ZNOTES.

ORG

UPDATED TO 2019 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE
ICT (0417)
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE SYLLABUS
CAIE IGCSE ICT (0417)

To set certain bullet to a list style → click on format →

click on
Numbering → Bullets tab → choose required
1. Document Production option
To indent text for a style → click on format → Paragraph
and input
required indents under the Indentation section.
1.1. Word Processing (MS Word) Choose hanging
indents to indent the whole paragraph,
and first line indents to
indent only the first line of a
Serif – with flicks e.g. Cambria
paragraph.
Sans-serif – without flicks e.g. Calibri
One part of document as 1 column and the rest in two
columns a →
section break. 3. Mail merge
When you want to move text to the next column a →
column break.
Create a master document, which is mostly given as a
To force all further text onto the next page → page break
source file
A widow= single line that appears on the next page or
In the master document, click on the Mailings tab
column,
separated from the rest of the paragraph
In the start mail merge section, click on select recipients
An orphan = single line that appears on the previous page
→ select
use an existing list → choose source file
or column,
separated from the rest of the paragraph.
Select records to be used, filter if necessary
To add page numbers in the header/footer ------→ Place

your cursor where you want to put the number → Go to

insert tab → Quick parts → Select Numbering category
→ Select Page in field names → Click Ok
Add the file size/name (including file path) → click on
Quick parts in
Insert tab → click on Field → select File Size
or File name. For file
path → check the box to include file
path. For file size → choose
whether Kilobytes or
Megabytes. Insert merge fields where indicated with chevrons, i.e.
Include date → click on Date & Time in Insert tab → <Field>
choose an
appropriate format as specified. (If the Place automated current date and/or time, as well as
date/month format is
flipped → change your region/ your name,
centre number and candidate number where
language settings on your computer to
United Kingdom.) specified. Ensure date is
in the correct format specified.
Update fields if required (select auto update while

inserting
fields.)

2. House Styles
Remember to follow all the instructions given, to avoid Spell check and proof read the document.
losing easy
marks Save the master document, and click finish and merge.
Type in the name of the style exactly as it is in the paper Preview
results and ensure that they look as required.
Click on the drop-down arrow in the Styles section → While printing:
select create a
new style check all merge fields are placed
Always base your styles on the Normal font field codes are visible if necessary. (Go to Advanced
­Setting the line spacing → click on format → then settings
so they are displayed when printing. Proof of
paragraph → select
required options date inserted may
be asked, right click and toggle field
From the same tab, you can change the spacing before codes or just use the
shortcut Alt+F9.)
and after the
paragraph
Setting all capital letters → click on format → font → tick
the option All
Caps

4. Data Manipulation
While importing files, make sure you select text file and
not excel
file, as .csv files are plain text.
When they ask for a set number of decimal places in a
field, choose
Fixed in Format.

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To open a given outline, click “New slide” arrow and click

“slide
from outline...”
Printing presenter notes, click print “Notes pages"
Printing audience notes, click print “Handouts”
When printing evidence of slide transitions, go to slide
Ensure that the dates displayed in the table are in the sorter and
then PrntScr
correct
format under Table Design view. For all bullets to enter the screen at once → click on the
Custom
Animation under the Animations tab → Then
select all the bullet points
and Add Effect in the side pane
and choose the required style.

To form a relationship between two tables, go to the

Relationships section of the Database Tools tab and
choose the required tables.

For the bullets to enter the screen one by one → Select

the first
bullet point and animate as required from Add
Effects. Repeat for
the remaining points.

The calculations will ONLY work if placed in the report

footer.
If Σ Total is used this then it apperars
automatically in the report
footer.

When printing evidence of animations, open the Custom

animations
pane and then PrntScr
To show evidence of transitions, take a screenshot of the
slides
pane, having a star beside the slides that have
transitions.
To loop a slide show so it plays continuously until the Esc
key is
pressed. Under the Slide show tab, click on Set Up
Slide Show under
Set Up. It is in the Show options section
of the option box that
appears.

