Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9
Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

SCIENCE Grade 9
Quarter 2 - Module 3
Ionic Compound

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Module
Ionic Compound
3
What I Need to Know
This module will increase you understanding about what is happening in the
atomic level during the formation of compounds. You will learn whether the sharing
or complete transfer of Electrons leads to the formation of compounds. The language
and instructions are designed according to your level of understanding.
Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain
electrons. This loss or gain leaves a full outer shell, so the electronic structure of an
ion is the same as that of a noble gas (such as helium, neon or argon).

An ion is like a molecule, except that it has an electrical charge. This almost
always means that it has unequal numbers of protons and electrons (there are other
charged particles). Ionic compounds are either positive and negative thus formulas
are needed to balance the total charges. They also have a simple system of naming.
Learning objectives of this module are the following:
1. Know how ions form.
2. Learn the characteristic charges that ions have.
3. Construct a proper formula for an ionic compound.

Thus, at the end of this module you are expected to:

1. Explain how Ions are formed. (S9MT-IIe-16)
Going through this module will make you understand what is happening in
the atoms during the formation of compounds. Look at the periodic table on the next
page. Did you notice the vertical arrangement of the elements? This is called group
or family. Notice the number in each group. Do you know what information it gives
you?
It tells you the number of valence electrons. Do you still remember the
meaning of valence electrons? Valence electrons give you the number of electrons at
the outermost energy level of atom. This is the information you need to know in order
for you to determine whether atoms transfer, accept, or share electrons to become
stable.

What’s In Score: ____

14

Activity 1. Mapping the Periodic Table

Objectives:
 Identify the number of valence electrons of atoms.
 Compare the electronegativity and ionization energy values of metals and non
– metals
Materials Needed:
 Crayons
 Periodic Table of Elements

Procedure:
Locate the metals, non-metals and noble gases. Color the area with metallic
elements blue; the non-metallic elements yellow; and the noble gases green. You may
refer your answer on the periodic table on page 16.

Directions: Write only the letter of your choice on the space provided before
each number.
For questions 1-3, choose the answer from the given options below.
A. Noble gases are at the rightmost column of the periodic table (group 18)
B. Facing the periodic table, metals are found before metalloids, on the right side
of the periodic table of elements (groups 1-13)
C. Facing the periodic table, metals are located before metalloids, on the left side
of the periodic table of elements (groups 1-13)
D. Facing the periodic table, non-metals are found after metalloids, on the right
side of the periodic table of elements (groups 14-17)

______1. Where can you find the metals in the periodic table
______2. Where can you find the non-metals in the periodic table?
______3. Where can you find the noble gases in the periodic table?
______4. Which number will give you an idea on the number of valence
electrons?
A. The atomic number
B. The group number
______5. What have you notice in the number of valence electrons of metals,
non-metals and noble gases?
A. Metals have lesser valence electrons than non -metals and all noble gases have
8 valence electrons except for helium, which has 2 valence electrons.
B. Metals have more valence electrons than non -metals and all noble gases have
18 valence electrons except for helium, which has 2 valence electrons.
For question 6-11. Write M for metals and NM for Non-Metals.
______6. less than 4 valence electrons
______7. more than 4 valence electrons
______8. low electronegativity
______9. high electronegativity
______10. low ionization energy
 ______11. high ionization energy

Do the next activity in order to get familiar with representing valence

electrons through the use of Lewis Symbol.

What’s New
The number of valence electrons can also be shown through the use of Lewis
Symbol. This symbol is composed of the chemical symbol of the element and dots
that represent the number of valence electrons.
The valence electrons are the electrons directly involved in forming bonds to
form compounds. It is important that you know the number of valence electrons so
that you can illustrate how bonds are formed.

