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Lecture 3 - Solution

This document discusses exact differential equations. It provides the definition and conditions for an equation to be exact, then gives several examples to determine if they are exact or not and find their solutions if exact. It also asks to find values of D that satisfy the exactness condition for two equations.

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14 views4 pages

Lecture 3 - Solution

This document discusses exact differential equations. It provides the definition and conditions for an equation to be exact, then gives several examples to determine if they are exact or not and find their solutions if exact. It also asks to find values of D that satisfy the exactness condition for two equations.

Uploaded by

hgz7c2bk4g
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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College of Engineering (CEI)

Course: Differential Equations (Math 204)


Instructor: Dr. Hakim Garalleh
Lecture 3 (Exact Equation)
𝐼𝐼) 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐷. 𝐸. ∶

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑀𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠:

𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 , 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑙𝑦, 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠:

𝑑𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
= ,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑖𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥

∫ 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝐴(𝑦) = 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦),

𝐴(𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥

𝑑𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦)
+ 𝐴′ (𝑦) = 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) ,
𝑑𝑦

𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑤𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴(𝑦) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐴(𝑦)

𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟏: 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡:

𝐴) (𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝐵) (2𝑟𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) 𝑑𝑟 − (𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑟 2 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 0

𝐶) (3𝑦 + 𝑒 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

1
𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑖𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡

𝐴) (𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 , 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ?

𝐵) (𝑦𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 , 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ?

2
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐶) = 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ?
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑒𝑥
𝐷) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0, 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ?
𝑦

3
𝑦 𝑥
𝐸) ( − 𝑙𝑛𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 − + 𝑙𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 = 0, 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ?
𝑥 𝑦

𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟑: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐷 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝐴) (3 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝐷 𝑥 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (2 𝑥 3 𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝐵) (𝑦 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐷 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

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