=COUNT(\[Primary_field\])
Count number of fields in a
Always use primary field as it
report
is the only unique field
Sum of fields in a report =SUM(\[Field_name\])
Average of fields in a report =AVG(\[Field_name\])
Minimum of fields in a report =MIN(\[Field_name\])
Maximum of fields in a report =MAX(\[Field_name\])

) |
| Yes | Find values that are Yes/True |
| No | Find values
that are No/False |
| #01/01/2009# | Find a specific date |
|
>01/03/2009 | Find dates after a given date |
| <01/03/2009
| Find a date before a given date |
| Between 01/03/2009
and 31/03/2009 | Find dates in a given range |

5. Presentation Authoring (MS

PowerPoint)

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To set a cell as currency → click on the popup box in the

Number
section of the Home tab → select Currency and
pick the required symbol
and number of decimal places
as specified on the paper.

To colour a range of cells that contain certain values →

under Styles
section in the Home tab → click on the drop-
down menu under
Conditional Formatting. Choose New
Rule → Format only cells that
contain. → add the rule
according to the instructions on the paper
from the
Format tab (ego: less than 100, format: green). You can
add
more than one rule to a range of cells, by repeating
the same steps
for the new rule.

6. Data Analysis
Naming a range of cells → select the cells → right click
and select
‘Name a Range’. → type the name in the option
box. Ensure the range
is correctly selected.

While printing spreadsheet:

check the fields required to show When you are using another file as a source file (ego for a
if they want it showing formulae. (To show formulas LOOKUP
function), make sure it is open until the end, else
instead of
values, select Show Formulas under the the spreadsheet
will no longer be able to access that
Formula Auditing section
of the Formulas tab.) data.
To make cell reference absolute, press F4 while
highlighting it

DESCRIPTION FORMULA
Add, Subtract, Multiply,
=A1+B1
Divide

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DESCRIPTION FORMULA DESCRIPTION FORMULA

SUM = Adding a range of =AVERAGEIF($D$4:$D$64,G3,
=SUM(A1:A4) Average IF – it searches for
numbers $E$4:$E$64)$D$4:$D$64 is
criteria and makes an
AVERAGE - Find the average =AVERAGE(A1:A4) the range, G3 is the
average of the range
MIN - Find the low value =MIN(A1:A4) criteria, $E$4:$E$64 is the
according to the criteria
MAX - Find the highest value =MAX(A1:A4) average range

COUNT - Finding how many SQRT – Square root of a

=COUNT(A1:A4) =SQRT(B3)B3 is the number
numbers are in a range number

COUNTA - Counting the

=COUNTA(A1:A4)
number of items in a range 7. Website Authoring (HTML)
INT - Converts to the lowest
=INT(A1)
whole number
=ROUND(A1,2) The 2 is the 7.1. HTML
ROUND - Rounding numbers
number of decimal places
Anchors: help navigate throughout a webpage
ROUNDUP - Rounding =ROUNDUP(A1,2) The 2 is the
Highlight the destination of the anchor, and set a
numbers up number of decimal places
bookmark
ROUNDDOWN - Rounding =ROUNDDOWN(A1,2) The 2 is You can use
numbers down the number of decimal places tags in your code around this text
=VLOOKUP(A1,$B$1:$C$8,2)A <div id="top"> Destination text </div>
1 is the cell to Highlight the word or image that will be the hyperlink,
VLOOKUP - Looking up what check$B$1:$C$8 is the array and click
insert hyperlink and type the address of the
particular values mean from to look in2 is column 2 website or the bookmark
or the email address
a table arranged vertically from $B$1:$C$8 meaning provided in the respective places.
return the value in column 2

in that section. If the link needs to open in a new window select New
=HLOOKUP(A1,$B$1:$G$2,2) Window from
target frame. This will give you a target
A1 is the cell to setting of "_blank"
HLOOKUP - Looking up what check$B$1:$G$2 is the array
particular values mean from to look in2 is row 2
a table arranged horizontally from $B$1:$G$2 meaning
return the value in row 2 in
that section.
=SUMIF($B$1:$C$8,A1, $D$1:
$D$8)Checks if any cells
SUMIF – adding up specific
in $B$1:$C$8 = A1 and if they
values in a range
do then it adds them
together
=COUNTIF(A2:A4,">4") Checks
COUNTIF - Counts the that cells have a value greater
number of cells in a range than 4=COUNTIF(A2:A4, A1)
that satisfy the given criteria Checks that the cells are
equal to the value in cell A1
=IF($B$1:$B$8=A1,”A”)IF the
IF – Deciding what will go into
value in A1 appears in the
a cell
range of cells then write A If there are specified dimensions for a table, use the table
=IF($B$1:$B$8=A1,”A”, properties to set these values.
IF($B$1:$B$8=A2,”B”, Check the code to ensure that the table is not set to 100%
IF($B$1:$B$8=A3,”C”,D)))IF width, if
there are other values given.
Nested IF the value in the range equals To hide bullets from your webpage, add hidden after your
A1 then write A, if it equals A2 tag
selector.
write B, A3 write C and none
of them D h2 {font-family: “Times New
Font type
Roman”}
Text size h2 {font-size: 16pt}
Aligning text h2 {text-align: center}
‘Bold’ text h2 {text-weight: bold}

