IoT Based Automated Irrigation System Using Wireless Module

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture is the unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in India. With rising
population, there is a need for increased agricultural production. In order to support greater
production in farms, the requirement of the amount of fresh water used in irrigation also rises.
Currently, agriculture accounts 83% of the total water consumption in India. Unplanned use of
water inadvertently results in wastage of water. This suggests that there is an urgent need to
develop systems that prevent water wastage without imposing pressure on farmers. Over the past
15 years, farmers started using computers and software systems to organize their financial data
and keep track of their transactions with third parties and also monitor their crops more
effectively. In the Internet era, where information plays a key role in people's lives, agriculture is
rapidly becoming a very data intensive industry where farmers need to collect and evaluate a
huge amount of information from a diverse number of devices (eg. sensors, faming machinery
etc.) in order to become more efficient in production and communicating appropriate
information. With the advent of open source Node MCU along with cheap moisture sensors, it is
viable to create devices that can monitor the soil moisture content and accordingly irrigating the
fields or the landscape needed. The proposed system makes use of microcontroller ESP8266-12E
platform and IOT which enable farmers to remotely monitor the status of sprinklers installed on
the farm by knowing the sensor values.
In this project, the development of the deployment of an automated irrigation system
based on microcontrollers and wireless communication at experimental scale within rural areas is
presented. The aim of the implementation was to demonstrate that the automatic irrigation can be
used to reduce water use. The implementation is a photovoltaic powered automated irrigation
system that consists of a distributed wireless network of soil moisture and temperature sensors
deployed in plant root zones. Each sensor node involved a soil-moisture probe, a temperature
probe, a microcontroller for data acquisition, and a radio transceiver; the sensor measurements
are transmitted to a microcontroller-based receiver. This gateway permits the automated
activation of irrigation when the threshold values of soil moisture and temperature are reached
thereby, making the farmers' work much easier as they can concentrate on other farm activities.

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 IoT Based Automated Irrigation System Using Wireless Module

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Bluetooth is available only for limited range. Instead of controlling the motor in a
particular land we can control the motor action where ever the farmer is.RF cannot be
used because radio waves is that,it has low frequency so it can’t transmit(send) lot of data
at a time.

1.2 Objectives

Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain being manual and static
to intelligent. This suggests that there is an urgent need to develop systems that prevent water
wastage without imposing pressure on farmers. This paper proposes an automated irrigation

system which monitors and maintains the desired soil moisture content via automatic watering.

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1.3.Methodology

Motion
Detection Power supply
(PIR) SOLIDNAL VALVE

NODU MCU
Humidity ESP8266-12E
(WIFI)
Sensor
(DTH11)
Relay

Temp
Sensor
(LM35)

Moisture
Buzzer
Sensor

Fig 1.1: Block Diagram

Receiver Section

Android phone with

internet

Fig 1.2: Receiver Section

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 IoT Based Automated Irrigation System Using Wireless Module

The system is a combination of hardware and software components. The hardware part consists
of embedded system and software is the web APK. The web based apk is hosted online and
consists of readings, from sensors are inserted using the hardware.

Node MCU

Node MCU is open source IOT platform it includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266
Wi-Fi Soc from Espressif systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP- 12 module. Node
MCU provides access to GPIO (General Purposes Input/output).

The programming code is being written for EP8266 Wi-Fi chip using arduino IDE, for which
installation of ESP8266 libraries is required. We design to make working with chip. We took a
certified module with an on board, and plenty of pins and soldered it onto our designed breakout
PCBs. while this has been very popular. The Node MCU is operates at 5v hence the buck coveter
is used.

Relay module

A relay module is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such s solid state
relays are used where its necessary to several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The
solenoid valve works at 12v for the covert ion from 5 to 12v the relay is used.

