discovery and ground-level achievement of the Kasanyangan and

Tulungatung Sites Skills Training Initiative from November 2015 to February 2016. Continuing

to follow the signing of the MIRD and ILO contract on 24 November 2015 at the UN Hub

Garden Orchid Zamboanga City. Its objective is to create sustainable livelihood opportunities for

vulnerable populations in Tulungatong and Kasanyangan Transitional sites, particularly young

women and men, through skills and entrepreneurship training in identified market links.

Allowing internally displaced persons (IDPs) women and men whose livelihoods and jobs have

been lost to restore self-sufficiency through skills training and traditional livelihoods.

According to Modè (2014) at the household and individual levels, projects have also been

moderately effective in improving the livelihoods of beneficiaries in terms of direct income and
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self-reliance. Projects have become more effective in supporting trade and service relate

activities in urban and peri-urban areas and have been less effective in supporting seasonal and

livestock related activities. The programs have been moderately effective in the execution of

educational initiatives and in the allocation of recipients and in the delivery of start-up grants.

Such programs are more time-consuming and cost-intensive than others, such as the collection,

evaluation and tracking of recipients. Performance is also influenced by the cost per capita of

offering business, vocational and trust-building instruction in comparison to the number of

people educated and recipients earning grants.

According to Ateya & Maende (2018) employee performance is the timely, efficient and

effective completion by the employee of the mutually agreed tasks as set out by the employer. It

is obvious that workers are a vital resource and hence it is important to maximize the

commitment of employees to the priorities and objectives of the company as a means of ensuring

successful efficiency. Higher production of employees is accomplished by outstanding training

systems that empower employees and meet their needs. The goal of this research is to analyze

the effect of training on the success of workers in the organization: a case study of the Program

for Agriculture and Living in the Western Communities (PALWECO) in Busia Cou.

LIVELIHOOD BASED ON MOTIVATION

According to Weber (2018) we're trying to make a profit. We're all trying to realize

ourselves. The freer we are in deciding what we do the better is our level of self-realization

through work. If we are compelled to do work that we do not wish to do (e.g. indecent work),

so our self-realization is minimal to zero. Sometimes, money from work is not enough to lead a

comfortable life. Persons are then working poor, or in order to avoid hardship, certain people

have two or three jobs at a time.

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According to Anderman (2020) the papers in this special issue discuss the remarkable

research bodies that have been developed from theories of achievement motivation, highlighting

advances over the past 20 years. I first address in this commentary some of the most notable

contributions that have arisen from each of the theories. I then address the degree to which

commonalities occur through theories; I point out that although there is some overlap, this

overlap enables research to be reliable, but also leads to uncertainty for practitioners and

policymakers as well. Finally, I address the degree of convergence between modern theory of

motivation and current policy and practice of education. Some significant contemporary practice-

and policy-related problems are explored by motivational researchers; however, this analysis has

not been systematic through theories.

As per Otieku, Ackah,  and Forkuor (2017) the paper builds on motivational philosophy

and the life-threatening approach to determining the motives, subsistence limitations and income

determinants of female teenage porters in Kasoa, Ghana. Based on the calculation, the analysis

found that family poverty, unemployment, a need for regular income and a search for personal

freedom were major driving factors that led adolescent girls to head-up. The age of the

respondents and the years of experience in the occupation were both major determinants of the

respondents' income. Exposure to persistent malaria, stress, and physical discomfort were

common risk factors for livelihoods experienced by the respondents. Most of them came from

the northern part of Ghana and fewer than 20% of them had formal schooling.

SUITABILITY OF THE PROGRAM TO THE LOCALITY

As per Sordello, Ratel, Vanpeene (2020) IUCN Motion 145 was introduced at the 5th

IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2012 calling for a critical study of alternative livelihood

initiatives. Despite the collective deployment of these initiatives, there has been no review of
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their success. In both cases, alternative livelihood projects have a similar objective: to provide

local residents with alternative ways of making a living that decreases the burden on a specific

part of biodiversity. This chart and analysis aim to add to this critical review and offer a

description of the present status of the evidence base, according to the publishers.  The study was

adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Biodiversity and Natural Resources

(ICN) as part of its commitment to promoting sustainable livelihoods.

