1. Differentiate between a converging and a diverging beam of light.

Ans:

Converging beam Diverging beam

A collection of rays of light moving towards the A collection of rays of light coming from the
same point is called a converging beam of light same point is called a diverging beam of light.
The rays concentrate at a point The rays emerging from a point source.

2. Define opaque objects.

Ans:
If we cannot see through an object at all, it is an opaque object. For example: wooden door, wall etc.

1. State the characteristics of a plane mirror.

Ans:
The image formed by a plane mirror has the following characteristics.
• The image formed is virtual.
• The image formed is erect.
• The image formed is of the same size as that of the object.
• The distance between the image and the mirror is equal to the distance between the object and the
mirror.
• The image formed is laterally inverted.

2. Give any two uses of a plane mirror.

Ans:
Plane mirrors find numerous uses in our daily lives.
• They are used as dressing mirrors.
• They are also used as decorative objects, in solar cookers, in mirror mazes, etc.
• They are used in the construction of periscopes. A periscope is an optical device that enables the
viewer to view things that are out of sight

1. Give two uses of a concave mirror.

Concave mirrors find a number of uses due to their ability to form images of different types and sizes.

Ans:
Uses of concave mirrors
• They are used as shaving mirrors and viewing mirrors by ENT doctors and dentists.
• They are used in headlamps and in searchlights.
• The converging property of a concave mirror is used in dish-type solar cookers.

2. Define the radius of a curvature and a principal axis.

Ans:
Radius of curvature: It is the distance between the pole and the centre of curvature of a spherical
mirror. It is denoted by the letter R.
Principal focus or focal point: This is a point at which all rays parallel to the principal axis converge in
the case of a concave mirror. But in the case of a convex mirror, the principal focus is a point at which
all parallel rays appear to diverge after reflection. It is denoted by the letter F.

1. State the two laws of reflection.

Ans:
The reflection of light is governed by the following two laws.
1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. i.e. ∠i =∠r
2. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal lie on the same plane.

2. What are the two types of images?

Ans:
Real image: Any image that can be caught on a screen is called a real image
Virtual images: Images that cannot be obtained on a screen are called virtual images

C. Debatable question

1. We can convert a diffused reflection into a specular reflection. How?

Ans:
A specular reflection is what you get from a polished surface, or mirror. It is clear, and you can see
"through" the mirror.
A diffuse reflection is what you get from a white wall. The light is bounced of it, but in random
directions so you cannot see the light source in the reflection.
Many surfaces will be a mix of specular and diffuse - e.g. a smooth desktop will give both kinds of
reflection.

Given below are the three different types of mirrors: plane, concave and convex. Identify the mirror by
observing the characteristics of the images given alongside and fill in the blanks. Hold each mirror very
close to the object and bring it back.

1. The image does not change in size after the object is moved. Plane mirror

2. The image becomes inverted on moving the object away from the mirror.
Concave mirror

3. The image remains erect on moving the object away from the mirror.
Convex mirror

1. A beam with parallel rays is incident on a surface. If the reflected rays are also parallel, then identify
the type of reflection.
a) specular reflection
b) diffused reflection
c) irregular reflection
d) both a and b

2. An object is placed in front of a plane mirror. Which of the following does not describe the
characteristics of the image formed in the mirror?
a) virtual
b) erect
c) inverted
d) laterally inverted
3. The __________ mirror is used as a rear-view mirror in vehicles.
a) plane
b) convex
c) concave
d) none of these

4. According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence is __________ the angle of reflection.
a) greater than
b) less than
c) equal to
d) less than or equal to

5. A perpendicular drawn to the surface of the object at the point of incidence is called a/an _______.
a) incident ray
b) reflected ray
c) normal
d) none of these

1. The image formed by a plane mirror is real. – False

Reason: The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual

2. A concave mirror always forms a real and magnified image. – False

Reason: concave mirror will form diminished image when object is placed beyond C.

3. The angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is known as the angle of incidence. – False
Reason: The angle between incident ray and normal is called as angle of incidence.

4. The image formed by a convex mirror is magnified. – False

Reason: The image formed by a convex mirror is either point sized or small.