Temperature Sensor and Humidity Sensor

For monitoring the temperature and the humidity we use DTH11 sensor.The DTH11 detects the
water vapour by measuring electrical resistance between two electrodes. The humidity sensing
components is a moisture holding substrates with electrodes applied to the surface. when water
vapour is absorbed by the substrate, ions are released by substrate which increases the
conductivity between the electrodes.The change in the resistance between the electrodes, while
the lower relative humidity increases the resistance between the electrodes. The principle in the
humidity sensor is they consist of humidity sensing component which has two electrodes with
humidity moisture holding substrate between them.

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Moisture Level Sensor

Moisture Level sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. since direct gravimetric
measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, dying and weighting of sample, soil
moisture sensor measures the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other properties
of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with the neutrons.

1.4 Organization of the report

Chapter 1 describes the overview of the IoT based automated irrigation system using wireless
module.

Chapter 2 describes with the literature survey which gives the information about different
methods proposed by different researchers.

Chapter 3 describes the methodology of automated irrigation using the IoT based wireless Wi-
Fi module.

Chapter 4 describes the implementation of the software and the hardware, advantages,
disadvantages, applications.

Chapter 5 describes the results, and conclusion of IoT based automated irrigation system.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
In A Remote Measurement and Control System for Greenhouse Based on WIFI
[1] The proposed system introduced a GSM-SMS remote measurement and control system for
greenhouse based on PC-based database system connected with base station. Base station is
developed by using a microcontroller, WIFI, sensors and actuators. In practical operation, the
central station receives and sends messages through GSM mod. Criterion value of parameters to
be measured in every base station is set by central station, and then in base stations parameters
including the air temperature, the air humidity.

[2] Induetal (2013)Mainly focuses on reviews in the field of remote monitoring and control, the
technology used and their potential advantages. The paper proposes an innovative
GSM/Bluetooth based remote controlled embedded system for irrigation. The system sets the
irrigation time depending on the temperature and humidity reading from sensors and type of crop
and can automatically irrigate the field when unattended. Information is exchanged between far
end and designed system via SMS on GSM network. A Bluetooth module is also interfaced with
the main microcontroller chip which eliminates the SMS charges when the user is within the
limited range of few meters to the designated system. The system informs users about many
conditions like status of electricity, dry running motor, increases temperature, water content in
soil and smoke via SMS on GSM network or by Bluetooth.

[3]R.Sureshetal (2014) mentioned about using automatic microcontroller based rain gun
irrigation system in which the irrigation will take place only when there will be intense
requirement of water that save a large quantity of water. These systems bring a change to
management of field resource where they developed a software stack called Android is used for
devices that include an operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK
provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform
using the Java programming language. Mobile phones have almost become an integral part of us
serving multiple needs of humans. This application makes use of the GPRS feature of mobile

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 IoT Based Automated Irrigation System Using Wireless Module

phone as a solution for irrigation control system.These system covered lower range of agriculture
land and not economically affordable. In IOT SMS alarm system based on WIFI.

[4]An IOT alarm system based on WIFI module of SIMCOM Company was designed for
greenhouse. The system can gather environmental parameters such as air temperature and air
humidity. Meanwhile, with the use of AT command, this system can also realize SMS automatic
sending and receiving, environmental parameters overrun alarm and insufficient balance alarm.
Through the system setting, the alarm message can be sent to the user-specified mobile phone
automatically no matter what the users' location is. This system as a typical application of IOT in
the agriculture has got some satisfactory results in the actual operation.

[5]It focuses on developing devices and tools to manage, display and alert the users using the
advantages of a wireless sensor network system.

[6]It aims at making agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies. The highlighting
features are smart GPS based remote controlled robot to perform tasks like weeding, spraying,
moisture sensing, human detection and keeping vigilance.

[7]The cloud computing devices that can create a whole computing system from sensors to tools
that observe data from agricultural field images and from human actors on the ground and
accurately feed the data into the repositories along with the location as GPS coordinates.