According to Marino, Lilius & Lapintie (2018) in recent decades, there has been a major

shift towards new forms of multi-locality, particularly for work-related reasons. Many can

operate in several locations, in addition to offices (such as the home, co-working spaces, coffee

shops and public libraries). Little is known, however, about the ways in which multi-locality

within urban areas is addressed. Within the BEMINE research project, this phenomenon has

been studied at Aalto and NMBU University by analyzing recent policy and planning documents,

as well as strategies of organizations within the Helsinki region. The results suggest that while

the complexity of multi-locality has not yet been discussed by policy-makers and city planners,

both private and public agencies are focused on more realistic multi-local policies and working

practices. In order to resolve multi-locality at various levels of research and planning, more

dialogue between policymakers, city planners and organizations is required.

According to Ballesteros, Ramos, & Magtibay (2016) the Sustainable Livelihood

Program-Work Facilitation Track (SLP-EF Track) is a scheme that promotes the employment of

beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The SLP-EF Track has a great

potential to bring the 4Ps beneficiary closer to reaching the poverty threshold, since it would

provide additional income to the beneficiaries in addition to the incentives provided by the 4Ps.

However, in order to do this, the SLP-EF Track will have to be successful in targeting
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beneficiaries and in finding job partners for 4Ps. There is also a need for the Department of

Social Welfare and Development to reassess its role in promoting jobs and to better connect 4Ps

to other government jobs programs.

LIVELIHOOD BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

According to Chinwok (2016) the report defined the socio-economic characteristics of

rural dwellers in the study area, assessed the livelihood activities in the study area and identified

the socio-economic determinants of the option of livelihood activities in the area. Multi-stage

sampling methods were used to select one hundred and sixty rural dwellers for this analysis. Data

was obtained by means of a formal interview schedule, tailored group conversation and personal

observation, and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, namely mean, frequency counts

and percentages. Ordinary least square multiple regression analysis was used to classify socio-

economic factors that affect the choice of livelihood in the region. Age, years of schooling and

monthly income have been established as the key socio-economic factors influencing livelihood

activities in the district. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that government

should improve farming with regards to mechanization of farming activities as to attract young

graduates into the sector.

As per Kurozawa (2020) analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in rural

settings can help strengthen rural household policies and encourage good health. The purpose of

this analysis was to calculate the HRQOL and related socio-economic characteristics, as well as

to assess the reliability of the Amharic version of SF-8 (eight-item short form of HRQOL

survey). The survey content consisted of a formal questionnaire for socio-economic

characteristics and an SF-8 questionnaire for HRQOL. The SF-8 items demonstrated outstanding

internal stability in both the Cronbach coefficients and the item-total correlation. In stepwise
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multiple linear regression, the low-income group had poorer physical fitness than the higher-

income groups. Likewise, diversified livelihoods have had a profound effect on good self-

perceived physical fitness.

According to Ayine, Tumwine, & Kabumbuli (2017) there was a need to demonstrate the

socio-economic status of refugees in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement under a new and strict

personality condition made necessary this study. Using expenditures as a proxy to evaluate

income in the socio-economic status categorization, three classifications were derived: high-

income group prosperity, moderate-income group management, and low-income group survival,

each with distinctive characteristics. Most of the refugees were found to be of low socio-

economic status or simply surviving. The study indicates a direct relationship between refugees'

the size of the household and the socio-economic status.

LIVELIHOOD BASED ON PERSONAL GROWTH

According to Oduro, Adamtey, & Ocloo (2015) in recent years, an increasing body of

study has drawn attention to the evolving interface and interdependence between urban and rural

areas in Africa. This includes physical, financial, socio-demographic research, economic and

other transformations in the peri-urban region. However, little is understood about how

inhabitants of peri-urban areas are adapting their livelihoods to these transformations. Any

residents, by virtue of their ownership or management of different types of livelihood properties,

are in a position to do so. Using the possibilities provided by urban development to formulate

livelihood plans to increase their well-being.

