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0 Introduction
In general, every individual born on this earth certainly has their nature, attitude, style, and
personality. Individuals are born different and reach a level of need that will not be the same
between one person and another. These are some of the words we often hear when describing
or talking about an individual and one of them is the word personality. Personality is a
characteristic of the behaviour possessed by an individual; however, each individual has a
different personality.

This is because the character of an individual can be observed and evaluated through
behaviour in a situation at some point. Personality can also be associated with a branch of
psychology in which it has studied the personality and processes of other individuals that
make us human. At the same time, this personality includes an arrangement between factors
such as biology, psychology, and sociology. For the socialization process to take place, one
needs to have a personality.

According to Bootzin, R. R., Bower, G. H., (1991), personality is also spoken of as the
connection between thoughts, emotions, and feelings with human behaviour. This personality
also describes related to individual personality traits and is also associated with the character.
To find out about a person's personality, it can be observed only by looking at the behaviour,
the way a person speaks, and the way a person deals with problems.

2.0 The various factors influencing personality

2.1 Genetic Factor

In general, the genetic of parents will affect the personality of their children, especially in
terms of body shape, physical condition, intelligence, and emotions of their children.
According to Sheldon (1985), a person's personality traits are closely related to his or her
body shape. He has classified the human body shape into three categories, namely
endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph, which are related to personality traits.

Apart from body shape, physical condition, especially diseases such as fatigue (asthma),
diabetes, and so on, which are mostly caused by genetic factors, also affect the development
of a person's personality. A child who often falls ill and is unable to participate in all social
activities and sooner or later will stunt his social development. This will affect the

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development of his personality. Usually, this individual has an introverted personality and is
quiet and shy.

As is well known, a person's intelligence is closely related to the parent's lineage. Therefore,
breed plays an important role in the formation and development of one's personality. For
example, individuals with a high degree of intelligence usually exhibit personality traits that
are confident, courteous, wise, and courageous. Besides, sometimes students who are too
smart also have problems with social adjustment. This is because such children may feel
arrogant and thus can make them unpopular.

2.2 Environmental factor

2.2.1 Family
Indeed, the formation and development of one's personality begin in the family. This means it
starts with the situation or atmosphere in the house. A friendly and harmonious atmosphere
can encourage the development of a healthy personality. Good parental relationships will
ensure a peaceful home environment that is essential for the development of an individual's
personality.

2.2.2 Culture
Different cultures do have different norms and values. Emphasis on a single value in a
particular culture will affect the development of children's personalities as well. In most
cultures, much emphasis is placed on pure values such as respect, tolerance, helping each
other and many more pure values are emphasized. An individual who is brought up with a
culture like this will certainly be a person who is polite and will highlight a balanced
personality.

2.2.3 Peers
Peers are also one of the most important factors in influencing the formation of a person's
personality. This is because each peer has their values. Peers are also the second most
important person after the family for teenagers. That is why most of his actions are influenced
by their peers, whether the values or attitudes brought are positive or negative.

2.2.5 Mass Media

In this modern developing age, mass media is the most important medium of communication
in daily life. So it is not surprising if the mass media also plays an important role in shaping
the development of one's personality. Therefore, exposure to healthy mass media is important

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to ensure the development of a healthy personality. If children are constantly exposed to
videos or movies that feature violence, tyranny, and so on, then they will tend to behave more
aggressively. On the other hand, if children are more exposed to scientific shows such as
sesame gardens and so on, it will be able to help the intellectual development of a student.

2.2.5 Society
The aspirations, hopes, and values of a society can influence the formation of an individual's
personality. For example, the material society emphasizes the importance of wealth and
possessions. Thus, children grow up to be individuals who are always in pursuit of wealth.
Pure values may be left behind. This will give birth to a society that is willing to cheat, rob,
kill and practice corruption to achieve its goal. This situation clearly shows how community
values can produce unwanted personalities.

3.0 The four levels of cognition

Cognitive personality approaches concentrate on variations in how information is interpreted
by individuals.

Intelligence

Conscious goals

Interpretation

Perception

Figure 1: Four levels of cognition

3.1 Perception
The first level is the perception which means the process of organizing information that we
receive through our senses such as sight, sound, smell, and touch in a meaningful way. For
instance, you and I may hear the same sound, but perceive it in very different ways. What you
see maybe not be what I see when I look at the world around me. The two aspects where
perception plays an important role in defining the personality are Field-Independent versus
Field-Dependent and pain tolerance.

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The differences between Field-Independent and Field-Dependent Individuals in the Areas of
Education and Interpersonal Relations are through education for Field-Independent, students
tend to favour natural sciences, maths, and engineering while for Field-Dependent, and
students tend to favour social sciences and education. Besides, through interpersonal relations
for Field-Independent, individuals depend on social information and often ask other people
for their opinions, while for Field-Dependent, individuals tend to show a more detached
orientation towards people.