[8]This idea proposes a novel methodology for smart farming by linking a smart sensing system
and smart irrigator system through wireless communication technology.

[9]It proposes a low cost and efficient wireless sensor network technique to acquire the soil
moisture and temperature from various location of farm and as per the need of crop controller to
take the decision whether the irrigation is enabled or not.

[10]It proposes an idea about how automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water
use for agricultural crops. In addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information.

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[11]The atmospheric conditions are monitored and controlled online by using Ethernet IEEE
802.3.The partial root zone drying process can be implemented to a maximum extent.

[12]It is designed for IoT based monitoring system to analyze crop environment and the method
to improve the efficiency of decision making by analyzing harvest statistics.

[13]In this paper image processing is used as a tool to monitor the diseases on fruits during
farming, right from plantation to harvesting. The variations are seen in color, texture and
morphology.

[14]In this paper, greenhouse is a building in which plants are grown in closed environment. It is
used to maintain the optimal conditions of the environment, greenhouse management and data
acquisition.

[15]Various researches have been carried out on how soil irrigation can be made more efficient
.The researchers have used different ideas depending on the condition of the soil and quantity of
water Different technologies used and the design of the system was discussed by the researchers.
This paper aims at reducing the wastage of water and the labor that is used to carry out irrigation
manually. The proposed system aims at detecting the moisture content of the soil using sensors
that are placed directly into the soil.This sensors sense the water level of the soil and if the water
level is not adequate then the user will be notified through a message that will be sent to the
application which would be installed on the user’s mobile phone.The Arduino board, a
microcontroller, controls the digital connection and interaction between objects in the proposed
system, enabling the objects to sense and act.

[16]Also, with its powerful on-board processing, various sensors and other application specific
devices can be integrated to it. In the system, sensors detect the water and moisture level and
send readings to a fixed access point, such as a personal computer, which in turn can access
irrigation modules installed in the field or the physical module in the water tank, wirelessly over
the internet. A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture
sensors Irrigation by help of freshwater resources in agricultural areas has a crucial importance.

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 IoT Based Automated Irrigation System Using Wireless Module

Traditional instrumentation based on discrete and wired solutions, presents many difficulties on
measuring and control systems especially over the large geographical areas. If different kinds of
sensors (i.e. humidity, and etc.) are involved in such irrigation in future works, it can be said that
an internet based remote control of irrigation automation will be possible.

[17]Mentioned about using automatic microcontroller based rain gun irrigation system in which
the irrigation will take place only when there will be intense requirement of water that save a
large quantity of water. These system brings a change to management of field resources where
they developed a software stack called Android is used for mobile devices that include an
operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK provides the tools and
APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java
programming language. Mobile phones have almost become an integral part of us serving
multiple needs of humans. This application makes use of the GPRS feature of mobile phone as a
solution for irrigation control system. These system covered lower range of agriculture land and
not economically affordable. The System Supports excess Amount of water in the land and uses
GSM to send message and an android app is been used they have used a methodology to
overcome under irrigation, over irrigation that causes leaching and loss of nutrient content of soil
they have also promised that Microcontroller used can increase System Life and lower the power
Consumption. There system is just limited to the automation of irrigation system and lacks in
extra ordinary features. In GSM based Automatic Irrigation Control System for Efficient Use of
Resources and Crop Planning by Using an Android Mobile Pavithra D. S, M. S .Srinath.

[18] States Features of their system:

● The system supports water management decision, used for monitoring the whole system with
GSM (RS-232) module.
● The system continuously monitors the water level (Water level Sensor) in the tank and provide
accurate amount of water required to the plant or tree (crop).
● The system checks the temperature, and humidity of soil to retain the nutrient composition of
the soil managed for proper growth of plant.
● Low cost and effective with less power consumption using sensors for remote monitoring and
controlling devices which are controlled via SMS using a GSM using android mobile. Karan

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Kansaraetal, (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies,

Vol. 6 (6) , 2015, 5331-5333 www.ijcsit.com 5331 In Irrigation Control System Using Android
and GSM for Efficient Use of Water and Power - LaxmiShabadi, NandiniPatil, Nikita. M, Shruti.
J, Smitha. P & Swati. C.

