Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

8 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 3:
Relations and Functions

Name of Learner: __________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
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Name of School: ___________________________
 Topic 1. Relations and Functions

What I Need To Know

Objective: At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:

1. Illustrates a relation and a function. (M8AL-IIc-1)

2. Verifies if a given relation is a function. (M8AL-IIc-2)

3. Determines dependent and independent variables. (M8AL-IIc-3)

What’s In
Activity 1 : CLASSIFY ME

Directions: Group the following objects in such a way that they have common properties/
characteristics.

fork liquid eraser grater

pencil knife iPod

laptop ballpen pot

digital camera tablet cellphone

ladle notebook paper

Kitchen Utensils School Supplies Gadgets

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 Form some ordered pairs using the format: (object, common name)

a) Column 1:________________________________________________________.

b) Column 2:________________________________________________________.

c) Column 3:________________________________________________________.

Questions:

1. How many objects can be found in each column?

2. How did you classify the objects?

3. Based on the ordered pairs you have formulated, is there a repetition of the first element of the
ordered pairs? What about the second element?

What’s New
Activity 2: NO WORK NO PAY

Suppose you are working in a fast food company. You earn Php 40 per hour .Your earnings are
related to the number of hours of work.

1. How much will you earn if you work in 4 hours a day? How about in 5 hours? 6 hours ? 7 hours?
Or 8 hours ?

2. Express each as an ordered pair .

3. Does the set of ordered pairs represent a relation?

4. How is a relation represented?

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 What is it
A function can be represented by using a table or a set of ordered pairs of numbers, by
mapping, by picture or graph, by equation and by rule or correspondence expressed in words.

Illustrative Examples

1. Ruel Emlano works in Happy Bee Food House. As a waiter, he earns ₱40 for every hour of
service.

a. By using a table or a set of ordered pairs of numbers to represent Ruel’s earnings when he works
for a certain number of hours, we have

No. of Hours (H) : 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Earnings (E) : Ᵽ400 Ᵽ440 Ᵽ480 Ᵽ520 Ᵽ560 Ᵽ600 Ᵽ640

b. The information in the table can also be represented by mapping as shown below.

H E

10 Ᵽ400
11 Ᵽ440
12 Ᵽ480
13 Ᵽ520
14 Ᵽ560
15 Ᵽ600
16 Ᵽ640

one – to – one correspondence

Arrows are used to show the pairs of a function. In the figure above, the arrow from 10 to
Ᵽ400 shows that the ordered pair ( 10, Ᵽ400 ) is an element of the given function. When pictures and
arrows are used in representing a function, the function maybe called a mapping.

In the mapping above, each element in H pairs with only one element in E. This kind of
pairing or matching is called a one-to-one correspondence. Other kinds of pairing are given below.

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 X Y

Y X

2
1 1
1 3
4
-1

5 6
2
4 10
-2 11

3
9
-3
one-to-many correspondence

many-to-one correspondence

In many-to-one correspondence, many (more than one) numbers in X pair with the same
number in Y. For example, 1 and -1 in X are both paired with 1 in Y; 2 and -2 in X are both paired
with 4 in Y; and 3 and -3 in X are both paired with 9 in Y.

In a one-to-many correspondence, one number in X is paired with different numbers in Y.

For example, 1 in X is paired with 2, 3, and 4 in Y.

Note: A one-to-one correspondence and a many-to-one correspondence are called

functions while the one-to-many correspondence is not.

Let us graph the ordered pairs: {(10, Ᵽ400), (11, Ᵽ440), (12, Ᵽ480), (13, Ᵽ520), (14, Ᵽ560),
(15, Ᵽ600), (16, Ᵽ640)}.

In the graph, the x-coordinate stands for the number of hours and the y-coordinate, the earning in
pesos.

c. The table and the graph clearly show

640
the relationship between the earnings and the
600
total number of hours. That is, the total earnings
560
of Ruel is Ᵽ40 times the number of hours he
Earnings in pesos

520
worked. That is the rule or correspondence

expressed in words. 480

440

400

10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Number of Hours
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d. In symbols, the rule can be expressed by the equation

E = 40h

Where h is the number of hours and E in the total earnings in pesos.

The Vertical Line Test

-1 0 1 2
-1

-2

-3

Not all graphs represent functions. For instance, the graph above does not represent a
function because two y values are assigned to one x value for all x> -1. A vertical line drawn on the
graph shows that two different y values, 2 and -3, have been assigned to the same x value, 2.

