REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE SAFETY
INSTALLATIONS AND LIFE SAFETY MEASURES
FOR VARIOUS
TYPE OF OCCUPENCIES
TNFRS
TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION (ACTIVE DEFENCE)
1. Fire Extinguishers
2. Automatic sprinkler system
3. Automatic detection and alarm system
4. Automatic smoke vent system
5. Terrace level over head tank
6. Water: terrace level tank
7. Terrace level tank
8. Hose reel assembly
9. Fire pump
10. Fire pump at terrace level
11. Fire pump at ground level
12. Manually operated fire alarm (MCP) call points
13. Down comer system
14. Fire service inlet
15. Wet –riser
16. Water: underground tank
17. Underground static tank
18. Pumps near underground static tank
19. Yard hydrant
Manual panel gas flooding
Fire Extinguishers
A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or
control small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use
on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling,
endangers the user (i.e., no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.),
or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire brigade
There are two main types of fire extinguishers:
stored-pressure
cartridge – operated
There are four classes of fire extinguishers – A, B, C and D – and each
class can put out a different type of fire. Multipurpose extinguishers can be
used on different types of fires and will be labeled with more than one class,
like A-B, B-C or A-B-C
ABC Powder Fire Extinguisher. ...
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher. ...
Wet Chemical Fire Extinguisher. ...
Water Mist Fire Extinguisher. ...
Foam Fire Extinguisher. ...
Clean Agent Fire Extinguisher
Automatic sprinkler system
An automatic sprinkler is a fire-suppression or fire-control device with a
heat-activated element. The sprinkler operates automatically when the air
temperature rises to or above the device's specified temperature rating. When
that happens, the sprinkler discharges water over a specified area
Automatic detection and alarm system
A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect
and warn people through visual and audio appliances
when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present.
These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors,
and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm
activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations.
Automatic smoke vent system
Heat and smoke vents are installed in buildings as an active fire
protection measure. They are openings in the roof which are intended to vent the
heat and smoke developed by a fire inside the building by the action of
buoyancy, such that they are known as "gravity vents"
Hose reel assembly
A fire hose reel is a first attack piece of fire-fighting equipment. ...
They are permanently connected to a water supply and consist of a
main turn on/off valve, a hose guide, and a hose with a nozzle
Fire pump
A fire pump is a part of a fire sprinkler system's water supply and
powered by electric, diesel or steam. The pump intake is either
connected to the public underground water supply piping, or a static
water source (e.g., tank, reservoir, lake)
Pumps can be classified by their method of displacement into
positive-displacement pumps, impulse pumps, velocity pumps,
gravity pumps, steam pumps and valve less pumps. There are three
basic types of pumps: positive-displacement, centrifugal and axial-
flow pumps.
Fire-fighting pumps are usually
Single-stage volute casing pumps
Double-suction radial flow pumps (see Double-suction pump)
Ring-section pumps
Submersible borehole pumps / Deep-well turbine pumps.
Manually operated fire alarm (MCP) call points
Manually Operated Electronic Fire Alarm System.
Manual call point which is usually referred to as an MCP is
the point in a building where a switch used manually to
activate fire alarm, this requires human intervention. In the
automatic fire alarm system, an alarm is triggered through
the use of heat detectors and smoke detectors.
Down comer system
Down comer System for Fire Fighting comprises a high level
water storage tank discharging into 150 mm diameter riser
pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which canvas
hose with nozzles can be connected to direct the water jet at
the fire
Wet –riser
A Wet riser is a supply system intended to distribute water to multiple
levels or compartments of a building, as a component of its fire
fighting systems.
They are advantageous to the fire service in two respects. Firstly they
provide a fixed distribution system within the building that requires no
fire service resources or equipment. Secondly it is designed as part of,
and to maintain, the compartmentation of the building.