Activity 2. Lewis Symbol Score: ____

Objectives: 26
 Write the Lewis Symbol of the common metals and non-metals.
 Show the relationship among the number of valence electrons,
electronegativity, and ionization energy.
Procedure:
Use the given periodic Table of elements on page 16 to determine the number
of valence electrons. You may refer to the group number where it belongs in filling
up the table. For the ionization energy, refer on figure 1 page 6.
Table 1. Lewis Symbols of Some Elements
Family Lewis Electronegativity Ionization
Element
or group Symbol Value Energy(kJ/mol)
520
Lithium 1  Li 0.98
1681
Fluorine 7 F 4.0

Sulfur 6 S 2.5
1000
Calcium 2 Ca 1.0
590
Nitrogen 5 N 3.0
1402
Aluminum 3 Al 1.5 578
Directions: Write your answer on the space provided for items 1-3. You may
refer your answer from table 1.
For numbers 1-3, arrange the elements found on table 1 in increasing order:
1) valence electrons ___________________________________________
2) electronegativity values __________________________________________
3) ionization energy ___________________________________________
4) What do you notice with the number of valence electrons, electronegativity values
and ionization energies of the elements? Encircle the letter of your choice.
A. As the number of valence electrons increases, electronegativity and
ionization energy decrease.
 B. As the number of valence electrons increases, electronegativity and
ionization energy also increase.
5) What kind of element has the
greatest tendency to attract
electrons? Why? Encircle the
letter of your choice.
A. Metals have the greatest
tendency to attract electrons
because they have low
electronegativity.
B. Non-metals have the greatest
tendency to attract electrons
because they have high
electronegativity.
6) What kind of element requires high
energy to remove its valence Figure 1. Ionization Energy Chart
electrons? Encircle the letter of
your choice.
A. Metals B. Non-Metals
You have just learned the relationship among the number of valence electrons,
electronegativity and ionization energy. The activities also helped you realize that it
is easy to write the Lewis Symbol of the representative element. The information that
you found out from the previous activity will be helpful in understanding chemical
bonding.
Do you know why atoms form compound? Have you heard about the Octet
rule? Octet Rule tells you that elements gain or lose or share electrons to achieve
the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas. Thus, after chemical bonding.
Atoms that gain or lose electrons are called ions, which can either be negatively
charge or positively charged.
Metals have low electronegativity and Ionization energy thus they tend to
transfer or lose electrons. However, Non –metals have high electronegativity and
Ionization energy. They have a greater tendency to attract electrons towards
themselves, thus non-metals tend to gain electrons. You will gain information about
chemical bonding that involves gaining and losing electrons as you do the next
activity.
Activity 3. Bonding by Transfer of Electrons Score: ____
24
Objectives:
 Illustrate how ionic bonding is formed.
 Show how ions are formed.
Materials:
Periodic Table of Elements (refer to page 16) and electronegativity
table of elements refer to figure 2 page 8
Procedure:
1. Select a Metallic and a non-metallic element. Write the symbol of the
selected elements. Take note of the Electronegativity value of both
 elements. Subtract the electronegativity value of the metallic element
from the non-metallic element.
Example:
Na EN=0.9 Cl EN=3.0

Thus:
3.0 – 0.90 = 2.1

Take note: If the difference is greater than 1.9, complete

transfer of electrons is possible.
2. With the use of an arrow, show the complete transfer of electrons.

Example:
Na Cl

3. Indicate the formation of cation and anion.

Na+ Cl-

After ionic bonding, Sodium (Na) became isoelectronic with Neon (Ne)
while Chlorine became isoelectronic with Argon (Ar) thus both sodium and
chlorine attained stability.
Isoelectronic means sodium (Na) attained the same electronic
configuration with Neon (Ne) and in the case of Chlorine, it acquired the same
configuration with that of argon (Ar). Thus, both of them became stable.
4. Make 3 combinations that will result to ionic bonding by following steps
1-3. Complete the table below.
Table 2. Ionic Bonding
Metallic
Electroneg Electronega Showing the Formati
element Symbols
ativity tivity value Electrone complete on of
and of the
value of of the non- gativity transfer of cation
Non- selected
elements metallic metallic difference electrons and
metallic
element element using arrows anion
element
Sodium Example:
Na 3.0 – 0.90
and
Cl
Na(EN=0.9) Cl(EN=3.0)
= 2.1
Na Cl Na+ Cl-
Chlorine
Potassium
and K
.82 2.96 2.14 K+Br-
Bromine Br
Lithium Li
.98 3.98 3 Li+F-
Fluorine F
Calcium Ca
1 3.44 2.44 Ca+O-
Oxygen O