[19] Automated irrigation system uses valves to turn motor ON and OFF. These valves may be
easily automated by using controllers. Automating farm or nursery irrigation allows farmers to
apply the right amount of water at the right time, regardless of the availability of labor to turn
valves on and off. In addition, farmers using automation equipment are able to reduce runoff
from over watering saturated soils, avoid irrigating at the wrong time of day, which will improve
crop performance by ensuring adequate water and nutrients when needed. Those valves may be
easily automated by using controllers. Automating farm or nursery irrigation allows farmers to
apply the right amount of water at the right time, regardless of the availability of labor to turn
valves on and off. They lack in a featured mobile application developed for users with
appropriate user interface. It only allows the user to monitor and maintain the moisture level
remotely irrespective of time. From the point of view of working at remote place the developed
microcontroller based irrigation system can work constantly for indefinite time period, even in
certain abnormal circumstances. If the plants get water at the proper time then it helps to increase
the production from 25 to 30 %.

[20] Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using a Distributed Wireless Sensor
Network Yunseop (James) Kim, Member, IEEE, Robert G. Evans, and William M. Iversen.

[21] The setup of technical system describe in this paper is broad based and is relatively one of
the efficient system that has developed windows application to monitor the field. Field is
equipped with wireless communication sensors that avails better facilitated sensor
communication and covers wider field area. Detailed description on site field sensors and
Internet technology is described briefly. The statistical data provided is measured to be efficient
and used for research work. Microcontroller Based Automatic Plant Irrigation System* Venkata
Naga Rohit Gunturi.

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[22] The main aim of this paper is to provide automatic irrigation to the plants which helps in
saving money and water. The entire system is controlled using 8051 micro controller which is
programmed as giving the interrupt signal to the sprinkler.A wireless application of drip
irrigation automation supported by soil moisture sensors.

[23] Irrigation by help of freshwater resources in agricultural areas has a crucial importance.
Traditional instrumentation based on discrete and wired solutions, presents many difficulties on
measuring and control systems especially over the large geographical areas. If different kinds of
sensors (that is, temperature, humidity, and etc.) are involved in such irrigation in future works, it
can be said that an internet based remote control of irrigation automation will be possible. The
developed system can also transfer fertilizer and the other agricultural chemicals (calcium,
sodium, ammonium, zinc) to the field with adding new sensors and valves. Solar Powered Smart
Irrigation System, Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering.

[24]Cost effective solar power can be the answer for all our energy needs. Conserves electricity
by reducing the usage of grid power and conserves water by reducing water losses.
Advantages: Discourage weeds, saves water and time, statistical data can be used to control
diseases and fungal growth, simplest model.
Disadvantages: This system is just limited to the automation of irrigation system and lacks in
extra ordinary features.

[25] In the prototype design of microcontroller based automatic irrigation system

which will allow irrigation to take place in zones where watering is required, while bypassing
zones where adequate soil moisture is indicated.

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CHAPTER 3

DETAILED DESIGN

3.1A.Software requirements

ARDUINO SOFTWARE ARDUINO IDE

LANGUAGE C,C++,ANSIC
ANDROID BLYNK APP
Table 3.1:Software Requirements

3.1B.Hardware requirements

ARDUINO BOARD NODU MCU 8266-12E

POWER REGULATOR 230V
RELAY 4 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE
MOTION DETECTION SENSOR PIR
TEMPERATURE AND THE DTH11
HUMIDITY SENSOR
MOISTURE SENSOR LM35
BUZZER
SOLIDNAL VALVE
Table 3.2: Hardware Requirements

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3.1.PIR Motion Sensor

PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human
has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use
and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in
homes or businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR
motion" sensors.