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h2 {font-family: “Times New Used to style webpages

Font type 2 types
Roman”}
‘Underline’ text h2 {text-decoration: underline} Embedded/inline
External
h2 {font-family: “Times New
Second choice of font
Roman, Verdana”}  
h2 {font-family: “Times New
Adding generic fonts
Roman, serif”}h2 {font-family: Embedded
(either serif or sans-serif)
“Calibri, sans-serif”}
Changing colour h2 {color: #000000} Used to apply style properties within html sheet
Format:
Using classes to set styles.
Can be used for many right {text-align: right} …style = “attribute: specification”>
selectors Inline CSS for e.g. <table border=”1”
style=
“width:200px”>
Comment in HTML - text
To add several attributes, add semicolon to separate and
that is not read by the
then use
same format
computer, only for users
For e.g. < table style=
“width:29%; margin-left:
Comment in CSS - text auto**;**”>
that is not read by the /* Enter comment here */ For inline CSS adding -style= “….”- is mandatory.
computer, only for users
 
Colour codes have three parts:
External
(RED, GREEN, BLUE)
Amount of Light (colour) Hex code External CSS sheets are separate sheets that style the
Fully on FF webpage.
To use the are required to be attached to the main html
¾ on C0
file using
the tag:
½ on 80 <link rel=“stylesheet” type=”text/css”
¼ on 40 href=”sourcefile.css”>
Off 00 Tag is placed in head tag of html file. Several html
sheets can
be attached.
Examples: Preference given to sheet placed last in head tag
Pure red is (FF0000) Format for external CSS
Pure green is (00FF00) h1 { property: value ;}
Pure blue is (0000FF) for e.g. h1 { color:#000000;}
Pure yellow is (FFFF00) ↑ Element source taken from html script linked
Pure black is (000000)
Pure white is (FFFFFF)  

HTML tag CSS Tags

Opening/closing head tag
Colours
Page title
<link rel=“stylesheet” Colours can be in hexadecimal
Attaching a CSS file type=“text/css”href=“mystyle. hashtag before the hexadecimal is mandatory
css”> e.g. #000000
Defining anchor tag F full capacity
Setting default target window 0 is least capacity
Opening of the body/content Some colours can be written in words. Such as black or
white.
Table tagBorder width as com?
Fonts
1alignment centre Subject=Welcome%20Friends
”>Contact us
Fonts are given priority from first to last in order
To add multiple fonts, add commas.
7.2. CSS Eg. h1 { font-family: Arial, Calibri, sans-serif;}