Directions: Write only the letter of your choice on the space provided before
each number.
For numbers 1 -2, choose from the given options below.
A. Metals form cations because they completely give away electrons
B. Non-metals form anions because they attract electrons toward themselves
C. Both metals and non-metals can form either cations or anions because
both elements have the tendency to transfer electrons.
______1. What kind of element forms cation after ionic bonding? Why?
______2. What kind of element forms anion after ionic bonding?
______3. Why do ions form after ionic bonding?
A. Ions form after ionic bonding because this type of bond involves sharing
of electrons.
B. Ions form after ionic bonding because this type of bond involves
complete transfer of electrons.
______4. Did the atoms attain stability after ionic bonding? Explain your answer.
A. No, after ionic bonding the participating atoms either loses or gains
electrons thereby making it unstable for having an extra or lacking
electron.
B. Yes, after ionic bonding the participating atoms attain the stable
electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas.
______5. How can you tell that ionic bonding will take place between metals and
non- metals?
A. Ionic bonding will take place between metal and non-metal with
electronegativity difference of greater than 1.9
B. Ionic bonding will take place between metal and non-metal with
electronegativity difference of less than 1.9
______6. Will all combinations of metals and non- metals form ionic bond? Why?
A. Yes, because metals tend to give away their electrons while non-metals
tend to accept electrons.
B. Only those with electronegativity difference of more than 1.9 will result
to an ionic bond.

Based on activity 3, you were able to explore how ions are formed.
 What is It
Activity 1, highlights the location of the metals, non-metals and noble gases
in the periodic table of elements. This activity, helped you master the use of the
periodic table so that you can easily determine the kind of atom you are dealing with.
The activity also introduced you to the idea that the group where
Element the element belongs which we also refer as the valence electrons
symbol plays an important role in the formation of compounds. That the
valence electrons are the outermost electrons directly involved in
Na chemical bonding
In activity 2, you represented the valence electron through
dots. Lewis symbol is composed of the symbol of the element and
dots which represent the number of valence electrons of an atom
Valence
that can easily be determined through the family /group number
Electron
Figure 3.Lewis Symbol in the periodic table of elements.
Atoms form bonds with one another to become stable and
attain the electronic configuration of the noble gas nearest it. Atoms are stable if
their electrons have the same kind of arrangement as that of the noble gases, where
the s and p orbitals are filled with electrons except for Helium, where only the s
orbitals are filled up. All the noble gases except helium have 8 valence electrons. The
Octet Rule tells you that elements gain or lose or share electrons to achieve the
electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas. Thus, after chemical bonding,
elements become isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas in the periodic table.
Take note that, electrons move and atoms may gain or lose electrons. There is
an electrostatic force of attraction existing between atoms.

Ionic Bonding
Activity 3, helped you explore the bonding by
transferring of electrons. This type of bonding is referred
as ionic bonding. An ionic bond involves complete
Na+ Cl-
transfer of electrons; thus, ions are formed. An ion is an Figure 4. Cation and Anion
atom that has acquired a charge by losing or gaining formation

electrons in order to achieve the stability of a noble gas. If

the atom loses electrons, it will have more protons than electrons and thus have a
positive charge; if the atom gains electrons, it will have more electrons than protons
and will carry a negative charge.
In the previous activities, you have learned that metals have low
electronegativity and non-metals have high electronegativity because this property
plays an important role in forming compounds.
Do you know what electronegativity means?
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons,
the higher its value, the higher its tendency to attract electrons.
How about ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy needed to pull or remove one or more
electron/s from a neutral atom. The lower the ionization energy, the easier it is to
remove its valence electrons. The transfer of an electrons creates ion- cations
(positive charge) and anions (negative charge)- an opposite charge attract each other.
Furthermore, ionic bonding involves metals with low electronegativity and
non-metals with high electronegativity. This kind of chemical bond only exists
between metals and non-metals.
Also, the best way to do in choosing the combination that will form ionic bond
is by computing the electronegativity difference between the two elements. A
combination which has an electronegativity difference of above 1.9 will result to ionic
bond.
However, not all metal-nonmetal combinations will result in an ionic bond.
The best example of a metal-non-metal combination which do not result to ionic
bonding is AlCl3 because the electronegativity difference is only 1.5. thus, instead of
ionic bond the chemical combination formed a polar covalent bond.
Perform the next activity to further your knowledge about ion formation.