Fig 2.1: PIR SENSOR

The above fig2.1 shows the PIR Sensor basically made of a PROELECTRIC SENSOR (which
you can see below as the round metal can with a rectangular crystal in the center), which can
detect levels of infrared radiation. Everything emits some low level radiation, and the hotter
something is, the more radiation is emitted. The sensor in a motion detector is actually split in
two halves. The reason for that is that we are looking to detect motion (change) not average IR
levels. The two halves are wired up so that they cancel each other out. If one half sees more or
less IR radiation than the other, the output will swing high or low.
Connecting PIR sensors to a microcontroller is really simple. The PIR acts as a digital output so
all you need to do is listen for the pin to flip high (detected) or low (not detected).
Its likely that you will want retriggering, so be sure to put the jumper in the H position
Power the PIR with 5V and connect ground to ground. Then connect the output to a digital pin.

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Fig 2.2: PIR Pin Configuration

Some Basic Status Size: Rectangular.
Output: Digital pulse high (3V) when triggered (motion detected) digital low when idle (no
motion detected).
In fig2.2 Shows the pin configuration of PIR Sensor.
Pulse Lengths are determined by resistors and capacitors on the PCB and differ from sensor to
sensor.
Sensitivity range: up to 20 feet (6 meters) 110° x 70° detection range.
Power supply: 5V-12V input voltage for most modules (they have a 3.3V regulator), but 5V is
ideal in case the regulator has different shapes.
BIS0001 Datasheet (the decoder chip used).
RE200B datasheet (most likely the PIR sensing element used).
NL11NH datasheet (equivalent lens used).
Parallax Datasheet on their version of the sensor.

3.2.LM35
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an
advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in° Kelvin, as the user is not required to
subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The
LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of
±1⁄4°Cat room temperature and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°Ctemperature range. Low cost is
assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance,

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linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry
especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it
draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in still air. The
LM35 is rated to operate over a −55° to +150°C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for
a −40° to +110°C range (−10°with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged
in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while theLM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also
available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead
surface mount small outline package and plastic TO-220 package.

Fig 2.3: Linear Monolithic 35

Features of LM35
Fig 2.3 Shows the pin configuration and model of Linear Monolithic.
Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade).
Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor.
0.5°C accuracy guarantee able (at +25°C).
Rated for full −55° to +150°C range.
Suitable for remote applications.
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming.
Operates from 4 to 30 volts.
Less than 60 μA current drain.
Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air.
Nonlinearity only ±1⁄4°C typical.
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Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load.

3.3. DTH11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
This DFRobot DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor features a temperature &
humidity sensor complex with a calibrated digital signal output. By using the exclusive digital-
signal-acquisition technique and temperature & humidity sensing technology, it ensures high
reliability and excellent long-term stability. This sensor includes a resistive-type humidity
measurement component and an NTC temperature measurement component, and connects to a
high-performance 8-bit microcontroller, offering excellent quality, fast response, anti-
interference ability and cost-effectiveness.

Fig 2.4 DTH11

Fig 2.4 Shows DHT11 element is strictly calibrated in the laboratory that is extremely accurate
on humidity calibration. The calibration coefficients are stored as programmers in the OTP
memory, which are used by the sensor’s internal signal detecting process. The single-wire serial
interface makes system integration quick and easy. Its small size, low power consumption and
up-to-20 meter signal transmission making it the best choice for various applications, including

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those most demanding ones. The component is 4-pin single row pin package. It is convenient to
connect and special packages can be provided according to users’ request.