According to Arulmani (2014) Function of jobs allocation has been affected by global

technological, social and political movements. Marxism, for example, transformed the then

dominant notions of labor and employer. Likewise, the profound social and economic changes
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brought on by the Industrial Revolution and the Protestant Reformation in Western cultures have

contributed to the former, long-established customs of the distribution of occupational positions

being obsolete. Under the capitalist political economy, people could approach employment as a

tool for personal growth and progress, closely related to the fulfilling of personal wishes.

According to Chambers and Conway (1992) life is environmentally friendly if it

preserves or improves the local and global assets on which livelihoods rely and has net beneficial

effects on other livelihoods. Life is economically sustainable, capable of dealing with and

healing from stress and shock, and caring for future generations. New principles and research are

required for strategy and practice. Will generations would far outnumber us, but they are not

included in our decision-making. Present and traditional analyzes both undervalue possible

livelihoods and are negative.

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Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Research Methodology

The process of descriptive research is used in this study. A descriptive method of

research is a type of research, which involves the description, recording, analysis, and

interpretation of the present nature, composition or analysis of phenomena (Manuel and Medel p.

25). It is also defined as fact-finding with adequate interpretation and which also involves

accurate analysis of the data gathered (Aquino, pp. 7-8). In addition to this, descriptive method

may also be defined as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating

data about conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause-effects relationships.

Among the three techniques under the descriptive method of research namely: the

survey, the case study, the content analysis. The survey study was best chosen to be used in the

study. Survey methodology studies the in-depth sampling of individual units from a population

and administering data collection techniques on that sample. This type of research allows for a

variety of methods to recruit participants, collect data, and utilize various method of

instrumentation. The use of checklist was also employed to be used for the gathering of
 xxx

responses from the subjects and the respondents. The flow of the study, which used a paradigm,

serves as the direction of the conduct of this research.

The Research Environment

The research study was conducted in Barangay Alang-Alang Mandaue City, Cebu where

the citizens of barangay Alang-Alang live. It is located in Alang-Alang Mandaue City, Cebu.

The Research Respondents

The subject being studied in this research is the livelihood workers who consists of the

major of the working force since the mission of the Barangay Alang-Alang Mandaue City, Cebu

is to help them in terms of livelihood and income of their workers to break out poverty. The

research subject has total population of 10 male and female who participates in the livelihood

program.

Table 1. Respondents

Gender Number of Respondents

Male 6
Female 4
Total 10

Research Instrument
 xxxi

This study will use a researcher-made questionnaire checklist and is checked by the

subject teacher for the reliability of the research made. The questionnaire covers 6 item questions

that have to be answered written by the respondents. By this instrument it makes the citizen of

the barangay who fill up survey understandable, easy to fill up survey by only marking check

and less pressure for immediate response.

Method of Collecting Data and Development of the Research Instrument

The researchers submit a letter to barangay upon approval with the letter to conduct the

study. The researchers will submit another letter for the respondents, when the respondents

affirm with the invitation, the briefing of the respondents will follow. When the respondents

agree to the letter as to become the respondents of the study, they will now start answering the

survey questionnaire. The design of the interview was formulated according to the objectives of

the researchers which were to know the demographic profile of the subjects, to have information

about the status of the livelihood program as perceived by the livelihood workers and are the

effects of the program to the livelihood workers of the barangay. The formulated questions were

also derived from the interest of the researchers and out of curiosity to be informed more about

the topic. The questions were carefully made and were base to the researcher study of the literary

background of the topic. In this type of interview instruments, the same questionnaire, the

procedures of preparing and validating a questionnaire. But in this instrument, the researchers

handed each respondents a paper which consist the questionnaires and later collected when the

respondents are done with the answer, the instruments used in this is only a questionnaire which

consist the different parts of the topic in this study.

 xxxii

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. The profile of
the citizen:
Age
Sex
Civil Status
Job taken
2. The status of
the livelihood
program as
perceived by
the livelihood
workers in
terms of:
2.1 Efficiency of Analysis of Input
the training
for the through the use of:
workers
2.2 Motivation
2.3 Suitability of 1. Interviews
Recommendations
the program to
the locality 2. Checklist
3 What are the
3. Statistical
effects of the
program to the
livelihood Computation
workers of the
barangay in terms
of?
3.1 Socio-
economic
status
3.2 Personal
growth
 xxxiii

Figure 2. Paradigm of the flow of the study

Chapter 4

Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data

This chapter includes the researcher’s analysis, presentation and interpretation of data

gathers in the study. It answers the specific questions posted in Chapter 2. The presentation is

divided into three parts.