Remember :

A set of points in a coordinate plane is the graph of a function if and only if no

vertical line intersects the graph at more than one point.

Function – is a set of ordered pairs in which no two ordered pairs have the
same first element. Clearly, a function is a special type of relation.
Furthermore, all functions are relations but not all relations are
functions.

Relation – a correspondence between two variables, x and y, or as a set of

ordered pairs (x, y) where x is related to y.

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 What’s More
:
Activity 3 ILLUSTRATE ME!

Given the graph, complete the set of ordered pairs and the table of values; draw the mapping
diagram; and generate the rule.

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Set of ordered pairs:

{(0,6), (1,5), ( __, __ ) , ( __, __ ), ( __ , __ ) ,( __ , __ ), ( __ , __ )}

Table Mapping Diagram

x y A B

Rule : ____________________________
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 What I Have Learned
A. Using vertical line test, identify which graph represents a function.

____1. y ______2. y

x x

______3. ______4.

y y

x x

B. State whether each of the following is a function or not. Give a reason for your answer.

1. The rule which assigns to each person his/her Taxpayer’s Identification Number.

2. The rule which assigns to each month its corresponding number of days.

3. The rule which assigns to each person his/her friend.

4. The rule which assigns to each polygon its corresponding number of Diagonals.

5. The rule which assigns to each perfect square its square root.

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 What I Can Do
A. Determine whether each graph represents a function or a mere relation.

______ 1. _______ 2.

_______ 3.

B. Tell whether each mapping diagram illustrates a function or a mere relation.

______ 4. A B _______ 5. X Y

1 1
dog puppy
2 1/2
cat kitten
3 1/3
bear cub

sheep lamb

______ 6. A B horse colt

-3
5
-1

3
10
1

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C. Identify whether each item below represents a function or not.

______ 7. {(1, 1) , (2, 2) , (3, 3) , (4, 4) , (5, 5)}

______ 8. {(-1, 0) , (-1, 0) , (-3, 1) , (-3, 1)}

______ 9. x + y2 = 10

______ 10. x2 – y = 2

Topic 2 . Dependent and Independent

Variables

What’s In
Direction: True or False
Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect.

____1. All functions are relations.

____2. All relations are functions.

____3. One-to-one, many – to-one and one-to-many relationships are

examples of relations.

____4. All examples in number # 3 are all functions.

____5. One – to – many relationship is not a function.

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 What’s New
Activity : NO WORK NO PAY

You are working at Manuel’s Resort and earns Ᵽ50 per hour. Suppose you only works 2 hours in the
first day, 8 hours in the second day and 5 hours on the third day. Compare your daily salary.

Questions: 1. How much you can earn in a longer hours? in shorter hours?

2. What are the variables in the situation?

3. Which variable depends on the other? controls the other?

4. In an equation y = f(x) , what variable represents x? how about y?

What is it

Dependent and Independent Variables

To denote a functional relationship between two variables x and y, use the equation y = f(x),
translated as “y equals f of x”. The variable x is the independent variable and the variable y is the
dependent variable.

In an equation where y is expressed in terms of x, the variable x is considered the independent

variable because any value could be assigned to it. However, the variable y is the dependent variable
because its value depends on the value of x.

Recall that in a function, the value of y in the ordered pair (x, y) depends on the value of x.
Given a function f(x), the value of y can be determined by evaluating f(x) based on the value of x.

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 What’s More
Activity 1: Minds–On

Description: Variables may be dependent or independent. Dependent variable depends on the

independent variable while the independent variable controls the dependent variable.

Direction: Classify the variable as independent or dependent.

1. time and salary

Independent variable :_________________
Dependent variable : _________________

2. the number of hours boiling and the number of ounces of water in the pot
Independent variable : ________________
Dependent variable : ________________

3. the distance covered and the volume of the gasoline

Independent variable : ________________
Dependent variable : ________________

4. the number of cars in a parking lot and the time of day

Independent variable : ________________
Dependent variable : ________________

5. your level of engagement in class and your level of understanding

Independent variable : ________________
Dependent variable : ________________

What I Can Do
Description : This task provides counter examples to the previous activity.

Directions : Think of two quantities related to each other. Identify the

independent and dependent variables. Give five examples.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Questions : 1. What five pairs of quantities did you choose? Why?