Technical specification

Item Measurement Humidity Temperature Resolution Package

Range Accuracy Accuracy
DTH11 20-90% RH ±5％RH ±2℃ 1 4 Pin
0.5 C Single Row

Table 3.3: Technical Specification of DTH11

Applications

1. Temperature affect.
2. Light affect.
3. Restoration process.
3.4. Moisture Level Sensor

This sensor can be used to test the moisture of soil, when the soil is having water
shortage, the module output is at high level, else the output is at low level. By using this sensor
one can automatically water the flower plant, or any other plants requiring automatic watering
technique. Module triple output mode, digital output is simple, analog output more accurate,
serial output with exact readings.

Features of Moisture Level Sensor

1. Sensitivity adjustable.

2. Has fixed bolt hole , convenient installation.

3. Threshold level can be configured.

4. Module triple output mode, digital output is simple, analog output more accurate, serial output
with exact readings.
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Fig 2.5 Moisture Level Sensor

Applications
1. Agriculture.
2. Landscape irrigation.

Specification

Fig 2.5 Shows the Moisture Level Sensor and its Specification are as follows

Parameter Value

Operating Voltage +5v dc regulated

Soil moisture Digital value is indicated by out pin

Table 3.4: Moisture Level Sensor specification

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Pin Details of fig2.5

Pin Name Details

1 Out Active high output

2 +5V Power supply
3 Gnd Power supply ground
4 Rx Receiver
5 Tx Transmitter
6 Gnd Power supply ground

Table 3.5: Moisture Level Sensor Pin configuration

Working
Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in soil. A soil moisture probe is made up
of multiple soil moisture sensors. One common type of soil moisture sensors in commercial use
is a Frequency domain sensor such as a capacitance sensor. Another sensor, the neutron moisture
gauge, utilizes the moderator properties of water for neutrons. Soil moisture content may be
determined via its effect on dielectric constant by measuring the capacitance between two
electrodes implanted in the soil. Where soil moisture is predominantly in the form of free water
(e.g., in sandy soils), the dielectric constant is directly proportional to the moisture content. The
probe is normally given a frequency excitation to permit measurement of the dielectric constant.
The readout from the probe is not linear with water content and is influenced by soil type and
soil temperature. Therefore, careful calibration is required and long-term stability of the
calibration is questionable.
1. In This sensor we are using 2 Probes to be dipped into the Soil.

2. As per Moisture We will get Analog Output variations from 0.60volts - 5volts.

3. Input Voltage 5V DC.

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3.5. Node MCU

Node MCU is an open source IOT platform. it includes firmware which runs on the
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Soc from Espressif systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12
module. The term Node MCU by default refers to the firmware rather then the developments
kits. The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. it is based on the eLua project, and built on
the Espressif if Non-os SDK for ESP8266.It uses many open sources projects.

Fig 2.6 NodeMCU ESP-8266

Developer ESP8266 Open source community

Type Single board microcontroller
Operating system XTOS
CPU ESP8266
Memory 128kBytes
Storage 4MBytes
Power USB
Table 3.6: Node MCU Specification

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3.6 Project Physical Module

Fig 2.7: Model of the project

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Chapter 4
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
4.1. Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE (Arduino Integrated Developed Environment) is the open source software
which makes easy to write code and upload it to the board. it works on windows ,Linux and
MacosX. It accepts c and c++ .
4.2. Serial terminal
In computing the serial port is a serial communication interface through which
information transfer in or out one bit at a time.
4.3. Blynk server
Blynk server is an open source Netty based java server, responsible for forwarding
messages between Blynk mobile applications and various microcontroller boards and SBCs. It’s
a digital dashboard where you can build a graphic interface for our project.

Fig 2.8: Blynk app

4.4. Android
Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google based on a modified version
of Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touch screen mobile
such as smartphones and tablets. Developer war Google, open Handset Alliance.

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Fig 2.9: Android symbol

4.5. Water Pump Motor

Fig 2.10: Interior of a Water Pumping Motor

The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, far more practical than scooping it up
with one's hands or lifting it in a hand-held bucket. This is true whether the water is drawn from
a fresh source, moved to a needed location, purified, or used for irrigation, washing, or sewage
treatment, or for evacuating water from an undesirable location. Regardless of the outcome,
the energy required to pump water is an extremely demanding component of water consumption.
All other processes depend or benefit either from water descending from a higher elevation or
some pressurized plumbing system.