Part one presents the profile of the livelihood workers as to their: age, sex, civil status,

and the type of work or activities they are engaged in.

Part two discusses the status of the livelihood program as perceived by the livelihood

workers in terms of efficiency of the training for the workers, motivation, and suitability of the

program to the locality.

Part three presents the effects of the program to the livelihood workers of the barangay in

terms of socio-economic status and personal growth.

Profile of the Subjects

This section presents the profile of the livelihood workers as to their: age, sex, civil

status, and the type of work or activities they are engaged in.
 xxxiv

This portion reflects the information gathered from the respondents to classify them and

obtain interpretative data.

Table 1. Distribution of Livelihood Workers as to their Age

Age Interval Frequency Percentage

24-26 3 30%
21-23 1 10%
18-20 6 60%
Total 10 100

Table 1 shows the distribution of each livelihood workers as to the age intervals. This

interesting relationship between the frequency distribution and the age also reveals the

percentage population of every livelihood workers as to which interval of age they belong.

From the table shown above, it reveals that mostly 60% of livelihood workers are at the

age of 18-20 years old. 30% are at the age of 24-26 years old and 10% of livelihood workers are

at the age of 21-23. Therefore, there are more livelihood workers at the young ages of 18-20.

Table 2. Distribution of livelihood workers as to Gender

Livelihood Male Female

Activities
Chorizo Making 2 1
Sewing 2
Gardening 1 1
 xxxv

Carpentry 2
Electrical Works 1
Total 6 4

Table 2 shows the distribution of respondents as to their gender of livelihood workers.

Livelihood in barangay Alang-Alang reveals that there are two male and one female livelihood

workers in chorizo making, two female workers in sewing, one male and one female worker in

gardening, and there are two male workers in carpentry and one male worker in electrical works.

Table 3. Distribution of livelihood workers as to their Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 7 70%

Married 3 30%

Total 10 100%

Table 3 displays the distribution of livelihood workers as to their civil status. The total

population of livelihood workers in Alang-Alang was divided into two groups, namely single and

married as shown from the table, it reveals that there are 30% of livelihood workers are already

married while 70% are still single workers in their livelihood.

Table 4. Distribution of Livelihood workers as to their type of work

Job or activities for livelihood Frequency Percentage

Chorizo making 3 30%
Sewing 2 20%
Gardening 2 20%
Carpentry 2 20%
Electrical Works 1 10%
 xxxvi

Total 10 100%

Table 4 displays the distribution of the job or activity for livelihood program. As

perceived from the table, there are five jobs: Chorizo making, Sewing, Gardening, Carpentry,

and Electrical works. 30% of the respondent workers has a job of Chorizo making, 20% are dress

maker, gardener and carpenter. And 10% is an electrical worker.

Table 5. Efficiency of the training for the workers

Efficiency of the training for the workers Agree Disagree

Are your skills enhanced 100%

Did you gain knowledge or acquired deeper understanding 100%
during and after the training

Were you being resourceful 100%

Did you achieve your individual objectives 100%

Do you feel that you can contribute big in the company you 90% 10%
work with

Table 5 displays the distribution of the efficiency of the trainee for the worker. As

perceive from the table, 100% agree that their skills enhanced in livelihood program, that they

gain knowledge during and after training, that they become resourceful, and agree that they

achieve individual objectives. And 90% agree that they can contribute big to the company. On

the other hand, 100% disagree that he/she can contribute to the company.

Table 6. Motivation

Motivation Agree Disagree

Does your motivation contribute to your success in 100%
the livelihood program
 xxxvii

Is your program offered by the government or by the 80% 20%

committee in a line with the needs of the locality
Do you find your goal in life motivating 100%

Table 6 depicts the motivation of livelihood in barangay Alang-alang. Both 100% agree

that the motivation contributes success in the livelihood program and their goals in life makes

them motivate and agree that their goals in life makes them motivated. 80% agree that the

program offered by the government or the committee in line with the needs of locality while 20%

disagree in it.