What’s More
Metals tend to lose electrons until they have the same number of
electrons as the noble gas "in front" of them on the periodic table. Nonmetals
tend to gain electrons until they have the same number of electrons as the
noble gas "following" them on the period.
Score: ____
Activity 4. Formation of Ion. 25

Directions: Fill in the information that is missing on the chart below. You
may use the periodic table on page 16 as reference for your answer. (1pt.each)
Write Cation
# # of
below if or
# of # of Mass valence Electron
Element electrons Anion
Protons neutrons # electro s lost or
are lost
ns gained
or gained

Potassium 19 20 40 1 lost 1 cation

Sulfur 16 16 32 6 gained 2 anion

Copper 29 36 64 2 lost 2 cation

Aluminum 13 14 22 3 lost 3 cation

Lead 82 124 206 4 lost 4 cation

Thallium 81 44 125 2 lost 2 cation

 Activity 4, helped you gain a much better understanding of how ions
are formed.
Proceed to the next activity to build up further your knowledge about
ionic bonding.

Score: ____
10
What I Have Learned
Activity 5. Dots the way it is!
Directions: Using the Lewis diagrams, show the electron transfer for the
formation of the following compounds. Number 1 is already done for you, for
your guidance. Write your answer inside the box.

1. LiF

2. Li2O

3. MgS

Good job! You have reached this part of the module. You are almost
done equipping yourself with the knowledge about ionic bonding.
 Score: ____

What I Can Do 20

Sodium is also present in our diet. The common table salt we use on our foods
is an ionic sodium compound. Many processed foods also contain significant
amounts of sodium added to them as a variety of ionic compounds.

The use of so many sodium compounds in prepared and processed foods has
alarmed some physicians and nutritionists. They argue that the average person
consumes too much sodium from his or her diet. The average person needs only
about 500 mg of sodium every day; most people consume more than this—up to 10
times as much. Some studies have implicated increased sodium intake with high
blood pressure; newer studies suggest that the link is questionable.

Activity 6. How Much Sodium Compound is Added to my

Food
Objectives:
 Appreciate that too much consumption or amount of sodium intake
could harm our life.

Materials:
Grocery items such as canned goods, snacks and beverages.
Procedure:
1. Get samples at least 6 grocery items found at home that your using in
a day. Example: canned goods, *sardines, beef loaf, corn beef, Snacks*
potato chips, pringles, etc. Beverages * soft drinks, juices, etc.
2. List the sodium contents per serving of your intake.
3. Make a reflection on the amount of sodium per serving in a particular
item.

Guide Questions:
1. Based on the data that you included in the table below, what food do you
regularly consume?(1pt each)

Sodium contents per

Grocery items Examples
serving of your intake
1. 1.
Canned goods
2. 2.
*Cake bars * 120 mg
Snacks 1. 1.
2. 2.
1. 1.
Beverages
2. 2.

Answer:
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Are these good for your body? Why?(2 pts each)
Answer:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What can you say about the amount of sodium per serving in a particular
item that you may have consumed regularly? (2 pts each)
Answer:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Are you taking just the right amount of sodium per serving? If not,
what is its implication to your health? (2 pts each)
Answer:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
If yes, list atleast 3 best practices that you have used in consuming
just the right amount of sodium intake. (2 pts each)
Answer:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Assessment Score: ____

