ASSIGNMENT
Course Code MEC206A
Course Name MACHINE DRAWING
Programme B.TECH
Department MME
Faculty FET
Name of the Student DHANARAJ BASAVARAJ BHASKAR
Reg. No 16ETME005013
Semester/Year 3RD/2ND
Course Leader/s MANJUNATH ULLAGADDI
i
Declaration Sheet
Student Name DHANARAJ BASAVARAJ BHASKAR
Reg. No 16ETME005013
Programme B.TECH Semester/Year 3RD/2ND
Course Code MEC206A
Course Title MACHINE DRAWING
Course Date to
Course Leader MANJUNATH ULLAGADDI
Declaration
The assignment submitted herewith is a result of my own investigations and that I have
conformed to the guidelines against plagiarism as laid out in the Student Handbook. All
sections of the text and results, which have been obtained from other sources, are fully
referenced. I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of University
regulations and will be dealt with accordingly.
Signature of the
Date
Student
Submission date
stamp
(by Examination & Assessment
Section)
Signature of the Course Leader and date Signature of the Reviewer and date
Question No. 1
Solution to Question No. 1:
A.1.1
I got this assembly from strength of material lab
Electric motor designs can vary quite a lot, though in general they have three main parts: a rotor, a stator
and a commutator. These three parts use the attractive and repulsive forces of electromagnetism, causing
the motor to spin continually as long as it receives a steady flow of electric current.
Basic Principles
Motors work through the principles of electromagnetism. If you run electricity through a wire, it creates a
magnetic field. If you coil the wire around a rod and run electricity through the wire, it creates a magnetic
field around the rod. One end of the rod will have a north magnetic pole and the other will have a south
pole. Opposite poles attract one another, like poles repel. When you surround that rod with other
magnets, the rod will rotate from the attractive and repulsive forces.
The Stator
Every electric motor has two essential parts: one stationary, and one that rotates. The stationary part is the
stator. Though configurations vary, the stator is most often a permanent magnet or row of magnets lining
the edge of the motor casing, which is usually a round plastic drum.
The Rotor
Inserted into the stator is the rotor, usually consisting of copper wire wound into a coil around an axle.
When electric current flows through the coil, the resulting magnetic field pushes against the field created
by the stator, and makes the axle spin.
The Commutator: Basics
An electric motor has another important component, the commutator, which sits at one end of the coil. It
is a metal ring divided into two halves. It reverses the electrical current in the coil each time the coil rotates
half a turn. The commutator periodically reverses the current between the rotor and the external circuit, or
the battery. This ensures that the ends of coils do not move in opposite directions, and ensures that the
axle spins in one direction.
More Commutator: Magnetic Poles
The commutator is necessary because the spinning rotor gets its motion from magnetic attraction and
repulsion between the rotor and the stator. To understand this, imagine the motor turning in slow motion.
When the rotor rotates to the point where the south pole of the rotor magnet meets the north pole of the
stator, the attraction between the two poles will halt the spin in its tracks. To keep the rotor spinning, the
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commutator reverses the magnet's polarity, so the rotor's south pole becomes the north. The north pole of
the rotor and the north pole of the stator then repel each other, forcing the rotor to continue to spin.
Brushes and Terminals
At one end of the motor are the brushes and the terminals. They are at the opposite end from where the
rotor exits the motor casing. The brushes send electrical current to the commutator and are typically made
of graphite. The terminals are the locations where the battery attaches to the motor and sends the current
to spin the rotor.
The Stator, Rotor, Brushes and Commutator
Rather than using a permanent magnet, modern commercial electric motors usually rely completely on
electromagnets. A series of small coils arranged in a circular arrangement forms the stator, and these coils
generate a standing magnetic field. A a separate coil wound around an armature and attached to a shaft
forms the rotor, which spins inside the field. Because you can't attach wires to a spinning coil, the rotor
usually incorporates metallic brushes that remain in contact with a conducting surface on the stator. This
surface, along with the stator windings, are connected to power terminals located on the motor housing.
When you turn on the power, electricity flows into the field coils to create a standing magnetic field. It also
flows through the brushes and energizes the armature coil. DC motors, such as those that run on a battery,
also include a commutator, which is a switch attached to the rotor shaft that reverses the electric field with
every half spin of the rotor. This field reversal is necessary to keep the rotor spinning in one direction.
Gears and Belts
By itself, a spinning motor shaft isn't very useful, unless you want to use it for drilling or for spinning a fan
blade. Most motors incorporate a system of gears and/or drive belts to convert the energy of the spinning
shaft into useful movement. The configuration of the belts or gears can increase rotational speed on an
adjacent shaft, which results in a reduction of power, or it can increase the power while reducing rotational
speed. Worm-drive gears can change the direction of rotation by 90 degrees. Gears and belts make it
possible for a single motor to perform a variety of functions simultaneously.