Table 7. Suitability of the Program to the Locality

Suitability of the Program to the locality Agree Disagree

The livelihood program offered in the 100%
locality is aligned to the needs of the
community
The program is suitable to the skills of the 80% 20%
residents
The program helps the involved residents to 100%
become effective workers

Table 7 provides the suitability of the program to the locality. It reveals that 10% agree

that the livelihood program offered in the locality is aligned to the needs of the community. 80%

agree that the program is suitable to the skills of the respondents and 20% disagree about it.

Lastly, 10% agree that the program helps the involved respondents to become effective workers.
 xxxviii

Table 8. Socio-economic Status

Socio-economic Status Yes No

Does the livelihood program offer by the barangay 60% 40%
helps to the monthly income of the family?
Does the family members in each of the residents are 40% 60%
given with different works in livelihood program?
Do you own your own home? (including paying a 30% 70%
mortage)?
Do you own your own working vehicle? (car, truck, 20% 80%
SUV)?
Do you have permanent resident? 70% 30%

Table 8 provides the distribution of the socio-economic as the type of their status. From

the table shown above, it reveals that 60% answered yes that the livelihood program offered by

the barangay helps to the monthly income of the family while 40% answered No. Also, 40%

answered yes to the respondents that each of their family member were given different works in

livelihood program and 60% answered No. 30% answered yes that they own a house including

paying of mortage and 70% answered No. 20% of the respondents own a working vehicle and 8-

80% of them don’t own a working vehicle. And lastly, 70% of the respondents have a permanent

resident and 30% of the respondents don’t have a permanent resident.

 xxxix

Table 9. Personal Growth

Personal Growth Yes No

Did you learn new things 90% 10%
from your training
Do you believe in talent more 20% 80%
than effort
Is your goal means more to 100%
you
Are your goals usually 80% 20%
motivated by what others
think you should do or
become?
Was the training useful to 90% 10%
you?

Table 9 shows the distribution of the personal Growth as to the type of work they are

assigned. As perceived from the table. It reveals that 90% answered yes that they learned new

things from their training and 10% answered No that they didn't learn. Also, 20% of the

respondents believe in talent more than effort while 80% of them didn't believe in talent more

than effort. Moreover, 100% answered yes that their goals mean is much to them. 80% of the

participants are motivated by what others think they should do while the 20% decided it on their

own. Lastly, 90% of the respondents answered that the training is useful to them while 10%

answered No that it didn't help them.

 xl

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary of the Findings

The study was conducted in barangay Alang-Alang Mandaue City for the purpose of

knowing the status of livelihood program. The method of research used was the descriptive

method to utilize as a technique for gathering data. Survey research was conducted to serve as an

instrument for collecting data. All the livelihood workers we're the respondents. 20% of the

respondents were the sewers or dressmaker, Gardener and carpenters while 10% were electrical

worker, and 30% are chorizo maker.

Conclusion

From the findings, the Barangay Alang-Alang livelihood program has more male workers

than female and thus, the job offerings offered to the livelihood program are more suited for

males. Also, we conclude that the status and the effects perceived by the livelihood program are

very efficient and effective to the livelihood workers of barangay Alang-Alang.

Recommendations
 xli

Based from the conclusion cited by the researchers, the following are their

recommendations:

1. Adding more livelihood activities for the opportunity of poor citizens

to have a job.

2. Family members in each of the residents should be given different

works in livelihood program.

3. The program should focus on providing skills and linking beneficiaries

for the citizens.

 xlii

Organization of the Study

Chapter 1 if this research study contains the discussion of the following topics:

Introduction, rationale of the study, the statement of the problem and the significance of the

study.

Chapter 2 discusses related literature and studies and provides the discussion of the

characteristics and the amount of related literature.

Chapter 3 explains the research design of the study together with the sub-topics with the

research methodology, research environment, research respondents, research subjects, method of

collecting data and development of the research instrument as well as the research procedure.

Chapter 4 illustrates the analysis of the data, their presentation, and their factual

interpretation.