The ancient concept of the aqueduct took simple and eloquent advantage of maintaining
elevation of water for as long and far a distance as possible. Thus, as water moves over great
distances, it retains a larger component of its potential energy by spending small portions of this
energy flowing down a slight gradation.

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4.6. Flow diagram

Fig 2.11: Flow Chart

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4.7. Advantages
1. Simple to design and install.
2. Increases the productivity and reduces water consumption in agriculture field.
3. Less man power required.
4. Reduces soil erosion and leaching.
5. It helps to maximize profit.
4.8. Disadvantages
1. Internet access requires.
2. Requires frequent maintenances.
4.9. Application
1. Agriculture.
2. Landscape irrigation.

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Chapter 5

RESULTS & CONCLUSION

5.1. RESULT

 Remote control and monitoring over the Actuators and Sensors.

 Detection of Predators over the crop with alert system.
 Analytics over the sensor readings.
 Providing a GUI with user convenient web app.

5.1.1. RESULTS CONTROLLING ACTION IN BLYNK APP

Fig 5.1.1(a) Fig 5.1.1 (b)

Figures above show blynk app output i.e. analytical readings of temperature, humidity, moisture
level, motion detect in the area and the motor turn off and turn on process. Fig 5.1.1(a) shows the
switch on process of motor and Fig 5.1.2 (b)shows the switch off process of the motor.

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5.1.2. RESULTS RELATED TO MOISTURE LEVEL SENSOR AND

MOTION IS DETECTED

Fig 5.1.2(b): when the moisture Fig 5.1.2(c): when the moisture
level is low in the soil and motion level is high in the soil and motion
detects detects

The moisture level is high even-ever the connectivity exists In fig 5.1.2 (b) moisture level sensor
output is low, there is no conducting medium in the soil because, soil is a bad conductor of
electricity. In fig 5.1.2(c) moisture level sensor output is high because water is a good conductor.
Motion of the any living beings are detected then output of PIR is high.

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5.2. CONCLUSION

The modular configuration of the automated irrigation system allows it to be scaled up

for larger greenhouses or open fields. The automated irrigation system implemented was found
to be feasible and cost effective for optimizing water resources for agricultural production. This
irrigation system allows cultivation in places with water scarcity thereby improving
sustainability. Furthermore, the Internet link allows the supervision through mobile
telecommunication devices, such as a smartphone. Besides the monetary savings in water use,
the importance of the preservation of this natural resource justify the use of this kind of irrigation
systems.

5.3. FUTURE SCOPE

Instead of electricity we can use solar radiation which can save electricity.We can make motor to
work automatically by fixing the threshold voltage.There is a probability of detection of mineral
and water content and pH information gets through the mobile.

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Appendix A

A.1 ESP8266

A.1.1Table of range of ESP8266 Node MCU

Developer ESP8266 Open source community

Type Single board microcontroller
Operating system XTOS
CPU ESP8266
Memory 128kBytes
Storage 4MBytes
Power USB

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A.2 LM 35 temperature sensor pin configuration

Pin Description:
Pin No Function Name

1 Supply voltage; 5V (+35V to -2V) Vcc

2 Output voltage (+6V to -1V) Output

3 Ground (0V) Ground

A.3 DTH11 Technical specification

Item Measurement Humidity Temperature Resolution Package

Range Accuracy Accuracy
DTH11 20-90% RH ±5％RH ±2℃ 1 4 Pin
0.5 C Single Row

A.4 Pin Details of Moisture Level sensor

Pin Name Details

1 Out Active high output

2 +5V Power supply
3 gnd Power supply ground
4 rx Receiver
5 tx Transmitter
6 gnd Power supply ground

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