5. When the angle between two mirrors increases, the number of images formed decreases. – True
360
Reason: 𝑛 = 𝜃
− 1, when angle increases, the number images formed decreases.
Ans: 1 – d, 2 – e, 3 – f, 4 – a, 5 – b, 6 – c

1. What is the reflection of light?

Ans:
The phenomenon of light bouncing off the surface of an object is called reflection of light

2. Define a spherical mirror.

Ans:
a spherical mirror is a mirror whose reflecting surface is a part of a sphere

3. Define principal focus.

Ans:
Principal focus or focal point: This is a point at which all rays parallel to the principal axis converge in
the case of a concave mirror. But in the case of a convex mirror, the principal focus is a point at which
all parallel rays appear to diverge after reflection. It is denoted by the letter F.

4. What is lateral inversion?

Ans:
Lateral inversion is a phenomenon in which left appears to be right and vice versa. It is due to direction
that light follows when it strikes a reflecting surface, generally a mirror.

5. Write the three uses of a plane mirror.

Ans:
Plane mirrors find numerous uses in our daily lives.
• They are used as dressing mirrors.
• They are also used as decorative objects, in solar cookers, in mirror mazes, etc.
• They are used in the construction of periscopes. A periscope is an optical device that enables the
viewer to view things that are out of sight

6. What are the uses of concave and convex mirrors?

Ans:
Uses of concave mirrors
• They are used as shaving mirrors and viewing mirrors by ENT doctors and dentists.
• They are used in headlamps and in searchlights.
• The converging property of a concave mirror is used in dish-type solar cookers.

Uses of convex mirrors

• Convex mirrors are used as rear-view and street-view mirrors
• They are also used as surveillance mirrors in ATMs, supermarkets, jewellery shops and hospitals.
• Their diverging property is utilised to make street-light reflectors. This helps in spreading the street
light over a large area.

1. Is the principal focus of a convex mirror and a concave mirror on the same side?
2. Define the radius of a curvature and focal length. Give the relation between them.
Ans:
Radius of curvature (R): It is the distance between the pole and the centre of curvature of a spherical
mirror.
Focal length (f): the distance between the pole and the principal focus.

The radius of curvature is twice the focal length; i.e. R = 2f.

3. Draw an image of the letter R as formed by a plane mirror.

4. How do we see objects around us?

Ans:
Light helps us to see things in our surroundings. We are able to view our beautiful world due to the
presence of light. When the rays of light fall on any object, some of the rays’ bounce off them. For
example, the rays of light from a table lamp strikes a piece of paper and bounces off the paper's
surface. When that light enters our eyes, an image of the paper is formed inside the eyes. This image is
then processed by our brain, allowing us to recognise the object as being a piece of paper.

5. Why are multiple images formed when two mirrors are kept at right angles to each other?
Ans:
We get many images of the objects because the image formed by one mirror acts as an object for the
second mirror. Further images of an image are also formed. This continues till no more reflection by
either mirror is possible. This phenomenon is referred to as multiple reflection. So, we get 3 images by
the process of n = 360/Theta (The angle at which mirrors are placed) -1.
Therefore, 360/90 -1 = 4 -1 = 3
6. Find the number of images formed when two mirrors are kept at the angles of 30°, 45° and 120°,
respectively.
Ans:
360 360 360
𝑛= −1 𝑛= −1 𝑛= −1
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃

𝜃 = 30𝑜 𝜃 = 45𝑜 𝜃 = 120𝑜

360 360 360

𝑛= −1 𝑛= −1 𝑛= −1
30 45 120

𝑛 = 12 − 1 𝑛 = 8−1 𝑛 = 3−1

𝑛 = 11 𝑛 = 7 𝑛 = 2

1. In the formula of finding the number of images, can θ be zero? Justify.

Ans:

360
Number of images formed by a plane mirror 𝑛 = 𝜃
− 1, when angle is zero n will be undefined
therefore, we can’t use this formula when 𝜃 is zero.

2. Can we read a newspaper if it shows specular reflection?

Ans:
Due to specular reflection of light, we see the glare. The reflected rays all concentrated in one direction
gives us a bright spot on the newspaper, therefor it becomes difficult to read the text.
1. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is kept at the
centre of curvature.

2. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is kept
between the centre of curvature and the focal point.
Ans:
3. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is kept
beyond the centre of curvature.
Ans:
4. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is kept at
infinity.

6. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is kept at
Focus.
Ans:
7. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is kept
between the pole and the focus.
Ans:

Review Worksheet

Ans: 60o
 Ans: 60o

Ans: concave, 10

Ans: (a)
Ans: (a)

Ans: (a)

Ans: (c)

Ans: (d)

Ans: (c)
Ans: (c)

1. Viashnavi and Arnavi were given one mirror each by their teacher. Viashnavi
found her image to be erect and of the same size, whereas Arnavi found her image
erect and smaller in size. This means that the mirrors of Viashnavi and Arnavi
respectively are
(a) plane mirror and concave mirror
(b) concave mirror and convex mirror
(c) plane mirror and convex mirror
(d) convex mirror and plane mirror

2. Which of the following always diverge light rays?

(a) Convex mirror and plane mirror
(b) Concave lens and convex mirror
(c) Concave mirror and convex lens
(d) Concave lens and convex mirror
3. Which of the following would you prefer to use while reading small letters
found in a dictionary?
(a) A convex lens
(b) A convex mirror
(c) A concave lens
(d) Either (a) or (b)
4. If an object is placed at a distance of 0.5 m in front of a plane mirror, the
distance between the object and the image formed by the mirror will be
(a) 2 m
(b) 1 m
(c) 0.5 m
(d) 0.25 m
Answer:
(b) The distance between object and mirror is given by 0.5 + 0.5= 1 m.
5. A virtual image
(a) can be formed on the screen
(b) cannot be formed on the screen
(c) is formed only by a plane mirror
(d) is formed only by the convex mirror

6. You are provided with a concave mirror, a convex mirror, a concave lens and a
convex lens. To obtain an enlarged image of an object, you can use either
(a) concave mirror or convex mirror
(b) concave mirror or convex lens
(c) concave mirror or concave lens
(d) concave lens or convex lens

Answer:
(b) concave mirror or convex lens
7. An erect and enlarged image can be formed by
(a) only a convex mirror
(b) only a concave mirror
(c) only a plane mirror
(d) Both convex and concave mirrors

Answer:
(b) only a concave mirror

8. Which of the following can be used to form a real image?

(a) Only concave mirror
(b) Only plane mirror
(c) Only convex mirror
(d) Both concave and convex mirrors

Answer:
(a) Only concave mirror
9. You are provided with a convex mirror, a concave mirror, a convex lens and a
concave lens.
You can get an inverted image from
(a) both concave lens and convex lens
(b) both concave mirror and convex mirror
(c) both concave mirror and convex lens
(d) both convex mirror and concave lens
Answer:
(c) both concave mirror and convex lens

10. An image formed by a lens is erect. Such an image could be formed by

(a) convex lens provided the image is smaller than object
(b) concave lens provided the image is smaller than object
(c) concave lens provided the image is larger than object
(d) concave lens provided the image is of the same size

Answer:
(b) concave lens provided the image is smaller than object
Fill in the blanks
1. There are two types of spherical mirrors.
2. Changing of left side of an object to right side of image is called lateral inversion
3. The change in the direction of light by a mirror is called reflection of light.
4. A lens is a curved transparent or translucent device that causes rays to either
converge or diverge.
5. The inner surface of a steel spoon acts as a concave mirror.
6. The outer surface of a flat steel plate acts as a plane mirror.
7. The outer shining surface of a round bottom steel bowl acts as a convex mirror.
8. The inner surface of the reflector of a torch acts as a concave mirror.

TRUE/FALSE
1. The sides of an object and its image formed by a concave mirror are always
interchanged. True

2. An object can be seen only if it emits light. False

Reason: an object can be seen even if the ray of light is emitted from some different
sources of light and suffering the reflection from the object surface after getting incident
on it.

3. The image formed in a plane mirror is erect, enlarged and virtual. False
Reason: the image formed in a plane mirror is always erect and virtual.

4. A concave mirror always forms an erect and diminished image of the object. False
Reason: a concave mirror always forms an erect, virtual and enlarged (larger than the
object) image.