Next, if we concentrate on the whole or prefer to notice the specifics, the way we view our
world and surroundings depends on our perceptual style. As well as the way we experience
pain or pain tolerance, we also illustrate individual differences. In terms of pain, two
individuals can experience the same physical sensation as having a tooth pulled out by the
dentist, but show entirely different reactions. Some individuals are unable to endure the
slightest pain and complain of mild discomfort. Without a single complaint, some can put up
with pain quickly. People who can handle pain well (reducers) have a mechanism that
decreases the effects of sensory signals, by comparison. Research indicates that reducers
frequently seek intense stimulation rather than increases in the form of substances such as
alcohol, possibly to compensate for lower sensory reactivity and artificially 'boost' their level
of arousal.

3.2 Interpretation
In personality psychology, the psychologist George Kelly is responsible for launching the
cognitive revolution. The theories of Kelly about how individuals view events based on
personal constructs paved the way for the cognitive revolution to take place. The constructs
are the ways of perceiving and understanding occurrences in Kelly's construct theory. In
reality, constructs are sometimes used for evaluating observations by scientists. One example
of a theoretical construct is gravity, but by observing other objects, such as an apple falling
from a tree, we cannot see gravity, but we can show the effect of gravity. We typically
employ personal constructs, according to Kelly's theory, to help us understand events,
particularly in the social environment. Kelly claimed that the products of the personal
structures that people regularly apply are our identities.

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3.3 Conscious goals
Different words, such as personal efforts, current issues, personal projects, and life tasks,
have been used to describe these individual goals. All of these principles illustrate what
individuals think is worth chasing in life and the goal-directed actions they perform to satisfy
these values and desires. A private project can be defined as the necessary actions to achieve
a goal chosen by an individual (Carver and Scheier, 2008). Psychologist Brian Little believes
that personal projects can help us understand personality because they reflect how people find
their way through everyday life. Personal projects in your everyday life, for example, may
consist of goals such as regular exercise, healthy eating, reading one book a month, and
cultivating a better relationship with your family.

Little developed the Personal Projects Analysis method for evaluating the achievement of a
goal of personal projects. Subjects are first advised in this approach to make a list of personal
projects that they find to be significant in their everyday lives. Then, on many scales, they are
told to rate and project. People's beliefs about their projects, such as how necessary they are,
how stressful they are, and how effective they are in achieving their objectives, help
understand how personality functions in daily life. Little also found that overall levels of
happiness and satisfaction with life are most associated with feeling in charge of one's
projects and being positive about the successful completion of those projects (Carver and
Scheier, 2008).

3.4 Intelligence
There are several ways in which intelligence has been identified. One concept of intelligence
relates to the intellectual achievement of how much information a person in his or her age
group has gained compared to others. Intelligence is defined by other meanings as the ability
or aptitude to learn rather than how much one knows or has accomplished. Intelligence was
also known as a single broad factor for general intelligence, also called g. However,
researchers began discovering distinct abilities such as perceptual ability, verbal ability,
memory ability, and arithmetic ability as the test was developed. Therefore, another view of
knowledge has arisen as being domain-specific. Howard Gardner (1983) suggested a
generally accepted concept of intelligence that requires the use of cognitive capacity and
information to solve problems, understand, and accomplish goals that are respected by
individuals and cultures. Gardner introduced a multiple intelligence theory that includes eight

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intelligence types, including linguistic intelligence (word smart, fast learning languages) and
musical intelligence.

4.0 Five effects of personality on your various aspects of life

4.1 Creating an open attitude

A person with a positive personality will be more likely to have an open attitude in the daily
life he goes through. Having this open attitude is more to the individual who can accept a new
idea or suggestion of others in a good way and accept it with an open concept. Not only that,
but this effect can also give and form new experiences and give more enjoyment to their
lives. When a person has an open attitude, then there will also be a deep curiosity so that they
can appreciate something well and easily. Besides, individuals who have this open attitude
tend to like the situation to be frank and less complicated to them. This open attitude will not
only maintain a positive personality but also gives maturity to one’s thoughts.

4.2 Able to create awareness

For individuals who have a high value of awareness, it will refer to personality traits that lead
to a cautious attitude in making any form of decision and give more awareness to oneself.
This is because a person will act based on the sanity and wisdom of his mind rather than
relying on decisions based on emotions. The effects of personality in providing awareness
include his daily life, his environment, and the society around him. That form of
consciousness will exist through the impulse response that occurs. Awareness is also based
on the way the individual controls it, manages it, and the way he acts based on the impulses
received.

4.3 Creating sociable individuals

Next look at the third personality effect is to produce individuals who like to socialize or do
social activities. In this case, it will give rise to the character of someone more friendly, full
of energy, and usually positive. When a person's personality is positive, it will help to be
close to social activities that lead to an introduction to the external environment. This
situation will show that they like to talk a lot, evaluate themselves, and get attention. Positive
interactions that occur within one will lead to better behavioural changes and leave effects
that can help the formation of stable behaviours.

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4.4 Changing the perception of society
The fourth effect of personality on one's form of life is to be able to give feedback and
change society's perception of oneself. This is because society can assess our personality by
only looking at the outside. But they will not know what happened next. A good and civilized
personality will give a positive perception also to the views of society. However, if we have a
bad personality or more towards negative activities then the views and perceptions of society
will also be different depending on the behaviour of a person. Personality is the main
interpretation seen by society in determining one's characteristics.

