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Boot Sequence

The boot process involves the BIOS initializing and testing hardware components, running POST to check for failures, and then loading the operating system. Once the OS initializes, it takes over the boot process by loading device drivers and making the system ready for the user. Failure of the BIOS, hardware, or OS at any point will result in a failed boot.

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159 views2 pages

Boot Sequence

The boot process involves the BIOS initializing and testing hardware components, running POST to check for failures, and then loading the operating system. Once the OS initializes, it takes over the boot process by loading device drivers and making the system ready for the user. Failure of the BIOS, hardware, or OS at any point will result in a failed boot.

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Ann
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In order for a computer to successfully boot, its BIOS, operating system and hardware

components must all be working properly; failure of any one of these three elements will likely
result in a failed boot sequence.

When the computer's power is first turned on, the CPU initializes itself, which is triggered by a
series of clock ticks generated by the system clock. Part of the CPU's initialization is to look to
the system's ROM BIOS for its first instruction in the startup program. The ROM BIOS stores
the first instruction, which is the instruction to run the power-on self-test (POST), in a
predetermined memory address. POST begins by checking the BIOS chip and then tests CMOS
RAM. If the POST does not detect a battery failure, it then continues to initialize the CPU,
checking the inventoried hardware devices (such as the video card), secondary storage devices,
such as hard drives and floppy drives, ports and other hardware devices, such as the keyboard
and mouse, to ensure they are functioning properly.

Once the POST has determined that all components are functioning properly and the CPU has
successfully initialized the BIOS looks for an OS to load.

The BIOS typically looks to the CMOS chip to tell it where to find the OS, and in most PCs, the
OS loads from the C drive on the hard drive even though the BIOS has the capability to load the
OS from a floppy disk, CD or ZIP drive. The order of drives that the CMOS looks to in order to
locate the OS is called the boot sequence, which can be changed by altering the CMOS setup.
Looking to the appropriate boot drive, the BIOS will first encounter the boot record, which tells
it where to find the beginning of the OS and the subsequent program file that will initialize the
OS.

Once the OS initializes, the BIOS copies its files into memory and the OS basically takes over
control of the boot process. Now in control, the OS performs another inventory of the system's
memory and memory availability (which the BIOS already checked) and loads the device drivers
that it needs to control the peripheral devices, such as a printer, scanner, optical drive, mouse and
keyboard. This is the final stage in the boot process, after which the user can access the system’s
applications to perform tasks.

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