K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology

and Livelihood Education Learning Module

HORTICULTURE

EXPLORATORY COURSE Grade 7

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Area - refers to the size of the surface
Fertilizer - any material added to the soil to support nutrient
Germination- the development of the seed into a young plant
Graph- a drawing in which the relationship between two (or more) items of information (e.g. Time and plant
growth) is shown in a symbolic way.
Gross Income/Sales - the equivalent value of the product sold. Interest- is the corresponding value that will be
added to the principal as payment for using money of the lender.
Labor- refers to the work performed by farm workers in exchange for salary.
Net Income- is the value remains after all the expenses have been deducted from the gross income or sales.
Principal –refers to the amount you owed.
Volume- is the content of a body or object MAD(Man Animal Day) refers to the number of day/s the work will be
completed by 1 person and 1 animal.
MD-(Manday) refers to the number of day/s the work will be completed by 1 person.

Learning Outcome 1
Perform Estimation

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
 Job requirements are identified from written or oral communications.
 Quantities of materials and resources required to complete a work task are estimated.
 Time needed to complete a work activity is estimated.
 Accurate estimate for work completion are made.
 Estimate of materials and resources are reported to appropriate person.
 Determine the cost and return of producing horticultural crops.
 Determine the profit/loss using the four fundamental operations.
 Determine the price of a product with the use of mark-up percentage.
Materials
 Calculator
 Pencil
 Graphing paper
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

 References

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the use farm tools and equipment. Take this test.

Pretest LO 1
Label the following pictures
FARM INPUTS
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Perform basic workplace calculations

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the use farm tools and equipment. Take this
test.

Pretest LO 2

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

Convert the following:

1. 1m= cm
2. 400cm= m
3. 5km= m
4. 1km= cm
5. 2000 m= km
Find the area (hectare) of the following.

1. 600m x 600m
2. 100mx1000m
3. 200mx300m
4. 300mx400m
5. 500mx600m
Compute the following:

1. 6% of 100 plants were replaced

2. 15% of 28 hectares are harvested
3. 80% of 90 farmers are present
4. 50% of P200 increase in farmers salary
5. 5% of 100 kg seeds are dormant

What Do You Need To Know?

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well. Then find out how much you can remember and how much you
learned by doing Self-check 2.1.

Information Sheet 2.1

PERFORM CALCULATION

It is important to be able to measure and calculate surface areas. It might be necessary to

calculate, for example, the surface area of the cross-section of a canal or the surface area of a
farm.

This Section will discuss the calculation of some of the most common surface areas: the
triangle, the square, the rectangle, the rhombus, the parallelogram, the trapezium, and the circle.

The most common surface areas

The height (h) of a triangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram or a trapezium, is the distance

from a top corner to the opposite side called base (b). The height is always perpendicular to the
base; in other words, the height makes a "right angle" with the base. An example of a right angle
is the corner of this page.

In the case of a square or a rectangle, the expression length (l) is commonly used instead
of base and width (w) instead of height. In the case of a circle the expression diameter (d) is
used.
The height (h), base (b), width (w), length (l) and diameter (d) of the most common surface areas
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

The height (h) of a triangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram or a trapezium, is the distance

from a top corner to the opposite side called base (b). The height is always perpendicular to the
base; in other words, the height makes a "right angle" with the base. An example of a right angle
is the corner of this page.

In the case of a square or a rectangle, the expression length (l) is commonly used instead
of base and width (w) instead of height. In the case of a circle the expression diameter (d) is
used.

The height (h), base (b), width (w), length (l) and diameter (d) of the most common surface areas

TRIANGLES

The surface area or surface (A) of a triangle is calculated by the formula:

A (triangle) = 0.5 x base x height = 0.5 x b x h(1)

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Triangles can have many shapes but the same formula is used for all of them.

Some examples of triangles

EXAMPLE

Calculate the surface area of the triangles no. 1, no. 1a and no. 2

Given Answer
Triangles no. 1 and no. 1a: base = 3 cm Formula: A = 0.5 x base x height
height = 2 cm = 0.5 x 3 cm x 2 cm = 3 cm2
Triangle no. 2: base =3 cm A = 0.5 x 3 cm x 2 cm = 3 cm2
height = 2 cm

It can be seen that triangles no. 1, no. 1a and no. 2 have the same surface; the shapes of
the triangles are different, but the base and the height are in all three cases the same, so the
surface is the same.

The surface of these triangles is expressed in square centimeters (written as cm2).

Surface areas can also be expressed in square decimeters (dm2), square meters (m2), etc...

