EMATH 213

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
MW, 9:00 A.M. – 10:30 A.M.
2021-2022

EXERCISE NO. 7
(Exact Differential Equations)

Submitted by:
Justine D. Botilla
BSCE 2-D1

Submitted to:
Engr. Jejomar U. Duque
EMATH 213 Instructor
Part I. Determine whether the given differential equation is exact. If it’s exact, solve it.

𝒂. (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
(𝑥2 − 𝑦2)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥2 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀 = (𝑥2 − 𝑦2) 𝑁 = (𝑥2 − 2𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑀 = (𝑥2 − 𝑦2)
𝑑𝑁
= (𝑥2 − 2𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑀 = 2𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑀 ≠ 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.

𝒃. (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒚𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = (𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)𝒅𝒚

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
(𝑥2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑦2 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (3𝑥𝑦2 + 2𝑦 cos 𝑥)𝑑𝑦
(𝑥2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑦2 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (−3𝑥𝑦2 − 2𝑦 cos 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑦2 sin 𝑥 𝑁 = −3𝑥𝑦2 − 2𝑦 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑀 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑦2 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑁
= −3𝑥𝑦2 − 2𝑦 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑀 = 0 − 3𝑦2 + 2𝑦 sin 𝑥 = −3𝑦2 + 2𝑦 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑀 = −3𝑦2 + 2𝑦 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑀 = 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑦2 sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑥2𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦2 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑥𝑦3 − 𝑦2 cos 𝑥
3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(−3𝑥𝑦2 − 2𝑦 cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −3𝑥 ∫ 𝑦2𝑑𝑦 − 2 cos 𝑥 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦3 𝑦2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −3𝑥 ( ) − 2 cos 𝑥 ( )
3 2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 cos 𝑥
3 2

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶
𝑥3
[ − 𝑥𝑦3 − 𝑦2 cos 𝑥 = 𝐶] 3
3
𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟑 − 𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝑪
𝟑
 𝟑 𝒅𝒚 𝟑
𝒄. (𝟏 − + 𝒙) +𝒚 = −𝟏
𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
3 𝑑𝑦 3
[(1 − + 𝑥) + (𝑦 − + 1) = 0] 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
3 3
(1 − + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 − + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑦 𝑥
3 3
(𝑦 − + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + (1 − + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 3 𝑦
3
𝑀 =𝑦− +1 𝑁 =1− +𝑥
𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑀 3 𝑑𝑁 3
=𝑦− +1 =1− +𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑀 =1−0+0 =0−0+1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝑁
=1 =1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑀 = 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.
3 3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑦 − + 1) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 − + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 − 3 ∫ + 𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 − 3 ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 − 3 ln 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦
1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶 (𝑒𝑥𝑦+𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑥3𝑦3𝐶)
𝑥3𝑦3
𝒆𝒙𝒚+𝒙+𝒚
𝑥𝑦 − 3 ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3 ln 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝐶 𝒙𝟑𝒚𝟑
=𝑪

𝒅. (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽)𝒅𝒓 + 𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 (𝟐𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝟏)𝒅𝜽 = 𝟎

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
(sin 𝜃 − 2𝑟 cos2 𝜃)𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟 cos 𝜃 (2𝑟 sin 𝜃 + 1)𝑑𝜃 = 0
𝑀 = sin 𝜃 − 2𝑟 cos2 𝜃 𝑁 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 (2𝑟 sin 𝜃 + 1)
𝑑𝑀 = sin 𝜃 − 2𝑟 cos2 𝜃
𝑑𝑁
= 2𝑟2 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑀 = cos 𝜃 − 2𝑟(−2 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃) = 4𝑟 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑀 = cos 𝜃 + 4𝑟 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 + 4𝑟 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝑀 = 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.

𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃 ) = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑟 = ∫(sin 𝜃 − 2𝑟 cos2 𝜃)𝑑𝑟 𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃 ) = ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ 𝑟 cos 𝜃 (2𝑟 sin 𝜃 + 1)𝑑𝜃

𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃) = sin 𝜃 ∫ 𝑑𝑟 − 2 cos2 𝜃 ∫ 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃) = ∫(2𝑟2 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟 cos 𝜃)𝑑𝜃
𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃) = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 − 𝑟2 cos2 𝜃 𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃) = 2𝑟2 ∫ cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + 𝑟 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
1
𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃) = 2𝑟2 (− cos2 𝜃) + 𝑟 sin 𝜃
2
𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃) = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 + 𝑟2 sin2 𝜃
𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃) = 𝐶

𝑟 sin θ − 𝑟 2 cos 2 θ + 𝑟 2 sin2 θ = 𝐶

𝒓 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 − 𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜽+r sin 𝜽) = 𝑪