Chapter 5 is the final chapter where in the major topics includes the brief discussion

about the summary of the findings, conclusions, and the recommendations.

 xliii

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APPENDICES
 l

Appendix A

Letter of Request to The Manager of Goodwill Cebu Incorporation

UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS – MANDAUE

PRARIDEL ST., ALANG-ALANG MANDAUE CITY
January 19, 2021

MR. JESSE JAMES GO

The Council and In-charge

Barangay Alang-alang
Mandaue City, Cebu

Sir:
Warm Greetings!
The Grade-12 senior high school students of the University of the Visayas- Mandaue would like
to conduct a study about the livelihood program and due to this, we have chosen your barangay
as one of our source of information.

In this connection we would like to ask your kind permission to allow us to come into your office
to ask information about this matter within your most convenient time.
Thank you so much and may God Bless You.
 li

Respectfully yours,

ANGELIE T. JALANDONI, et. al.

Research Representative

Notes by:
DR. ROSITA G. GARGANTIEL
BED Principal
Appendix B

The Research Instrument

Interview Guide

Name: __________________________________________ Date: ______________

Sex: _________________

Age: _________________

Demographic profile of the livelihood workers

Age
Sex
Civil status
Type of work/ activities they engage

Status of the livelihood program as perceived by the livelihood workers

Efficiency of the training for the workers

Motivation
 lii

Suitability of the program to the locality

Effects of the program to the livelihood workers

Socio-economic status

Personal growth

Appendix C

The Research Instrument

Checklist Survey Questionnaire

Name: _________________________________________ Date: ________________

Age: ___________ Sex: ____________ Civil Status: ______________

Test I. Put a check mark on inside the box below if you have taken this job or activities to the

livelihood.

Sewing Housekeeping Cooking Chorizo Making

Weaving Gardening Carpentry

Plumbing Welding Electrical Works

Others: ______________________
 liii

Test II. Direction: Put a check mark inside the table under the weight of mark those that best

describe the item.

Efficiency of the training for the workers Agree Neither Disagree

Agree
nor
Disagree
 Are your skills enhanced?
 Did you gain knowledge or acquired deeper understanding
during and after the training?
 Were you being resourceful?
 Did you achieve your individual objectives?
 Do you feel that you can contribute big in the company you
work with?
Motivation
 How motivated do you feel at work?
 How stimulating can you find a day to day task?

 Does your motivation contribute to your success in the

livelihood program?
 Is your program offered by the government or by the
committee in a line with the needs of the locality?
 Do you find your goal in life motivating?

Suitability of the Program to the Locality

 liv

 The livelihood program offered in the locality is aligned to

the needs of the community.
 The program is suitable to the skills of the residents.

 The program helps the involved residents to become

effective workers.

Test III. Direction: Put a check mark inside the table under the weight of mark those that best

describe the item.

Socio-economic Status Yes No

 Does the livelihood program offer by the barangay helps
to the monthly income of the family?
 Does the family members in each of the residents are
given with different works in livelihood program

 Do you own your own home (includes paying a mortage)?

 Do you own your own working vehicle (car, truck, SUV)?
 Do you have permanent resident?
Personal Growth
 Did you learn new things from your training
 Do you believe in talent more than effort
 Is your goal means more to you
 Are your goals usually motivated by what others think
you should do or become?
 Was the training useful to you?
 lv

Appendix D

Location Map
 lvi

CURRICULUM VITAE
 lvii

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Amorante, Archie E.

Course & Year: Housekeeping 12

Present Address: SVF Tambis Umapad, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Cebu City

Date of Birth: May 14, 1999

Name of Mother: Andresa R. Escala

Name of Father: Generoso B. Amorante

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Mandaue City Central School

Secondary: University of the Visayas Mandaue Campus

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lviii

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Alivio, Kyle

Course & Year: HUMSS 12

Present Address: Umapad, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Mandaue City

Date of Birth: October 4, 2002

Name of Mother: Cherrime Alivio

Name of Father: Roy Alivio

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Opao Elementary School

Secondary: Don Gerardo Ilamera Ouano

Memorial National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

lix
 lx

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Arguedo, Chloe S.

Course & Year: Housekeeping 12

Present Address: Looc, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Mandaue City

Date of Birth: August 31, 2001

Name of Mother: Maria Visminda S. Arguedo

Name of Father: Jennifer R. Arguedo

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Mandaue City Central School

Secondary: University of the Visayas Mandaue

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxi

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Banilad, Dad Dave M.

