Civil Engineering November 2021 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 3
THE HYPERBOLA: Properties :
= set of points such that the difference of Let constant difference = 2a.
the distances from any point to the two Then: 01. c2 = a2 + b2
fixed points (foci) is constant. The d1 − d2 = 2a c a ; c b
constant difference is equal to the length
of the transverse axis, 2a. (x + c)
2
+ y2 − (x − c)
2
+ y2 = 2a 2b2
02. length of latus rectum =
a
Transverse Axis P2 x2 y2
• Simplifying, − =1 c
d3 a2 c2 − a2 03. e = 1
•P1 d4
Let b2 = c2 − a2
a
d1 d2
a
• •F 2 2 04. d =
x y e
d6 Then, - =1
2 2
d5 a b
F’
2a •
P3
General Equation of 2nd Degree:
Note: If center is at C(h, k), just Ax² + Bxy + Cy² + Dx + Ey + F = 0
d1 - d2 = d 3 - d4 = d 5 - d6 To find what type of curve is described by a given
change x to (x-h) and y to (y-k).
equation:
y
Standard Equation of the Hyperbola: Case 1: B = 0
• If A or C is zero, it is a parabola.
• • If A and C are not zero and:
D’ D ❖ A and C are of opposite signs, it is
c a hyperbola
d1
• P(x, y)
d a
x ❖ A and C are of the same sign and
d ➢ A = C, it is a circle
d2 a
c ➢ A C, it is an ellipse
Case 2: B 0
Evaluate B² - 4AC.
F’(-c, 0)
• ••V’ • •• V •F(c, 0) • If:
B² - 4AC = 0, it is a parabola
B² - 4AC < 0, it is an ellipse
B² - 4AC > 0, it is a hyperbola
d d
a a
c c
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Civil Engineering November 2021 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 3
To find the equation of a line tangent to a 6. Identify whether the curves described by the 7. A curve has an equation of y = 2x2 + 1. Compute
conic section at a point P1 (x1, y1): following equations is a circle, a parabola, an the length of sub-normal at point (1,3).
1. Replace x2 by xx1. ellipse, or a hyperbola. Answer: 12 units
2. Replace y2 by yy1. a) y2 + 3x – 2y + 7 = 0
b) 4x2 + 4y2 -8x + 4y + 1 = 0 8. Eliminate the parameter “t” from the parametric
3. Replace x by (x + x1)/2
c) 13x2 + 10xy + 13y2 + 6x – 42y – 27 = 0 equations:
4. Replace y by (y + y1)/2 d) 4xy + 3y2 - 8x + 16y + 19 = 0
x = sin t and y = cos 2t – 1
5. Replace xy by (xy1 + yx1)/2
where P1 (x1, y1) is the point of tangency. 7. Find the equation of the line tangent to the curve What is the equivalent conic section?
x2 = 4y + 5 and passing through (3, 1). Answer: y = -2x2 (Parabola)
8. Find the length of the sub-tangent and sub-
Sample Problems:
normal of the curve y2 = 8x for the point (2, 4).
1. Locate the center, vertices, foci and find the
equation of the directrices and asymptotes of the
Problems for Practice:
hyperbola:
1. Locate the center, vertices and foci of the
5x2 – 4y2 - 20x – 24y - 36 = 0 hyperbola:
2. Find the equation of the hyperbola with 16y2 – 9x2 + 36x + 96y - 36 = 0
asymptotes 2y – x – 10 = 0 and 2y + x – 7 = 0, passing
Answer: C(2, -3); V(2, 0) and V’(2, -6)
through (9, 4).
F(2, 2) and F’(2, -8)
3. The following hyperbolas are confocal:
(x2/4) – (y2/8) = 1 2. Find the equation of the hyperbola with center
(x2/6) – (y2/k) = 1 (1, 3), vertex (4, 3) and end of conjugate axis (1, 1).
What is the value of k? Answer: 4x2 – 9y2 – 8x + 54y – 113 = 0
4. Determine the vertical asymptote of the following 3. Compute the distance between the directrices of
curves: the curve 4x2 – 9y2 + 16x + 72y - 92 = 0
3𝑥−1 3𝑥 2 +6𝑥+5 Answer: 2.22 units
a. y = b. y =
𝑥+5 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
5. The length of the latus rectum of a hyperbola is
𝑥3 equal to 18 and the distance between the foci is 12.
c. y =
𝑥 3 −3𝑥 2 +𝑥−3 Find the equation of the curve (center at the origin)
if the conjugate axis is parallel to the y-axis.
5. Determine the horizontal asymptote of the
following curves: Answer: x2/9 – y2/27 = 1
2𝑥 4 𝑥 2 −9
a. y = b. y = 6. Find the equation of the line tangent to the conic
𝑥 4 −3𝑥 2 −1 𝑥+10
section 3x2 – 3xy + 4x + y – 3 = 0 at (-1, 1).
𝑥−12 Answer: 5x – 4y + 9 = 0
c. y =
2𝑥 3 +5𝑥−3
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