2. Can we see/experience them in real life

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 Assessment:
A. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the next ordered pair in the relation below?
{ (2, √2), (3,√3 ), (4, 2) ,(5, √5 ), (6, √6), (7, √7), … }
a. (8,8) b. ( √8, 8) c. (8, 2√2) d. (8, -8)
2. Which of the following has a graph of a function?
a. + =9 b. - =1 c. y - =4 d. x - = 16
3. Which of the following correspondence is a function?
i. one-to-one ii. one-to-many iii. many-to-one
a. i only b. ii only c. ii and iii d. i and iii
4. What value of x will make { (3,5) ,(7,9), (x – 3, 13) , (15, 17)} satisfy the relation
y = x + 2?
a. 6 b. 10 c. 14 d. 18
5. Which of the following is not a function?
a. The rule which assigns to each integer its factor
b. The rule which assigns to every person his/her biological father
c. The rule which assigns to a person’s surname his/her gender
d. The rule which assigns to each counting number its reciprocal

B. Use the vertical line test to determine whether each group represents a function or a mere relation.
1. y 2. y

x x

3. y 4. y

x x

5.
C. Identify the independent and dependent variable.
1. the number of hours studied to grade on test
Independent variable : ________________
Dependent variable : ________________

2. height of a plant to the number of months grown

Independent variable : ________________
Dependent variable : _____________

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 References:
Emmanuel P. Abuzo, Merden L. Bryant, Jem Boy b. Cabrella, Belen P. Caldez, Melvin M.
Callanta, Anastacia Proserfina I. Castro, Alicia R. Halabaso, Sonia P. Javier, Roger T.
Nocom, and Concepcion S. Ternida, Mathematics- Grade 8 Learner’s Module First
edition, 2013. pp 151-156, August 2020.

Fernando B. Orines , Zenaida B. Diaz, Maharlika P. Mojica, Catalina B. Manalo, Josephine

L. Suzara, Jesus P. Mercado, Mirla S. Esparrago, Nestor V. Reyae Jr., Next Century
Mathematics 8, Phoenix Publishing House,Copyright 2013 INC,pp 210-229, August 2020.

Orlando A. Oronce, Marilyn O. Mendoza, Exploring Mathematics Intermediate Algebra II

Textbook, RBSI First Edition 2003, pp 253-255, August 2020.

Mathematics - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 3 : Relations and Functions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Division of Zamboanga del Norte

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones

Development Team

Writer: Crisan D. Icao

Reviewer: Ismael K. Yusoph
Management Team:
SDS : Ma. Liza R. Tabilon EdD,CESO V
ASDS : Dr. Judith V. Romaguera
OIC- ASDS : Dr. Judelyn J. Ramos
OIC- ASDS : Mr. Armando P. Gumapon
CID Chief : Dr. Lilia E. Abello
LR: Dr. Evelyn C. Labad
PSDS : Dr. Glenda B. Gudmalin
Principal : Cristina D. Gumapon

Printed in the Philippines.

Department of Education - Region IX Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Poblacion North, Piñan, Zamboanga del Norte
Telefax: (062) 215 3747
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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 Answer Key:

Assessment

A.
1. c Topic 1. What’s More
2. d .
3. d
A. ordered pairs
4. c
{(0,6),(1,5),(2,4),(3,3),(4,2),(5,1)
5. a
,(6,0)}
B.
Table Mapping Diagram
1. function
x y
2.function
0 6
3.mere relation 0 6
1 5
4. mere relation 1 5
2 4
5. function 2 4
3 3
C. 3 3
4 2
1. IV : the number of hours studied 4 2
5 1
DV : grade on test 5 1
6 0
2. IV : the number of plants grown 6 0
DV : height of a plant

Topic 1. What I Can Do Rule: x + y = 6

A.
1.function B.
2.function 1.function
3.mere relation 2.function
B. 3. not function
4.function 4. not function
5.function
6.mere relation
C.
7.function
8.not function
9.function
10.not function

Topic 2. What’s In Topic 2. What’s More

1. True 1. IV : time
2. False DV : salary
3. True 2. IV : number of hours boiling
4. False DV: number of ounces of water in the pot
5. True 3. IV : the volume of the gasoline
DV: the distance covered
Topic 2. What’s New 4.IV: time of day
Answers may vary. DV: number of cars
5.IV: level of engagement in class
TopicReferences
2. What I Can Do DV: level of understanding
Answers may vary.
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