Course & Year: Housekeeping 12

Present Address: Paknaan, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Danao City, Cebu

Date of Birth: March 2, 2003

Name of Mother: Lani Ann M. Banilad

Name of Father: Erwin Banilad

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Paknaan, Elementary School

Secondary: University of the Visayas Mandaue

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxii

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Baredo, Lady Erika B.

Course & Year: GAS 12

Present Address: Opao, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Ozamiz City Misamis Occidental

Date of Birth: September 4, 2001

Name of Mother: Lorna B. Baredo

Name of Father: Venerando T. Baredo

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Mandaue City Central School

Secondary: University of the Visayas Mandaue Campus

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxiii

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Basubas, Lucas Annri C.

Course & Year: Housekeeping 12

Present Address: Tipolo, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Cebu City

Date of Birth: Decemebr 11, 2002

Name of Mother: Annie C. Basubas

Name of Father: Rico A. Basubas

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Tipolo Elementary School

Secondary: Tipolo National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxiv

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Basubas, Warren C.

Course & Year: Housekeeping 12

Present Address: Tipolo, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Gingoog City

Date of Birth: August 11, 2001

Name of Mother: Annie C. Basubas

Name of Father: Rico A. Basubas

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Tipolo Elementary School

Secondary: University of the Visayas Mandaue Campus

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxv

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Decena, Regine Mae A.

Course & Year: HUMSS 12

Present Address: Zone Camanse Paknaan, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Paknaan, Mandaue City

Date of Birth: November 20, 2002

Name of Mother: Jhonalyn A. Decena

Name of Father: Dizon C. Decena

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Paknaan Elementary School

Secondary: Paknaan National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxvi

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Derit, Kimverly O.

Course & Year: ICT 12

Present Address: Sudlon Villa Fatima, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Santa Fe Kinatarcan Cebu

Date of Birth: March 5, 2003

Name of Mother: Eva O. Derit

Name of Father: Edgar M. Derit

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Maguikay Elementary School

Secondary: Maguikay National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxvii

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Fernandez, Michael

Course & Year: GAS 12

Present Address: Maguikay, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Cebu City

Date of Birth: July 18, 2002

Name of Mother: Marjorie Fernandez

Name of Father: Mario Fernandez

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Maguikay Elementary School

Secondary: University of Southern Philippines Foundation

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxviii

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Hortelano, Jacqueline T.

Course & Year: HUMSS 12

Present Address: Opao Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Mandaue City

Date of Birth: October 10, 2002

Name of Mother: Maria Fe Hortelano

Name of Father: Leon Hortelano

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Opao Elementary School

Secondary: Don Gerardo Ll. Ouano Memorial National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxix

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jalandoni, Angelie T.

Course & Year: GAS 12

Present Address: Plaridel St. Cambaro, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: San Remigio, Cebu

Date of Birth: December 27, 2002

Name of Mother: Estrella T. Jalandoni

Name of Father: Richard J. Sinangote

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Mandaue City Central School

Secondary: Mandaue City Comprehensive National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxx

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Lamanilao, April Ann

Course & Year: GAS 12

Present Address: Paknaan, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Alang-Alang, Mandaue City

Date of Birth: April 1, 2002

Name of Mother: Liza Mellorin

Name of Father: Rocil Lamanilao

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Sentinila Elementary School

Secondary: Paknaan National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxxi

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Lopez, Leoven Jay P.

Course & Year: Housekeeping 12

Present Address: Labogon, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Cordova, Cebu City

Date of Birth: October 24, 2001

Name of Mother: Evelyn P. Lopez

Name of Father: Leo R. Lopez

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Mohon Elementary School

Secondary: Mohon National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City

 lxxii

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Tantoy, Mylene

Course & Year: GAS 12

Present Address: Paknaan, Mandaue City

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Place of Birth: Mandaue City

Date of Birth: March 25, 2003

Name of Mother: Carmelita M. Tantoy

Name of Father: Marcial G. Pescalia

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Paknaan Elementary School

Secondary: Paknaan National High School

Tertiary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue

Plaridel St. Reclamation Mandaue City