 𝟐 𝟐
𝒆. 𝟐𝒙 (𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒚𝒆−𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝒆−𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
2 2
2𝑥(3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑒−𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥2 + 3𝑦2 + 𝑒−𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
2 2
𝑀 = 2𝑥(3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑒−𝑥 ) 𝑁 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑦2 + 𝑒−𝑥
𝑑𝑀 = 6𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑒−𝑥
2 𝑑𝑁 2
= 𝑥2 + 3𝑦2 + 𝑒−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑑𝑁 2
𝑑𝑀 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒−𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒−𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑀 = 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.
2 2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑥(3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑒−𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑥2 + 3𝑦2 + 𝑒−𝑥 )𝑑𝑦
2 2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ (6𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑒−𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥2 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + 3 ∫ 𝑦2𝑑𝑦 + 𝑒−𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
2 2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 6 ∫3 𝑥2𝑑𝑥2 + 2𝑦 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦 ∫ 𝑥𝑒−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥2𝑦 + 𝑦3 + 𝑦𝑒−𝑥
6𝑥 2𝑥 𝑦 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = + − 2𝑦 (− 𝑒 −𝑥2 )
3 2 2
2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥3 + 𝑥2𝑦 + 𝑦𝑒−𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶
2
2𝑥3 + 𝑥2𝑦 + 𝑦𝑒−𝑥 + 𝑦3 = 𝐶
𝟐
𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐𝒚 + 𝒚𝒆−𝒙 = 𝑪

Part II. Solve the initial problem.

𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

𝒂. = ; 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝒚(𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐)
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦2 − cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
[ = ] 𝑑𝑥[𝑦(1 − 𝑥2)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑦(1 − 𝑥2)
𝑦(1 − 𝑥2)𝑑𝑦 − (𝑥𝑦2 − cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑀 = −𝑥𝑦2 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑁 = 𝑦(1 − 𝑥2)
𝑑𝑀 = −𝑥𝑦2 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑁
= 𝑦 − 𝑥2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑀 = −2𝑥𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑀 = 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(−𝑥𝑦2 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦(1 − 𝑥2)𝑑𝑦

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑦22∫2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫2𝑦𝑑𝑦 2−2𝑥2 ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑦 1 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = − − cos2 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −
2 2 22 2 2
𝑥2𝑦2+sin2 𝑥 𝑦 −𝑥 𝑦2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) =
2 2

𝑓(𝑥,2 𝑦)2 =2 𝐶 2 𝑦 = 2; 𝑥 = 0
𝑦 −𝑥 𝑦 +sin 𝑥
( = 𝐶) 2 22 − (0 )2(2)2 +sin2 0 = 𝐶
2
𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑦 +sin2𝑥 = 𝐶
2 2 2 𝑪=4
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 +sin𝟐𝒙 = 4
𝒃. 𝟑𝒚(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 ; 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟏
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
3𝑦(𝑥2 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥3 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀 = 3𝑦(𝑥2 − 1) 𝑁 = 𝑥3 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑥
𝑑𝑀 = 3𝑥2𝑦 − 3𝑦
𝑑𝑁
= 𝑥3 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑀 = 3𝑥2 − 3 = 3𝑥2 − 3
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑀 = 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3𝑦(𝑥2 − 1)𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑥3 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑦

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(3𝑥2𝑦 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥3 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + 8 ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 3𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
8𝑦2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑦 ∫ 𝑥2𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑦 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥3𝑦 +
2
− 3𝑥𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥3𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥3𝑦 + 4𝑦2 − 3𝑥𝑦

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶
𝑥3𝑦 + 4𝑦2 − 3𝑥𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑦 = 1; 𝑥 = 0
03(1) + 4(1)2 − 3(0)(1) = 𝐶
𝐂=𝟒
x3y + 4y2 − 3xy = 4
𝒚(𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙) = 𝟒

𝒄. (𝒚𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟐𝒚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝐥𝐧 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 ; 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝒆

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
(𝑦2 cos 𝑥 − 3𝑥2𝑦 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥3 + ln 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀 = 𝑦2 cos 𝑥 − 3𝑥2𝑦 − 2𝑥 𝑁 = 2𝑦 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥3 + ln 𝑦
𝑑𝑀 = 2𝑦 cos 𝑥 − 3𝑥2
𝑑𝑁
= 2𝑦 cos 𝑥 − 3𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑀 = 𝑁. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑦2 cos 𝑥 − 3𝑥2𝑦 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦2 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑦 ∫ 𝑥2𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦2 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥3𝑦 − 𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(2𝑦 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥3 + ln 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2 sin 𝑥 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑥3 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ln 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦2 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥3𝑦 + 𝑦 ln 𝑦 − 𝑦

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶 𝑦 = 𝑒; 𝑥 = 0
𝑦2 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥3𝑦 − 𝑥2 + 𝑦 ln 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝐶 𝑒2 sin 0 − (0)3𝑒 − (0)2 + 𝑒(ln 𝑒 − 1) = 𝐶
𝑦2 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥3𝑦 − 𝑥2 + 𝑦(ln 𝑦 − 1) = 𝐶 𝐂=𝟎

𝒚𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟑𝒚 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚(𝐥𝐧 𝒚 − 𝟏) = 𝟎