What is CSS? Tables

Cascading style sheet Tables have many attributes to help style them

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Cell padding : creates space between text and cell reliable, professional, and consistent,
as the
border information appears on every page. This saves time
Cell spacing: creates space between individual cells and
reduces errors as they are only typed once.
Borders 14 Explain what is meant by corporate branding/house
Background color: background tags in the tables only style:
apply to
the tables. It refers to a specific style of fonts and formats used in
Individual td or th headings can also be specified in css the
making of ICT solutions by organisations.
14 Explain why consistent styles are required:
Table tags format Consistent styles enable users to associate a
cell padding Table { padding :40px;} particular
organisation with a style. They look
cell spacing Table { spacing : 30px;} professional.
15.1 Explain why the automated suggestions given by
Table { border-width:3px;}
spell check
software do not always give the correct
Table { border-color: #000098;}
borders response:
Table { border-style: solid;}
Some words, e.g. proper nouns are not found in the
Table { background-color: #009499;}
dictionary.
This makes spell checkers less efficient.
td { font-size: 3;} Names and places are
not identified by spell checkers
Td/th tags td { font-family: Calibri;} 15.1 Explain why validation checks must be appropriate
td { color: #000000;} to the data
that is being checked:
table { width:50px;} An inappropriate check can lead to error messages
Dimesnions
table { height:60px;} and altered
data, as it may accept or reject wrong
data.
jpg”);} 15.2 Describe the importance of accuracy and the
potential
consequences of data entry errors:
body { background-repeat: no-repeat;} Accurate data ensures the results obtained by the
body {background-position: top/left/right/bottom;} processing of
data is relevant, which is essential to the
h1 {text-align: left/right/top/bottom;} usability of the
model
15.2 Define the term verification:
8. Editing Images A way of preventing errors when data is copied from
one medium
to another
15.2 Describe visual verification:
To save a picture with 8 bit - colour depth save it as a gif Visual comparison of data entered with a data source
Open it in paint and save as Checking for errors by comparing entered data on the
To compress the size of a picture open it in picture screen with
the data in the original document (not the
manager same as proof
reading)
Edit picture 15.2 Describe double data entry:
Compress pictures
Choose most suitable option Entering data twice and comparing them either after data
To change colour options of a picture use picture has been
entered, or during the entry process.
manager
Edit picture 15.2 Explain the need for validation as well as verification:
Colour Validation only ensures that data entered is in the
accepted
format. Verification is needed to ensure that
the data entered
is correct. Data entered may be in
9. Answers to theory the right format but of the
wrong value. Or it may be
copied correctly but does not match
the criteria.
questions 17.1 Explain why it is necessary to use page, section and
column
breaks, to adjust pagination and to avoid widows
11.1 Explain why generic file formats are needed: and orphans?
They can be opened by any software to access the Page breaks and column breaks help remove widows
data on them. and orphans, by
forcing text onto the next page/
11.2 Explain the need to reduce file sizes for storage or column so it is all together.
transmission: Does not disrupt reader by breaking the flow.
Smaller files upload and download faster than larger 17.3 Explain why mail merged documents are created
ones and
thus are better for transferring data on the Mail merged documents save time typing out
internet and
between computers and other devices individual letters,
as they can be personalized by the
like printers. computer. Errors while typing
are also reduced, since
13 Explain why headers and footers are needed: the master document is only typed once.
They can
Headers and footers ensure each page has all the also be sent by email using the address in the source
required
information like the page numbers, company file.
logo and name etc. It
makes the document more