4.5 Exposed to social problems

The last effect is related to the negative effect where personality can also lead to a form of
negative behaviour change if not properly controlled. One of the causes of this condition can
be due to the role of parents who do not pay due attention to their children. When parents do
not pay attention to the growth of their children, they will become more and more complacent
and more in tune with the fast-paced modernity with modern technology. In the end, it is very
easy for a person to fall into the valley of vice, crime, and so on. The casting of personality
on these children starts from the parents who are the entities closest to the souls of the
children. If given good knowledge and knowledge then these children will be closer to good
if not given good exposure to children then they will be closer to social and immoral
activities.

5.0 Article
This journal is entitled The Influence of the Five Factor Personality upon Organisational
Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Among Teachers. This journal discusses Studies on
organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is still new in Malaysia, especially among
teachers. The importance of OCB in an organization has been proven to improve individual
performance and productivity. Meanwhile, personality plays an important role in influencing
OCB.

Besides, in this study, we want to see whether the personality of five factors influences the
OCB of SBT teachers and normal daily or not because there is a relationship between
personality and OCB that has been conducted in previous studies (Golafshani, & Rahro,
2013; Hashim et al., 2017; Kaur & Manpreet, 2014; Mahdiuon et al., 2010; Organ & Lingl,
1995). If the employee has OSB value as an added value in themselves it will help make a

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person more competent to achieve better job performance. Jim et al. (2013) found that
competent employees will exhibit OSB.

Besides, based on previous studies have shown prudent personality factors and openness
most significantly indicate a relationship with OSB consistently. The study that has been
discussed is also done a lot on workers abroad not in Malaysia. Not only that, studies like this
have also been conducted on employees in higher education institutions but have not yet been
conducted among educators in schools. Thus, this is a cluster in previous studies that have
been conducted. Accordingly, this study aims to look at the level of OSB and personality of
five factors among SBT teachers and regular daily. Next, identify the influence of five-factor
personality on OSB.

In the meantime, the design of this study is a quantitative study because this study uses
questionnaires in the form of cross-sectional studies. The cross-section is in line with this
study because the researcher will collect the data in a short time by involving different
respondents in terms of age, length of service, and others among teachers in high-performing
day schools (SBT) and normal daily (non-SBT).

Therefore, this study will identify whether a teacher's personality influences OCB. This
quantitative study was carried out by collecting data from a questionnaire distributed to 287
people that consists of teachers from SBT (High-Performance Schools) and daily schools in
primary schools around Putrajaya. The Big Five Inventory Instrument by John and Srivastava
(1999) is used to measure the five-factor personality and the measurement scale of
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) by Podsakoff et al. (1990) to measure OCB. It
also contains 44 items measuring five-factor personality with a five-point Likert scale and
Organization Citizenship Behavior (OSB) measurements developed by Podsakoff et al.
(1990) containing 24 items with a seven-point Likert scale

Data were analysed by multiple regressions using Statistical Package for Social Science
version 23. The results showed that neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness influenced
OCB among teachers as a whole. The impact of this study can help the MOE identify the
characteristics of the candidate teachers who match the OCB required in the selection and
placement of teachers. The MOE can also devise self-awareness intervention modules to
maintain and improve OCB among teachers. Future studies need to examine the influence of
personality upon the more specific OCBs so that the performance of teachers is always
maintained at its peak.

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6.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, whatever the definition was given about personality, as a whole it is a
combination of various traits and self-concepts of a person. An individual who has a positive
self-concept will produce a personality that suits the needs of his environment.
Conversational style, way of acting, the behaviour showed and the way a person interacts
with the environment can help to recognize one's personality. Allport, G, W. (1971) states
that personality is an attribute or trait possessed by an individual such as the way of thinking,
and emotion that allows him to be distinguished from other individuals. In the formation of
this personality can also be concluded that situations that occur to others are also able to give
a picture and response to a person's personality. This is because it has a direct or indirect
relationship with oneself. Every situation that occurs can also lead to the formation of
positive and negative personalities. It also depends on the level of acceptance of a person in
shaping their personality.

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References
Allport, G, W. (1971). Personality: A psychology interpretation. London: Redwood Press
Limited.

Bootzin, R. R., & Bower, G. H., (1991). Psychology Today, An Introduction (7 th.ed). New
York: McGraw-Hill.

Carver, C.S., & Scheier, M.F. (2008). Perspectives on personality (6th Ed.). New York:
Pearson.

Gardner, H. (1983). The theory of multiple intelligences. Heinemann.

Nur Farhah Mohd Shah & Fatimah Wati Halim. (2018). The Influence of the Five Factor
Personality Upon Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Among Teachers.
Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia 32(2): 1-11 ISSN-2289-817

Pervin, L.A. (2003). The science of personality (2nd Ed.). Boston, MA: Oxford University
Press.

Sheldon, P. J., & Var, T. (1985). Tourism forecasting: A review of empirical research.
Journal of Forecasting, 4(2), 183-195.

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