Bearings to Reduce Friction
The larger the motor, the more friction is generated between the moving parts. This frictional force
opposes the movement of the rotor, reducing the efficiency of the motor and ultimately wearing down the
parts. Most motors have bearings between the stator and the rotor to keep the rotor centered and
minimize the air gap. Smaller motors have ball bearings while large motors employ roller bearings. Bearings
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need periodic lubrication, which along with servicing and cleaning of the stator windings and rotor brushes,
is an important maintenance procedure.
Cast iron frame
Circle dimenstions
Outer dimension – 275 mm
Inner dimension – 255 mm
Hight – 275 mm
Width – 480 mm
Pin hole-20 mm
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Supporting part of the motor (black color)
Circle dimenstions
Outer dimension – 275 mm
Inner dimension – 255 mm
Width -310 mm
Hight- 500 mm
Surface – 600*600 mm
Gear
Circle dimenstions
Outer dimension –110 mm
Inner dimension – 100 mm
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Distance from teeth – 20 mm
Chain
Circle dimenstions
Outer dimension –110 mm
Inner dimension ¬– 100 mm
Distance from chain diameter – 20 mm
Chain diameter – 15 mm
Wheel
Circle dimenstions
Outer dimension –220 mm
Inner dimension – 160 mm
Holder diameter – 40 mm
A.1.3
Manually draw
Question No. 2
Solution to Question No. 2:
B1.2
1.cast iron frame
Most electric motors are built to an industry standard, either US or European. Part of those standards are
the physical dimensions of the motors - specifically: shaft diameter, shaft length, height of the center of the
shaft from the mounting surface, maximum overall height, width, and length, mounting foot dimensions (if
foot mounted), etc.
Here's a diagram of a NEMA (National Electric Manufacturer's Association) standard 286T frame motor
All dimensions are in inches. It doesn't matter which manufacturer makes it, if it's a 286T frame, it has
these dimensions. The 286T frame is standard for:
30Hp @ 1800RPM
20Hp @ 1200RPM
15Hp @ 900RPM
Note: the connection box on the side of this motor is not part of the dimensional specifications other than
the maximum width. It can be located on either side of the motor or even on top, depending on the
manufacturer's specific model. The critical dimensions are the shaft dimensions and the mounting foot
dimensions (if the motor is foot-mounted).
2 handwheel
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Handwheel is worked by hand
Control consisting of wheel whose rim serves as the handle by which part is operated
Nut
Its pin for joint component
Nut
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Its set the component joint system
B.1.2
Importance
Electric motors impact almost every aspect of modern living. Refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, air
conditioners, fans, computer hard drives, automatic car windows, and multitudes of other appliances
and devices all use electric motors to convert electrical energy into useful mechanical energy. In
addition to running the commonplace appliances that we use every day, electric motors are also
responsible for a very large portion of industrial processes. Electric motors are used at some point in
the manufacturing process of nearly every conceivable product that is produced in modern factories.
Because of the nearly unlimited number of applications for electric motors, it is not hard to imagine
that there are over 700 million motors of various sizes in operation across the world. This enormous
number of motors and motor drives has a significant impact on the world because of the amount of
power they consume.
The systems that controlled electric motors in the past suffered from very poor performance and were
very inefficient and expensive. In recent decades, the demand for greater performance and precision in
electric motors, combined with the development of better solid-state electronics and cheap
microprocessors has led to the creation of modern ASDs. An ASD is a system that includes an electric
motor as well as the system that drives and controls it. Any adjustable speed drive can be viewed as
five separate parts: the power supply, the power electronic converter, the electric motor, the
controller, and the mechanical load.
The power supply is the source of electric energy for the system.
The power supply can provide electric energy in the form of AC or DC at any voltage level. The power
electronic converter provides the interface between the power supply and the motor. Because of this
interface, nearly any type of power supply can be used with nearly any type of electric motor. The
controller is the circuit responsible for controlling the motor output. This is accomplished by manipulating
the operation of the power electronic converter to adjust the frequency, voltage, or current sent to the
motor. The controller can be relatively simple or as complex as a microprocessor. The electric motor is
usually, but not always, a DC motor or an AC induction motor. The mechanical load is the mechanical
system that requires the energy from the motor drive. The mechanical load can be the blades of a fan, the
compressor of an air conditioner, the rollers in a conveyor belt, or nearly anything that can be driven by the
cyclical motion of a rotating shaft.
Electric motor drive technology is constantly evolving and expanding to new applications.
More advanced electric motor drives are now replacing older motor drives to gain better performance,
efficiency, and precision. Advanced electric motor drives are capable of better precision because they use
more sophisticated microprocessor or DSP controllers to monitor and regulate motor output. They also
offer better efficiency by using more efficient converter topologies and more efficient electric motors. The
more advanced drives of today also offer a performance boost by utilizing superior switching schemes to
provide more output power while using lighter motors and more compact electronics.
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Question No. 3
Solution to Question No. 3:
3D models
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