A P P EN D IX 3

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF FLUIDS

Table A3-1
Properties of Hydrocarbons and Common Gases (GPSA, 1987)

Component Formula Molecular Boiling Vapor Critical Liquid Volume

weight point (°F) pressure specific ratio,
(1 atm) at100°F, Pressure Temperature gravity Scf gas
(psia) (psia) (°F) (60/60° F) per gal
liquid

Methane CH4 16.043 -258.73 (5000)" 666.4 -116.67 0.3" 59.135"

Ethane C2H6 30.070 -127.49 (800)" 706.5 89.92 0.35619^ 37.476^
Propane C3H8 44.097 -43.75 188.64 616.0 206.06 0.50699^^ 36.375^
iso-Butane C4H10 58.123 10.78 72.581 527.9 274.46 0.56287^ 30.639^
n-Butane C4H10 58.123 31.08 51.706 550.6 305.62 0.5840F 31.790^
iso-Pentane C5H12 72.150 82.12 20.445 490.4 369.10 0.62470 27.393
n-Pentane C5H12 72.150 96.92 15.574 488.6 385.8 0.63112 27.674
n-Hexane C6H14 86.177 155.72 4.960 436.9 453.6 0.66383 24.371
n-Heptane C7H16 100.204 209.16 1.620 396.8 512.7 0.68820 21.729
/2-Octane CgHis 114.231 258.21 0.537 360.7 564.2 0.70696 19.580
rt-Decane C10H22 142.285 345.48 0.061 305.2 652.0 0.73421 16.326
Nitrogen N2 28.013 -320.45 — 493.1 -232.51 0.80940^ 91.413^
Oxygen O2 31.999 -297.33 _ 731.4 -181.43 1.1421^ 112.93^
Carbon CO2 44.010 -109.26* — 1071 87.91 0.81802^ 58.807'"
dioxide
Hydrogen H2S 34.08 -76.50 394.59 1300 212.45 0.80144^ 74.40r
sulfide
Water H2O 18.0115 212.00 0.950 3198 705.16 1.00000^ 175.62^
Air Mixture 28.9625 -317.8 — 546.9 -221.31 0.87476^ 95.557^

continued

579
580 Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing

Table A3-1
Properties of Hydrocarbons and Common Gases (GPSA, 1987)—cont^d

Component Acentric Flammobility limits Heating value at 60° F Freezing Heat of

factor, {(o) (vol% in air mixture) (1 atm, Btu/scf) point at vaporization
• 1 atm, °F at 1 otm,
Lower Upper Net Gross Btu/lb

Methane 0.0104 5.0 15.0 909.4 1010.0 -296.44-^ 219.45

Ethane 0.0979 2.9 13.0 1618.7 1769.6 -297.04^ 211.14
Propane 0.1522 2.0 9.5 2314.9 2516.1 -305.73-^ 183.01
iso-Butane 0.1852 1.8 8.5 3000.4 3251.9 -255.82 157.23
n-Butane 0.1995 1.5 9.0 3010.8 3262.3 -217.05 165.93
iso-Pentane 0.2280 1.3 8.0 3699.0 4000.9 -255.82 147.12
n-Pentane 0.2514 1.4 8.3 3706.9 4008.9 -217.05 153.57
n-Hexane 0.2994 1.1 7.7 4403.8 4755.9 -139.58 143.94
n-Heptane 0.3494 1.0 7.0 5100.8 5502.5 -131.05 136.00
n-Octane 0.3977 0.8 6.5 5796.1 6248.9 -70.18 129.52
n-Decane 0.4898 0.7 5.4 7189.6 7742.9 -21.36 119.65
Nitrogen 0.0372 — — — — -346.00^ 85.59
Oxygen 0.0216 — — — — -361.82-^ 91.59
Carbon dioxide 0.2667 — — — — -69.83 246.47
Hydrogen sulfide 0.0948 4.3 45.5 586.8 637.1 -121.88^ 235.63
Water 0.3442 — — — — 32.00 970.18
Air — — — — — — 88.20

^Above critical point, extrapolated or estimated.

^Sublimation point.
^At saturation pressure, 60°F.
'^At normal boiling point.
^Gas at 60°F, liquid at normal boiling point.
^At the triple point pressure.