QUESTION

Calculate the surface areas of the triangles nos. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Given Answer
Triangle no. 3: base =3 cm Formula A= 0.5 x base x height
height = 2 cm c = 0.5 x 3 cm x2cm = 3 cm2

height = 1 cm A = 0.5 x 4 cm x 1 cm = 2 cm2

Triangle no. 5: base = 2 cm A = 0.5 x 2 cm x 3 cm = 3 cm2

height = 3 cm
height = 3 cm
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Triangle no. 6 : base = 4 cm A = 0.5 x 4 cm x 3 cm = 6 cm2

SQUARES AND RECTANGLES

The surface area or surface (A) of a square or a rectangle is calculated by the formula:
In a square the lengths of all four sides are equal and all four angles are right angles
In a rectangle, the lengths of the opposite sides are equal and all four angles are right angles

Note that in a square the length and width are equal and that in a rectangle the length
and width are not equal.

QUESTION

Calculate the surface areas of the rectangle and of the square.

Given answer
Square: length = 2 cm Formula: A = length x width
width = 2 cm =2 cm x 2 cm = 4 cm2

Rectangle: length = 5 cm Formula: A = length x width

width = 3 cm = 5cm x 3 cm= 15 cm2
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Related to irrigation, you will often come across the expression hectare (ha), which is a surface
area unit. By definition, 1 hectare equals 10 000 m2. For example, a field with a length of 100 m
and a width of 100 m2 has a surface area of 100 m x 100 m = 10 000 m2 = 1 ha.

RHOMBUSES AND PARALLELOGRAMS

The surface area or surface (A) of a rhombus or a parallelogram is calculated by the

formula:

A (rhombus or parallelogram) = base x height = b x h(3)

In a rhombus the lengths of all four sides are equal; none of the angles are right angles; opposite
sides run parallel.

In a parallelogram the lengths of the opposite sides are equal; none of the angles are right
angles; opposite sides run parallel.

A rhombus and a parallelogram

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

TRAPEZIUMS

The surface area or surface (A) of a trapezium is calculated by the formula:

A (trapezium) = 0.5 (base + top) x height =0.5 (b + a) x h(4)

The top (a) is the side opposite and parallel to the base (b). In a trapezium only the base and the
top run parallel.

Some examples are shown below:

Some examples of
trapeziums

areas of
the
rectangle
and the two
triangles.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

CIRCLES

The
surface
area or
surface
(A) of a
circle is
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

calculated by the formula

METRIC
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

METRIC CONVERSIONS
Units of length

The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter (m). One meter can be divided
into 10 decimeters (dm), 100 centimeters (cm) or 1000 millimeters (mm); 100 m equals to 1
hectometer (hm); while 1000 m is 1 kilometer (km).

1 m = 10 dm = 100 cm = 1000 mm
0.1 m = 1 dm = 10 cm = 100 mm
0.01 m = 0.1 dm = 1 cm = 10 mm
0.001 m = 0.01 dm = 0.1 cm = 1 mm

1 km = 10 hm = 1000 m
0.1 km = 1 hm = 100 m
0.01 km = 0.1 hm = 10 m
0.001 km = 0.01 hm = 1 m

Units of surface

The basic unit of area in the metric system is the square meter (m), which is obtained by
multiplying a length of 1 meter by a width of 1 meter.

A square meter

1 m2 = 100 dm2 = 10 000 cm2 = 1 000 000 mm2

0.01 m2 = 1 dm2 = 100 cm2 = 10 000 mm2
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

0.0001 m2 = 0.01 dm2 = 1 cm2 = 100 mm2

0.000001 m2 = 0.0001 dm2 = 0.01 cm2 = 1 mm2

1 km2 = 100 ha2 = 1 000 000 m2

0.01 km2 = 1 ha2 = 10 000 m2
0.000001 km2 = 0.0001 ha2 = 1 m2

NOTE:

1 ha =100 m x 100 m = 10 000 m2

----end------
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Activities:

Identification

1. Refers to the work performed by farm worker in exchange of salary.

2. Any material added to the soil to support nutrients.
3. a substance used for killing insects.
4. Remove unwanted plants from (an area of ground or the plants
cultivated in it).
5.

A. Convert the following:

1. 30m=_______________cm
2. 122cm=______________m
3. 21km=_______________cm
4. 15km=_______________m
5. 2001m=______________km

B. Find the area of the following:

Write the formula.

1.
b=42

h=15
0
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

2.

h= 76

b= 91

b =300

3.
h= 500

Find the area of the following hectare:

1. 1200m x 100m
2. 250m x300m
3. 400m x 250m
4. 550m x 180m
5. 740 x 120m
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Find the words that you encounter in our lesson.

S D D R E T E M A I D

E Q S U B M O H R L H

A D G Q V V T O E K
I
L L B N S H I L E R
P
G P A K G X C J R E
F
N H S N A R E A A T
D
A B E M I D Y E U H
A
I L T C B J R Y Q G
W
T R A P E Z I U M S E

R T X E W I D T H W H