10

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
the space provided before the number.
______1. The ion formed by atom of a metal is a(n)
A. cation B. Ionic bond
B. Anion D. Ion
______2. What is the charge of the ion formed when a zinc atom loses two
electrons?
A. 1- C. 1+
B. 2- D. 2+
______3. What is an Ion?
A. Small Atom C. A large Atom
B. Charge atom D. A cute Atom
______4. A charge particle that has gained at least one electron is called
a(n)____.
A. Cation C. Anion
B. An onion D. Chemistry cat
______5. Choose two elements that would likely form an ionic bond among
the following elements: Li, Si, F, Ne.
A. Li and Si C. Ne and Si
B. Si and F D. Li and F
______6. How does ionic bonding take place?
 A. Two non-metallic elements of different kinds form strong forces of
attraction.
B. Two non-metallic elements of the same kind form strong forces of
attraction.
C. A non-metallic element like fluorine is attracted to a metallic element
like sodium.
D. A metallic element like silicon transfers an electron to a non-metallic
element like magnesium.
______7. What will most likely happen to a non-metallic atom after ionic
bonding?
I. It forms a cation
II. It forms an anion
III. It becomes stable
IV. It becomes unstable
A. I & II C. III & IV
B. II & III D. I & IV
______8. How can you tell that ionic bonding will take place between
metals and non- metals?
A. If the electronegativity difference is greater than 1.9
B. If the electronegativity difference is equal to 0.4 or less
C. If the electronegativity difference is less than 1.9 and more than 0.4
D. All of these
For numbers 9-10, refer to the statement below.
Element X is a group IIA element, while Y belongs to group VIIA.
______9. What is the chemical formula of the compound of X and Y?
A. XY C. XY2
B. X2Y D. Y2X

______10. What type of bond is formed between X and Y?

A. Covalent C. Ionic covalent
B. Ionic D. Metallic

Score: ____
Additional Activities 6

Activity 7. Ion Search

Directions: Identify each as a CATION, an ANION, or NEITHER. Write your

answer on the space before each number.

_____________________1. H+
_____________________2. Cl−
_____________________3. O2
_____________________4. Ba2+
_____________________5. CH4
_____________________6. CS2
 Answer Key – Gr9Q2W3
Science

What I Know What's More(Act.4) Assessment

1. D 1. A 6. C
2. A 2. D 7. B
3. B 3. B 8. A
4. D 4. C 9. C
5. C 5. D 10 B.
6. C
7. A
8. B What’s New
9. C Answers
10. B Activity 7. Ion Search
What I have learned (Act.5)
What’s in(Act.1) 1) cation
2. 2) anion
1. C
2. D 3) neither
3. A 4) cation
4. B 3.
5) neither
5. A
(Act. 6) 6) neither
6. M
7. NM Answers may vary
8. M
9. NM
10. M
11. NM
What’s New(Act.2)

1. Li, Ca, Al, N, S, F

2. Li, Ca, Al, S, N, F
3. Li, Al, Ca, S, N, F
4. B
5. B
6. B
Act. 3

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. B
 References
Book
Science Grade 9 Learner’s Module
Internet resources
Atomic Properties of Elements Image ; Photo taken from:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_Table_Atomic_Properties_of_the_Elements.png
Charges of Ions worksheet; Accessed August 16, 2020
http://chalmerschemistry.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/7/1/5571931/answer_key_charges_of_ions.pdf
Chemistry Libre Text; Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Names;
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC%3A_Chem_400__General_Chemist
ry_I/Text/03%3A_Molecules%2C_Compounds_and_Chemical_Equations/3.05%3A_Ion
Forming Ions Worksheet; Accessed August 13, 2020
http://www.erhsnyc.org/ourpages/auto/2013/11/15/47672913/Forming%20ions%20worksheet.doc
Ionic Compounds in daily activity; Accessed August 16, 2020
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Ionic-Compounds-in-Daily-Life-ACTIVITY-3050474
Ions and Ionic Compounds; Accessed August 13, 2020
https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/ions-and-ionic-co
mpounds-2
Periodic Table of Elements Image ; Photo taken from:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_Table_Of_Elements_Black_And_White.svg
Periodic Table of Elements: Retrieved from August 13,2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_table_large.svg

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