5. The image formed in a plane mirror is behind the mirror. TRUE

6. A concave mirror is also known as a converging mirror. TRUE

7. A virtual image is larger than the object can be produced by a convex mirror. False
Reason: an enlarged image is always larger than the object and is always formed by a
concave mirror.

8. The mirror which can form a magnified image of an object is both convex and concave
mirrors. False
Reason: a concave mirror is a mirror which forms the magnified image of an object.

9. In a convex spherical mirror, reflection of light takes place at a bent in surface. False
Reason: in a convex spherical mirror, reflection of light takes place out the bent out
(bulging out) surface.
Match the following: Match Column I and Column II

Column I Column II
(a) Real image (i) cannot be formed on screen
(b) Magnified image (ii) Upside down image
(c) Erect image (iii) Smaller than the object
(d) Diminished (iv) Upright image
(e) Virtual image (v) Bigger than the object
(f) Inverted image (vi) Formed on the screen

(a)-(vi)
(b)-(v)
(c)-(iv)
(d)-(iii)
(e)-(i)
(f)-(ii)

Very short answer type questions

1. Briefly mention whether mirror change the direction of light
Yes, when a ray of light is incident on the mirror surface, then the mirror changes the
direction of light.

2. Is the image formed by a plane mirror is always upright?

Yes, the image formed by the plane mirror is always upright.

3. Explain why are concave and convex mirrors called spherical mirrors. Concave
and convex mirrors are the parts of sphere whose one side is polished or silvered. So,
they are called spherical mirrors

4. Is it possible to obtain the image on the screen when the candle is too closed to
the concave mirror?
No, when the candle is too closed to the concave mirror.

5. Can you get a real image at any distance of the object from the convex mirror? No, we
cannot get a real image for any position of an object from the mirror because convex
mirror always forms virtual, erect and diminished image in spite of the position of object.

6. Can you name the mirrors used as side mirrors in scooters?

Yes, in the side mirror of scooters, convex mirror is used to have a wider field of view of
the traffic.

7. Explain why concave mirror is known as a converging mirror

Concave mirror is known as a converging mirror because it converges a beam of parallel
rays of light (reflecting from it) at one point.

8. Name the phenomenon that is involved in the formation of image of an object

by a concave mirror.
Reflection of light is the name of a phenomenon which is involved in the formation of
image of an object by a concave mirror.

9. Mention the type of image formed on a cinema screen.

Real image is an image which is formed on a cinema screen.

10. As we know that an image is formed by the actual intersection of rays and can
be obtained on the screen. So, state whether it is real or virtual image.

Since, after the actual intersection of rays, the image obtained on the screen is always
real image.

11. What type of mirror is used as a side mirror in a scooter? Why is this type of
mirror chosen?
Convex mirror is used as a side mirror in a scooter because it can form images of objects
spread over a larger area. So, this helps the driver to view the traffic over a large area
behind them.
12. Briefly tell that how many reflected rays can be obtained from a single
incident ray in respect of a plane mirror.
For a single incident ray, there will be only one reflected ray that can be obtained in
respect of a plane mirror.

Short answer type questions

1. The side mirror of a scooter got broken. The mechanic replaced it with a plane
mirror. Mention any inconvenience that the driver of the scooter will face while
using it.

Answer: As we know that the side mirror of a scooter must be of convex mirror so that
we can view a wide range of traffic spread over a large area. But if plane mirror is used,
we are not able to see large area of traffic which may be difficult for driving vehicle and
can cause accident.

2. We need a shiny surface for reflection. Explain why.

Answer: Since, the extent of reflection depends upon the shine and smoothness of the
surface. So, greater the shining and smoothness of the surface, greater will be the
reflection. So, this is a reason why we require a shiny surface for reflection.

3. Differentiate between a plane mirror, concave mirror and a convex mirror

without touching them.
These mirrors can be differentiated by bringing our face close to each mirror turn by
turn. Since, a plane mirror will produce an image of the same size as our face while a
concave mirror will produce a magnified image and our face will look much bigger and
on other sides, a convex mirror will produce a diminished image and our face will look
much smaller like a small child.