Table A3-2
Physical Data for Common Refrigerants (Ludwig, 1983)

Refrigerant Boiling Critical Critical Freezing

point temp, ° F pressure point, °F
(1 atm) °F (psia)

R-12, CCI2F2 -21.6 233.6 596.9 -252.0

R-11, CCI3F 74.7 388.4 635.0 -168.0
R-21, CHCI2F 48.0 353.3 750.0 -221.0
R-22, CHCIF2 -41.4 204.8 716.0 -256.0
R-113,CClF2CCl2F 117.6 417.4 495.0 -31.0
R-114, CCIF2CCIF2 38.4 294.3 474.0 -137.0
Carbon dioxide, CO2 -108.4 37.8 1071 -69.9
Ammonia, NH3 -28.0 271,2 1651 -108
Methyl chloride, CH3CI -10.76 289.6 969 -144
Sulfur dioxide, SO2 14.0 314.8 1142 -99
Methylene chloride, CH2CI2 103.7 421 640 -143
 Appendix 3 581

Table A3-3
Approximate Ratio of Specific Heats {"k" values) for Various Gases^

Gas Symbol Molecular /cat 14.7 psia Density at

Weight 14.7 psi and
60°F 150°F 60°F
(Ibs./cu. ft.)

Monatomic He, Kr, Ne, Hg — 1.67 — —

Most diatomic O2, N2, H2, etc. — 1.4 — —
Acetylene C2H2 26.03 1.3 1.22 0.0688
Air — 28.97 1.406 1.40 0.0765
Ammonia NH3 17.03 1.317 1.29 0.451
Argon A — 1.667 — 0.1056
Benzene C6H6 78.0 1.08 1.09 0.2064
Butane C4H10 58.1 1.11 1.08 0.1535
Isobutane C4H10 58.1 1.11 1.08 0.1578
Butylene C4H8 56.1 1.1 1.09 0.1483
iso-Butene C4H8 56.1 1.1 1.09 0.1483
Carbon dioxide C02 44.0 1.3 1.27 0.1164
Carbon monoxide CO 28.0 1.4 1.4 0.0741
Carbon tetrachloride CCI4 153.8 1.18 — 0.406
Chlorine CI2 70.9 1.33 — 0.1875
Dichlorodifiluoromethane CCI2F2 120.9 1.13 — —
Dichloromethane CH2CI2 84.9 1.13 — 0.2215
Ethane C2H6 30.0 1.22 1.17 0.0794
Ethylene C2H4 28.1 1.25 1.21 0.0741
Ethyl chloride C2H5CI 64.5 1.13 — 0.1705
Flue gas — — 1.4 — —
Helium He 4.0 1.667 — 0.01058
Hexane C6H14 88.1 1.08 1.05 0.2276
Heptane C7H16 100.2 — 1.04 0.264
Hydrogen H2 2.01 1.41 1.40 0.0053
Hydrogen chloride HCl 36.5 1.48 — 0.09650
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 34.1 1.30 1.31 0.0901
Methane CH4 16.03 1.316 1.28 0.0423
Methyl chloride CH3CI 50.5 1.20 — 0.1336
Natural gas (approximate) — 19.5 1.27 — 0.0514
Nitric oxide NO 30.0 1.40 — 0.0793
Nitrogen N2 28.0 1.41 1.40 0.0743
Nitrous oxide N2O 44.0 1.311 — 0.1163
Oxygen O2 32.0 1.4 1.39 0.0846
Pentane C5H12 72.1 1.06 1.06 0.1905
Propane C3H8 44.1 1.15 1.11 0.1164
Propylene C3H6 42.0 1.16 — 0.1112
Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.1 1.256 — 0.1694
Water vaper (steam) H2O 18.0 1.33* 1.32 0.04761

*At 212°F
^Compiled from "Plain Talks on Air and Gas Compression, Fourth of Series," Worthington Corp.
and Reciprocating Compressor Calculation Data Cooper-Bessemer Corp. (1956), by permission.
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 Appendix 3 583

Table A3-5
Physical Properties of Selected Glycols and Methanol (GPSA, 1998)^

Compound Ethylene Diethylene Triethylene Tetraethylene Methanol

glycol glycol glycol glycol

Formula C2H6O2 C4H10O3 C6H14O4 C6H18O5 CH3OH

Molecular mass 62.1 106.1 150.2 194.2 32.04
Boiling point^ at 197.3 244.8 285.5 314 64.5
760 mm Hg, °C
Vapor pressure at 0.12 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 120
77°F (25°C),
mm Hg
Density at 77°F 1110 1113 1119 1120 790
(25°C), kg/m^
Freezing point, °C -13 -8 -7 -5.5 -97.8
Pour point, °C — -54 -58 -41
Viscosity in
centipoise
ITF (25°C) 16.5 28.2 37.3 44.6 0.52
140°F (60°C) 4.68 6.99 8.77 10.2
Specific heat
77°F (25°C), 2.43 2.30 2.22 2.18 2.52
kJ/(kg.K)
Flash point, °C 116 124 177 204 12
(PMCC)
"These properties are laboratory results on pure compounds or typical of the products, but should
not be confused with, or regarded as, specifications.
^Glycols decompose at temperatures below their atmospheric boiling point. Approximate decompo-
sition temperatures are ethylene glycol, 165°C; triethylene glycol, 207°C; diethylene glycol, 164°C;
and tetraethylene glycol, 238°C.

