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Fibonacci Sequence
The Fibonacci sequence was first found by
an Italian named Leonardo Pisano Bogollo
(Fibonacci). Fibonacci numbers are a
sequence of whole numbers: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,
13, 21, 34, ... This infinite sequence is called
the Fibonacci sequence. Here each term is
the sum of the two preceding ones, starting
from 0 and 1. This has been termed "nature's
secret code".
We can spot the Fibonacci sequence in the
spiral patterns of sunflowers, daisies,
broccoli, cauliflowers, and seashells. Let us
learn more about it and its interesting
properties.
What is Fibonacci
Sequence?
The Fibonacci sequence
sequence, in simple terms,
says that every number in the Fibonacci
sequence is the sum of two numbers
preceding it in the sequence. The first 20
Fibonacci numbers are given as follows:
F0 = 0 F10 = 55
F1 = 1 F11 = 89
F2 = 1 F12 = 144
F3 = 2 F13 = 233
F4 = 3 F14 = 377
F5 = 5 F15 = 610
F6 = 8 F16 = 987
F7 = 13 F17 = 1597
F8 = 21 F18 = 2584
F9 = 34 F19 = 4181
Fibonacci Spiral
The Fibonacci sequence is represented as
the spiral shown below. The spiral
represents the pattern of the Fibonacci
numbers. This spiral starts with a rectangle
whose length and width form the golden
ratio(≈1.618). This rectangle is partitioned
into two squares. Then the squares are
further partitioned. Connecting the corners
of the boxes, the spiral is drawn inside these
squares. The larger the numbers in the
Fibonacci sequence, the ratio becomes
closer to the golden ratio.
The puzzle of rabbits explains the wonder
behind this Fibonacci sequence.
Two newborn rabbits are left in the field.
They are still one pair at the end of the
first month.
They mate and produce a new pair, so
there are 2 pairs in the field, at the end of
the second month.
The first pair produces the second pair,
but the second pair is left without
breeding, so 3 pairs in all at the end of
the third month.
The original pair produces another pair,
the second pair produces their first pair
and the third pair remains without
breeding, making 5 pairs.
The sequence continues in this pattern
and at the end of the nth month, the
number of rabbits in the field is equal to
the sum of the number of mature pairs
(n-2)th month and the number of pairs
alive last month(n-1)th month. This
happens to be the nth Fibonacci number.
Fibonacci Sequence
Formula
The Fibonacci sequence formula for “Fn” is
defined using the recursive formula by
setting F0 = 0, F1= 1, and using the formula
below to find Fn. The Fibonacci formula is
given as follows.
Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, where n > 1
Note that F0 is termed as the first term here
(but NOT F1).
Fibonacci Sequence
Properties
The interesting properties of the Fibonacci
sequence are as follows:
1) Fibonacci numbers are related to the
golden ratio. Any Fibonacci number can be
calculated using the golden ratio, Fn =(Φn -
(1-Φ)n)/√5, Here φ is the golden ratio and Φ ≈
1.618034.
To find the 7th term, we apply F7 =
[(1.618034)7 - (1-1.618034)7] / √5 = 13
2) The ratio of successive Fibonacci
numbers is called the "golden ratio". Let A
and B be the two consecutive numbers in the
Fibonacci sequence. Then B/A converges to
the Golden ratio. to find any term in the
Fibonacci sequence, we could apply the
above-said formula.
A B A/B
2 3 1.5
3 5 1.6
5 8 1.6
8 13 1.625
1.61805555
144 233
5555556
1.61802575
233 377
1072961
Just by multiplying the previous Fibonacci
Number by the golden ratio (1.618034), we
get the approximated Fibonacci number. For
example, 13 is a number in the sequence,
and 13 × 1.618034... = 21.034442. This gives
the next Fibonacci number 21 after 13 in the
sequence.
2) Every nth number is a multiple of n.
Observe the sequence to find another
interesting pattern. Every 3rd number in the
sequence is a multiple of 2. Every 4th
number in the sequence is a multiple of 3
and every 5th number is a multiple of 5.
3) The Fibonacci sequence works below
zero too. We write F-n = (-1)n+1 Fn. For
example, F-4 = (-1)5 . F4 = (-1) 3 = -3.
4) The sum of n terms of Fibonacci
Sequence is given by Σi=0n Fi = Fn+2 - F2
(or) Fn+2 - 1, where Fn is the nth Fibonacci
number. (Note: the first term starts from F0)
For example, the sum of first 10 terms of
sequence = 12th term - 1 = 89 - 1 = 88. It can
be mathematically written as Σi=09 Fi = F11 -
1 = 89 - 1 = 88.
Applications of Fibonacci
Sequence
The Fibonacci sequence can be found in a
varied number of fields from nature, to
music, and to the human body.
used in the grouping of numbers and the
brilliant proportion in music generally.
used in Coding (computer algorithms,
interconnecting parallel, and distributed
systems)
in numerous fields of science including
high energy physical science, quantum
mechanics, Cryptography, etc.
You can use the Fibonacci calculator that
helps to calculate the Fibonacci Sequence.
Look at a few solved examples to
understand the Fibonacci formula better.
☛ Also Check:
Sequence and Series
Arithmetic Sequence Formula
Geometric Sequence Formulas
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Sequences
Sequences
Worksheet
Examples of Fibonacci
Sequence
Example 1: Find the 12th term of the
Fibonacci sequence if the 10th and
11th terms are 34 and 55
respectively.
Solution:
Using the Fibonacci Sequence
recursive formula, we can say that
the 12th term is the sum of 10th term
and 11th term.
12th term = 10th term + 11th term
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Practice Questions on
Fibonacci Sequence
Q 1.
If φ is the golden ratio = 1.618, and
F15 is 610, what is F16 in the
Fibonacci sequence?
Check Answer
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FAQs on Fibonacci
Sequence
What is the Definition of Fibonacci
Sequence?
What is Fibonacci Sequence Formula
in Math?
What is The Fibonacci Sequence in
Nature?
What Are the Applications of
Fibonacci Sequence Formula?
What is the Recursive Formula for the
Fibonacci Sequence?
What is the Formula for the nth Term
of The Fibonacci Sequence?
How Do You Find the Sum of The
Fibonacci Sequence of n Terms?
Why is Fibonacci Sequence
Important? 1
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