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18.1 Define the terms flat-file database and relational Relative reference: is made when the cell reference is
database. supposed
to change when the cell it is referred to in is
Flat-files databases are tables that have data sorted in changing. It
aids more efficient designing of models.
rows
and columns. Ranges: A group of cells in a table
Relational databases are several tables linked Named cell: A cell in a table that is given a name (like
together,
preventing unnecessary repetition of data. ‘profit
margin’) and can be referred to using that
18.1 Explain that other field types such as placeholders name in functions
for media,
including images, sound bites and video clips Nested formulae/functions: A formula/function used
are used in commercial
databases inside a
formula/function as an argument
They are not studied in depth in this syllabus. They 20.1 Explain the difference between a formula and a
are used in
web applications where a back-end function
database holds the media to be
displayed in another Formulas are typed in by the user. They include
application such as a webpage. simple
mathematical operators like +, -, *, or /, or can
18.1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using be as complex
as the user wants. A function is
relational
tables rather than a flat file database predesigned code that
calculates specific values, e.g.
MAX, VLOOKUP. While functions
can be used inside
Relational Database Flat file Database formulas, formulas cannot be used inside
functions.
Better security Poor at complex queries 20.1 Explain the function of absolute and relative
Cater for future referencing.
Poor at limiting access Absolute referencing is used when the cell referred
requirements
needs to
stay the same, even when the formula/
Harder to update, so
Data is only stored once function is copied.
inherently inefficient
When a formula/ function is copied, and relative
Requires more planning Potential duplication referencing is
used, the cell referred to changes with
Easy to design the cell that the
function is in.
Non unique records 20.2 Define the terms: testing, test data, expected
Harder to change dataformat. outcome, actual
outcome, normal data, abnormal data,
extreme data, what if
18.1 Define and understand the terms primary key and Testing: Checking that the designed model shows or
foreign key and
their role in a relational database. previews the
expected outcome when data is entered
Test data: The input data used for testing a model
Primary key: The key field of a table which is unique and Expected outcome: the output a model is supposed to
identifies
each record give with
the test data
Foreign key: The field linked to the primary field of the Actual outcome: the output the model gives when
table
linked to through a relationship tested in real
time
Normal data: data within the given range ego: 50,
20.1 Define the terms: cells, rows, columns, sheets, tabs, range: 0-100
pages,
charts Abnormal data: data outside the given range ego: 120,
Cell: A space for data to be entered a table; a box range:
0-100
formed by
the intersection of columns and rows. Extreme data: data that is the limit of the range ego: 0
Rows: Horizontal boxes that divide the table or 100,
range: 0-100
Columns: Vertical boxes that divide the table What if: changing values in cells to see how outcome
Sheets: A table of data of formulas
change
Pages: Divides a piece of data into sections 20.2 Explain the need to test a model before it is used
Tabs: A module of a database program that holds the Reduces the number of possible errors when using
tables on
the computer real data
Charts: A graphical representation of (usually 21.1 Identify and describe the three web development
tabulated) data layers
20.1 Explain the importance of accurate data entry in Content layer: Holds the content of the webpage
spreadsheets structure.
Ensures the results obtained by the processing of Behaviour layer: scripting language of a web page or
data is
relevant, which is essential. an
individual element
20.1 Define the terms: formula, function, absolute Presentation layer: responsible for the formatting of a
reference,
relative reference, ranges, named cell, named webpage(s) or elements (using a stylesheet).
range, nested
formulae/functions. 21.1 Understand the function of:
Formula: are mathematical operators defined by the Content layer: enter the content of a web page
user to
perform a function structure
Function: predefined logical and mathematical Behaviour layer: enter scripting language to a web
operations a use
can use in a spreadsheet page or
an individual element
Absolute reference: is made when the cell referenced Presentation layer: format whole web page(s) or
stays
constant but the cell referred to in is changing. individual
elements

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21.2 Explain why tables are used to structure elements They should be attached using relative file paths as
within a web
page they are
stored along with the webpage since they are
stored in the same
folder.
Tables make the basic structure of a webpage and 21.4 Explain how to upload and publish the content of a
organise page
layout. website
using ftp
21.2 Define and understand the terms relative file path Used to upload website files to the web hosting space. To
and absolute
file path upload
these files successfully, the user needs:
Relative file path: A path referring to a file in the same FTP client software
directory relative to the page the reference is made in. All files in one folder
Absolute file path: The full path of a file, which is not Host Name/URL/IP address for ftp
relative to anything. Host port to be used for upload
21.2 Explain why absolute file paths must not be used for Username and password
hyperlinks
to locally saved web pages/ objects
Absolute paths always include the domain name of 21.4 Create a test plan to test a website including: web
the website page
elements are visible, navigation within/from a web
These should not be used to refer to locally saved page
webpages as
the computer the webpage is stored on Open webpage in different browsers to check that all
(the server) is not the
same as where the webpage elements
appear the way they should.
was developed, and an absolute file
path would point Click all hyperlinks to ensure that they direct users to
to the wrong address. the
correct pages, using functional testing. Check that
21.3 Explain what is meant by the term cascading both
internal and external links are functional. Check
stylesheets that fonts and
background colours are appropriate to
CSS (cascading stylesheet) is a text-based language the purpose of the website
and its users (audience)
which is
attached to webpages to set their format. CSS Perform user testing on a group from the target
files have a
“.css” extension audience, gain
feedback from their usage, and use it
21.3 Explain the hierarchy of multiple attached to improve the website
before publishing it
stylesheets and
in-line styles within a web page 21.4 Justify the choice of test plan
Internal CSS have more preference over Inline CSS. The test plan used to test a webpage must be justified
Inline CSS
overrides externally attached stylesheets. based on
the elements being tested. e.g. If hyperlinks
If several external stylesheets are attached to one are being tested,
it checks if all the hyperlinks are
web page,
the stylesheet attached last (at the bottom redirecting the user to the
correct webpage/ section
of that part of the
code) is given preference (over the of webpage.
other ones). Priority
increases as you go down a list.
21.3 Explain why relative file paths must be used for
attached
stylesheets

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ICT (0417)

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