Yard hydrant
Yard Hydrants are a Non-Freeze Valve that helps
provide water all year round. ... Water is drained from the
pipe below the frost line so there is no water that will freeze
when the temperature drops in the winter
Life safety (PASSIVE DEFENCE )
Stair case
Side setback area
Exit signage
Emergency lights
Escape lighting
House keeping
Fire drill and Fire order
Cable and other ducts
Fire lift
Fire door
Fire exit
Fire tower
Fire damper
Refuge area
Lightning arrester
Fire control room
Helipad
Public address system
Compartmentation (wall)
Automatic smoke vents
Evacuation root plan
Ramp
Public address system
Do’s and Don’ts laminated hanging pads
Assembly point
Means of Escape and Exit
Means of Egress
Travel Distance
The above fire safety units comes under passive
defense for all types of OCCUPANCIES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF OCCUPANCIES
CONSIDERED IN THIS TNFRS
DEPARTMENT
Residential buildings
Educational buildings
Institutional buildings
Assembly buildings
Business buildings
Mercantile buildings
Industrial buildings
Storage buildings
Hazardous buildings
Requirements of ACTIVE DEFENCE & PASSIVE
DEFENCE fire safety measures changes for different
occupancies given above elaborated with GROUPS &
SUB DIVISIONS
For RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS the requirements of
Active defence and Passive defence is differentiated for
various residents like
1) Lodging and Rooming hoses
2) Dormitories
3) Apartment Houses
4) Hotels &
5) Starred Hotels
In terms of GROUP A SUB DIVISIONS [A1 to A6]
Whereas for EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS the
requirements are differentiated in TWO (2) SUB
DIVISIONS [B1&B2] as GROUP B
1) Schools up to senior secondary level and
2) All other training institutes
For INSTITUTIONAL BUILIDINGS SUB DIVISIONS are
[C1,C2,C3] in GROUP C
1) Hospitals, Sanatoria and Nursing House
2) Custodial institutions
3) Penal and mental institutions
For ASSEMBLY BUILIDINGS SUB DIVISIONS are
[D1toD7] in GROUP D
Sub division D1&D2 are the buildings having theatricals
or motion picture or any other stage having capacity of
accommodating 1000 persons
Sub division D3 are the buildings having accommodation
capacity up to 300 peoples or above without any
permanent stage and without any permanent seating
arrangement
Similarly the Sub division D4 are the buildings having
accommodation capacity less than 300 peoples without
any permanent stage and without any permanent seating
arrangement.
Sub division D5 is all the other structures including
temporary structures designed for assembly of peoples
not covered by Sub divisions D1to D4 at ground level
Sub division D6 are the buildings not exceeding the
height above 30 m
Sub division D7 is all the other structures , elevated or
underground ,for assembly of peoples not covered by Sub
divisions D1 to D6
For BUSSINESS BUILDINGS SUB DIVISIONS are
[E1toE5] in GROUP E
1) Offices , Banks , Professional establishments like
offices of architect ,lawyers , engineers and police
stations.
2) Laboratories, Research establishments, Libraries and
Test houses
3) Computer installations
4) Telecommunications / Telephone exchanges
5) Broadcasting and T.V stations
For MERCANTILE BUILDINGS SUB DIVISIONS are
[F1,F2 & F3] in GROUP F
Shops ,Stores, Departmental stores ,Market with Area up
to 500 m2 comes under Sub division F1 and Area more
than 500 m2 comes under Sub division F2
Sub division F3 are the underground shopping
centers ,storage and service facilities , buildings of F1 and
F2 can also be considered in this Group
For INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS SUB DIVISIONS are
[G1,G2 &G3] in GROUP G
SUB DIVISION G1 are the buildings having height up to
18 m not more than that within the Low hazardous area.
(NBC annex B)
[with built up area from 1000sft / 100 m2 / 500 m2 & up
to 1000 m2]
SUB DIVISION G2 are the buildings having height up to
18 m not more than that within the Moderate hazardous
area.(NBC annex B)
[with built up area from 100m2/500m2 & up to 1000m2]
SUB DIVISION G3 are the buildings having height up to
15 m not more than that within the High hazardous area.
(NBC annex B)
[with built up area from 150 m2 /300 m2 & up to 500 m2]
For STORAGE BUILDINGS in GROUP H
Case 1: Buildings above 15 m is not permitted with
covered area less than 250 m2
Case 2: Buildings above 15 m is not permitted with
covered area more than 250 m2 (Ground floor only) with
(First floor)sometimes
Case 3: Buildings above 15 m is not permitted with
covered area more than 250 m2 with more than (Ground
floor +First floor)
For HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS in GROUP H
Case 1: Buildings above 15 m is not permitted [only one
single story building]
Case 2: Buildings above 15 m is not permitted more than
one floor building not exceeding 15 m height
.
FIRE HYDRANT PUMP
