Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 3
HYPERBOLA GENERAL EQUATION OF CONIC SECTIONS To find the equation of a line tangent to a conic
section at a point P1 (x1, y1):
-locus of a point that moves such that the difference 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒙𝒚 + 𝑪𝒚 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎
1. Replace x2 by xx1.
of its distance between two fixed points called the
To find what type of conic section is described by a 2. Replace y2 by yy1.
foci is constant
given equation, 3. Replace x by (x + x1)/2
Case 1: 𝑩=𝟎
4. Replace y by (y + y1)/2
• If A or C is zero, it is a parabola.
5. Replace xy by (xy1 + yx1)/2
• If A and C are not zero and:
where P1 (x1, y1) is the point of tangency.
→ having opposite signs, it is a hyperbola.
→ having same sign and:
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
→ A = C, it is a circle.
Situation 1. For problems 1-7, refer here. Sketch the
→ A ≠ C , it is an ellipse.
graph of the curve 16𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 − 64𝑥 − 72𝑦 − 224 =
Case 2: 𝑩≠𝟎
0 and find the following:
• Evaluate 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶. If:
1. center
→ 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 = 0, it is a parabola.
a. (2,4) c. (-2,4)
→ 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0, it is an ellipse.
→ 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 > 0, it is a hyperbola. b. (2,-4) d. (-2,-4)
2. transverse axis and conjugate axis,
POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM respectively
a. 4 & 3 c. 3 & 4
In this system, the location of a point is expressed by
b. 8 & 6 d. 6 & 8
Standard Equations its distance 𝑟 from a fixed point called the pole and
its angle θ from a fixed line, usually the +𝑥-axis. 3. vertices
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 a. (-1,-4) & (5,-4) c. (-1,-7) & (5,-1)
− =1 → ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 b. (2,0) & (2,-8) d. (-3,-4) & (7,-4)
𝑎2 𝑏2
4. foci
(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 a. (-1,-4) & (5,-4) c. (-1,-7) & (5,-1)
− =1 → 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑎2 𝑏2 b. (2,0) & (2,-8) d. (-3,-4) & (7,-4)
5. length of latus rectum
Note: (ℎ, 𝑘) is the center of the hyperbola. a. 10.7 units c. 6.4 units
Properties of Hyperbola b. 16.7 units d. 4.5 units
Relationship between Polar and Cartesian
Coordinate Systems: 6. equation of the upward asymptote
1. 2
𝑐 =𝑎 +𝑏 2 2
a. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 20 = 0 c. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
2. 𝑒=
𝑐
>1 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 or 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑎 b. 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 20 = 0 d. 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4 = 0
3. 𝑑=
𝑎
𝑥 = 𝑟 cos θ 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin θ 7. equation of the downward asymptote
𝑒
𝑦 a. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 20 = 0 c. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
2𝑏 2 tan θ = =𝑚
4. 𝑙𝑟 = 𝑥 b. 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 20 = 0 d. 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4 = 0
𝑎
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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Analytic Geometry 3
8. Find the equation of the curve whose center 14. Find the eccentricity of the curve represented by 9. The polar form of the equation 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 8 is:
is at (1,0) with one focus at (1,√13). The the parametric equations 𝑥 = 3 cos θ and 𝑦 = a. r 2 = 8 c. r = 8
8 8
eccentricity of the curve is √13/2. 4 sin θ. b. r= d. r2 =
cos2 θ + 2 cos2 θ + 2
a. 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 15 = 0 a. 1.34 c. 0.89
b. 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 24 = 0 b. 0.75 d. 0.66 Situation 1:
c. 4𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 2 + 8𝑦 − 23 = 0
The polar equation of the curve is equal to
d. 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 40 = 0 Problems for Practice:
1. Locate the center, vertices and foci of the r2 (4 sin2θ + 9 cos2θ) = 36
hyperbola:
9. Identify what conic section is described by 10. Compute the area bounded by the curve.
the following equations: 16y2 – 9x2 + 36x + 96y - 36 = 0 11. Compute the total length of curve.
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 25𝑥 = 0 12. Determine the eccentricity of the given curve.
2. Find the equation of the hyperbola with center
b. 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 27 = 0 (1, 3), vertex (4, 3) and end of conjugate axis (1, 1).
c. 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 54𝑥 − 25𝑦 − 8 = 0
d. 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 24 = 0 3. Compute the distance between the directrices of
e. 13𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑦 + 13𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 42𝑦 − 27 = 0 the curve 4x2 – 9y2 + 16x + 72y - 92 = 0
f. 4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 16𝑦 + 19 = 0 Answers:
g. 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 2 − 16𝑦 − 20 = 0 4. The length of the latus rectum of a hyperbola is
equal to 18 and the distance between the foci is 12. 1. C(2, -3); V(2, 0) and V’(2, -6)
h. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 16𝑦 + 19 = 0
Find the equation of the curve (center at the origin) F(2, 2) and F’(2, -8)
if the conjugate axis is parallel to the y-axis. 2. 4x2 – 9y2 – 8x + 54y – 113 = 0
10. Find the equation of the line tangent to the 3. 2.22 units
curve x2 = 4y + 5 and passing through (3, 1). 4. x2/9 – y2/27 = 1
5. Find the equation of the line tangent to the conic
section 3x2 – 3xy + 4x + y – 3 = 0 at (-1, 1). 5. 5x – 4y + 9 = 0
11. Find the length of the sub-tangent and sub- 6. 12 units
normal of the curve y2 = 8x for the point (2, 4). 7. y = -2x2 (Parabola)
6. A curve has an equation of y = 2x2 + 1. Compute
the length of sub-normal at point (1,3). 8. 8.89 units
12. Find the length of the latus rectum of the curve 8
9. 𝑟 2 =
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 2
𝑟= . 7. Eliminate the parameter “t” from the parametric 10. 18.85 sq.units
1+ cos θ
a. 8 units c. 12 units equations: 11. 16.02 units
4 units d. 16 units 12. 0.745
b. x = sin t and y = cos 2t – 1
What is the equivalent conic section?
13. Find the length of the curve 𝑟 = 4 sin θ.
a. 10.23 units c. 9.42 units
b. 11.68 units d. 12.57 units 8. Find the length of the curve r = 2 sin θ + 2 cos θ.
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