RAR 904

LANDSCAPE DESIGN
ASSIGNMENT 01

SUBMITTED BY:

COLLEGE: ANSAL SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, LUCKNOW PRIYANGI DIXIT

1774881018
INTRODUCTION TO LANDSCAPE DESIGN: Hard Landscape:
• Hardscape or Hard Landscape refers to the heavy elements of a
Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land Landscape design like stone, rocks or driveways.
including • The construction materials used in the design of landscape
• Living features like flora, fauna elements or to make
• Natural elements like landform, terrain shape, elevation, water bodies outdoor structures come under hardscape.
• Man-made elements like structures, buildings, fences, or other materialistic installations
Soft Landscape:
• Abstract elements such as weather and lighting
• The Softscape or the Soft Landscape is the living part of your landscape
The process of combining a design in relation to scenic environment by changing con-
structure.
tours, adding ornmanetal features and plantations leads to a pleasant and purpose
• The plants, the lawns, the trees and the shrubs make up the components of Soft
serving landscape.
Landscape.
• For example, materials required to build a pond in a garden area are
components of Hard Landscape; however, the Pond itself is a part of Soft
Landscape.
Trees:
• Trees are an important part of landscaping. When thriving they make a beautiful
contribution to the landscape.
• They define spaces, marks boundaries, acts as
landmarks, gives a sense of place and also acts as shade giving element.
• They provide enclosure, gives privacy, camouflage with the surroundings and gives
TREES AS WIND BARRIERS SOUND BARRIER PLANTATIONS direction.
• It also forms linkages between one building to another forming avenues and
creates network of tree lined streets
Shrubs:
• Shrubs diversify the landscape and give variety to it horizontally.
• It is a good source of food and cover for wildlife on a smaller scale.
• It can be used to demarcate boundary, give buffer between spaces and give a
sense of place.
Grass:
• Grass, any of many low, green, non woody plants belonging to the grass family
(Poaceae).
AESTHETIC PURPOSE OF PLANTATION SCALE CONSIDERATIONS
• They make good ground cover
• They provide variety of texture, color and serve as a transition between two different
vegetated areas such as from a shrub to a flower bed.
• Helps the surrounding by preventing soil erosion
Flowers:
• A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure
found in flowering plants.
• They add color and texture to the landscape defining the mood or the context in
which it is set in.
• Alters and plays with the aesthetic feel of the area.
CLIMATIC RESPONSE OF TREE ZONAL DEMARCATION VIA TREES • The add value to the place with their interaction with surrounding flora and fauna.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN (RAR 904) PRIYANGI DIXIT (1774881018)

PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN:
Focalization or Emphasis

• Focalization or Emphasis directs visual attention to a point of interest or

prominent part of the landscape design. This could be a hanging earth-
forms sculpture, a stone-finished Corinthian garden fountain.
• Emphasis refers to those garden elements which initially seize attention and
to which the eye continually returns. It is the creation of the more important
and the less important elements in the garden.
• The parts of any composition should not be equal in their visual interest

UNITY IN COMPOSITION SEQUENCE IN PLACEMENT

FOCALIZATION IS CREATED AS A VISUAL BREAK IN THE SEQUENCE AND FLOW OF THE LANDSCAPE

Proportion
SYMMETRICAL & ASYMMETRICAL FEATURE REPETITION IN DESIGN
• Proportion is the relationship that exists among the components of a landscape.
• It also describes the relationship between the components of the landscape and Scale
the landscape as a whole. • Scale is the human perception of the size of space and form related to the
• Proportion involves the size relationships between and among the components human dimension.
making up the landscape • Scale is relative to the perception of the viewer. For a large two-story
• Proportion describes the size relationship between parts of the landscape de- house, corner plantings that are proportional to the house may appear out of
sign or between a part of the design and the design as a whole. scale to the viewer.
• A large fountain would cramp a small backyard garden, but would complement a • Relationship between the size of an object to the size of the other objects.
sprawling public courtyard. within the same composition

LANDSCAPE DESIGN (RAR 904) PRIYANGI DIXIT (1774881018)

ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN: Texture

• Texture is the surface quality of an object. Texture is how something feels when it is
Form
touched or looks like it would feel if touched.
• The coarseness or smoothness of the leaf, bark, and foliage of plants and trees and
• Form defines the shape and structure of an object. In landscape design, form indicates
of buildings, patios, and walkways define texture in landscape design.
the shape of a plant and the structure of its branching pattern. Tree forms are defined by
• Texture in Landscape Is Defined In 3 Groups
branching pattern, while shrub forms are determined by growth pattern.
• Coarse includes plants, structures and hardscapes that are bold and large.
• Form is the two or three-dimensional shape and structure of an object or space. Whether
• Medium texture takes in many plants and smaller structures.
it is two or three dimensional, form is line surrounding mass
• Fine includes plants such as ferns and grasses and structures that are thin.
• The shapes of trees and the areas of grass bound by edging are examples of form
expressed in a landscape. The air space created by two plant materials set side by side
is also an expression of form.
• All the components in a landscape have a distinctive and natural form. The forms of
plants contribute to the total design composition. The basic form of each plant depends
on the plant’s natural growth habit. Some of the more common forms of landscape
plants include round, conical, oval, weeping, horizontal, and upright.

COARSE MEDIUM

FINE
Landform
TREE FORMS

• Mounds
• Meadows
• Contours
• Terraces

Size

• Size refers to the overall height and width of the plant and its relative size or scale
when compared to other plants, structures, and spaces in the yard.
• Plants are most often sized by height. Large plants are trees and shrubs that grow
4–6 ft. or higher at mature size. Medium plants, typically shrubs, range from 2–4 ft. in
height. Small plants, typically groundcover and bedding plants, are 2 ft. tall or shorter.
• Plant size is closely related to form. Columnar, pyramidal, and upright plants are
narrow and occupy less horizontal space, while sprawling, arching, and mounding plants
GROUNDCOVER FORMS SHRUBS FORMS
tend to use less vertical space.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN (RAR 904) PRIYANGI DIXIT (1774881018)

TREES, SHRUBS, CLIMBERS:
AVENUE TREES
COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME IMAGE FAMILY HEIGHT FOLIAGE USE NATIVE LIFE SPAN CHARACTERSTICS SEASON

star fruit Averrhoa carambola oxalidacae 5-12 m 6-7.6 m medicine southeast asia 40 years flower & fruit bearing spring

Kadam, burlflower- souhern china,

tree Neolamarckia cadamba rubiaceae 45 m 1-1.6 m ornamental plant south-east asia 10-15 years fruit bearing all season

Tamarind tamarindus indica fabaceae 12-18 m 1-2 m tropical africa fruit bearing all season
fruit-bearing, culinary 80-200 years
use, medicine

Saman, Rain tree, Samanea saman fabaceae 15-25 m 30 m central and south flowering- tree evergreen in
Monkey pod shade tree for coffee, america humid
cacao and other crops

golden shower, cassia fistula fabaceae 10-20 m flowering tree late spring
amaltas ornamental, medicinal indian subcontinent 25-50 years

LANDSCAPE DESIGN (RAR 904) PRIYANGI DIXIT (1774881018)

TREES, SHRUBS, CLIMBERS:

LANDSCAPE DESIGN (RAR 904) PRIYANGI DIXIT (1774881018)