4. The concave reflecting surface of a torch got rusted. What effect would this have
on the beam of light from the torch?

If the reflecting surface of a torch got rusted, it produces diffused light with lower
intensity and the objects are not clearly visible in this diffused and lower intensity of
light.

5. Mention the type of image

(a) which can be formed on the screen.
(b) which cannot be formed on the screen.

Answer:
(a) The image which can be formed on the screen is real image.
(b) The image which cannot be formed on the screen is virtual image.

6. Mention any two letters of English alphabet whose image formed in a plane
mirror appears exactly similar to the letters.

Answer:
Since, image formed by the plane mirror shows lateral inversion, i.e. left seems to right
or vice versa. But in the case of alphabets A and H, these letters show the same image in
the plane mirror.

7. A shopkeeper wanted to fix a mirror which will give a maximum view of his
shop. What type of mirror should he use? Give reason.

Answer:
If a shopkeeper wanted to fix a mirror which will give him maximum view of his shop,
he should use convex mirror. In case of convex mirror, it will give a wider field of view,
i.e. it can collect light from a large area spread over them.

8. Explain the term lateral inversion.

Answer:
When an image is formed by the mirror in such a way that the left side of image is
object’s right side and right side of image is object’s left side. So, this process of change
in the sides of the object as well as of image is known as lateral inversion.

9. State the characteristics of images formed by a concave mirror.

Answer:
The characteristics of image formed by a concave mirror are:
a) The image formed by a concave mirror is not always the same size as the object. It can
be either larger or smaller depending on the distance of the object to the mirror.
b) The image formed by a concave mirror is inverted when the object is kept far fromthe
mirror. So, when it is brought very close to the concave mirror, then an erect and
enlarged image is formed.

10. Assume, a person is standing in front of a plane mirror. The distance between
the mirror and his image is 6 m. If the person moves 2 m towards the plane
mirror, what would be the distance between the person and his image?

Answer:
Since, the image is 6m away from the plane mirror. So, it means that the object is also
6m away from the mirror.

[Because OP = PI]
So, when the person moves 2 m towards the plane mirror, then the distance between
the person and the plane mirror will be equal to (6 m – 2 m) = 4 m, this means that
distance between the image and the mirror will be 4m.

The distance between the person and his image = PO’+ PI’= 4 + 4 = 8m

Long answer type questions

1. You are given three mirrors of different types. How will you identify each one of
them?

We can identify the mirrors by forming image of an object.

a) Plane mirror: In case of plane mirror, image will be virtual, erect and of same size as
that of object.
b) Concave mirror: In case of concave mirror, image may be real, virtual and magnified or
diminished.
c) Convex mirror: In case of convex mirror, image formed will always be virtual, erect and
diminished

2. Last Sunday Girish’s mother, Priyanka was preparing the dinner in her kitchen for
Girish and his father. Both of them were feeling so much hungry and they sat ideally on
their respective chairs and having empty plates and spoons on their dining table. They
were shouting like a 5 years old child that they wanted the dinner so much eagerly in
order to fulfil their stomach. At the sometime, Girish’s mother served the cooked food to
both of them and the moment, when Girish was just about to eat the rice with the help
of spoon, he noticed that the spoon has such a shining surface that it reflected the light
ray’s incident on it.
(a) Explain the importance of shining surface in the reflection of light.
(b) Name the type of spherical mirror represented by the shining steel spoon.
(c) Mention the values shown by Priyanka here towards her family. [Value Based
Question]

Answer:
(a) As we know that the extent of reflection depends upon the shining of surface. So,
greater the shining of the surface, more will be the reflection.
(b) Both convex and concave mirrors are represented by the shining steel spoon.
(c) The values shown by Priyanka here is concern and a satisfaction that she gets after
serving the cooked food to her son and her husband.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
END OF THE PAGE

NOTE:
Hello students, I have covered every possible question of Light chapter in this file,
please go through all the questions. If you are not able to understand a particular
question and answer, please read that once again, I’m sure you will understand.
Don’t think that, this is heavy for you, I have already covered all the points in the
class, this is kind of revision. If you go through every question you will get good idea.
You can answer any question related to this chapter.
By
Sai Vishnu