Table A3-6
Specific Gravities of Aqueous Triethylene Glycol Solutions"

Specific gravity at T/60°F = A -h Bx+ Cx^, where x is TEG wt%

T°F A B C

-50 1.0502 1.8268E-3 -5.2009E-6

0 1.0319 1.7466E-3 -4.8304E-6
50 1.0121 1.5247E-3 -2.8794E-6
100 0.9920 1.7518E-3 -5.4955E-6
150 0.9804 1.5410E-3 -4.3884E-6
200 0.9627 1.4068E-3 -3.5089E-6
250 0.9413 1.3205E-3 -2.7991E-6
300 0.9177 1.2511E-3 -2.0848E-6

^Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Company Inc., "Triethylene Glycol," 39 old
Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817 (1989).
584 Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing

Table A3-7
Specific Heat for Aqueous Triethylene Glycol Solutions"

Speci c heat == A + Br+Cr^, where 7 is temperature, °C

TEGwt% A B C

0 1.00540 -2.7286E-4 2.9143E-6

10 0.96705 -2.7144E-5 2.4952E-6
20 0.92490 2.0429E-4 2.4524E-6
30 0.88012 4.3000E-4 1.6952E-6
40 0.83229 6.2286E-4 1.3714E-6
50 0.78229 7.9286E-4 1.0857E-6
60 0.72200 9.4000E-4 8.0000E-7
70 0.66688 1.0871E-3 4.7620E-7
80 0.60393 1.2043E-3 2.8571E-7
90 0.53888 1.2800E-3 1.9048E-7
100 0.48614 1.3929E-3 -5.7140E-8

^Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Company Inc., "Triethylene Glycol,' 39 old Ridgebury Rd.,
Danbury, CT 06817 (1989).
 Appendix 3 585

Pseudo-reduced pressure, p^
2 3 4 5 6

10 11 12
Pseudo reduced pressure, p^

F i g u r e A 3 - 1 . Compressibility of natural gases (GPSA, 1998).

586 Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing

1' 1001 . [ [ PI j r|| I i M [ n J M I M [ I 11 M I I 11 I I I I I I [ 11 I I I I i I r n

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1.000 rfn illfnil^^ 11! I!Ttrffl
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Monoethanolamine, Percent by Weight
Figure A3-2. Density of MEA solutions (Gas Conditioning Fact Book, Dow Chemical Co.,
Houston, Texas, 1969).
 Appendix 3 587

1.100

1.090

1.080

1.070

1.060

1.050
CM
oi
CO
m 1.040

1.030

1.020

1.010

1.000

0.990

0.980

0.970

0.960 t t t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IOC
Diethanolamine, Percent by Weight

Figure A 3 - 3 . Density of DEA solutions (Gas Conditioning Fact Book, Dow Chemical Co.,
Houston, Texas, 1969).
588 Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing

100.
8o\
6o\

40

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IIIittfrffl
m ^^^^^ m
II
0.2

0.1
50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 230
Temperature, °F

Figure A3-4. Viscosity of aqueous MEA solutions as function of weight percent MEA (Gas
Conditioning Fact Book, Dow Chemical Co., Houston, Texas, 1969).
 Appendix 3 589

1000
800\
60o\
40o\

200\ N
\
100 X
80\
ea
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0.6 0^

0.4

0.2

0.1
50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 150
L 180 200 180
Temperature, °F

Figure A 3 - 5 . Viscosity of aqueous DEA solutions as function of weight percent DEA (Gas
Conditioning Fact Book, Dow Chemical Co., Houston, Texas, 1969).
590 Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing

0.97
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10C
Diglycolamine, Weight Percent

Figure A 3 - 6 . Density of aqueous DGA solutions (Gas Treating Data Book, Jefferson Chemical
Co., Houston, Texas, 1969).
 Appendix 3 591

100000]

10000

wool

0)
o

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Diglycolamine, Weight Percent

Figure A 3 - 7 . Viscosity of aqueous DGA solutions (Gas Treating Data Book, Jefferson
Chemical Co., Houston, Texas, 1969).