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Shape Function

This document describes an experiment to plot and understand the 2D triangular shape functions used in finite element modeling. It defines a local coordinate system for a 3-node triangular element and derives the shape functions N1, N2, and N3 in terms of these coordinates. Plots of the shape functions are generated for two example triangular elements to verify that the functions are linear, as expected for a first-order triangular element.

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Vasudev Bansal
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57 views5 pages

Shape Function

This document describes an experiment to plot and understand the 2D triangular shape functions used in finite element modeling. It defines a local coordinate system for a 3-node triangular element and derives the shape functions N1, N2, and N3 in terms of these coordinates. Plots of the shape functions are generated for two example triangular elements to verify that the functions are linear, as expected for a first-order triangular element.

Uploaded by

Vasudev Bansal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 2-b

AIM: Plot and understand 2-D triangular element shape function


used in F.E.M.
THEORY:
In case of 2-D elements the local co-ordinates are a function of
zeta and eta. As, we talk about a triangular element, 3 nodes are
considered i.e each at one vertex and each vertex holds some co-
ordinates in global co-ordinate system.
Local co-ordinate system is defined as follows:
At node 1: Zeta = 1, Eta =0,
At node 2: Zeta = 0, Eta =1,
At node 3: Zeta = 0, Eta =0.
Zeta = 0 Eta = 0 Eta = 1
Zeta = 1 N3

N1 N2

Since, value of Zeta and Eta at node 3 are both 0, so we define


the shape function w.r.t the global co-ordinates.
At node 1: N1 is 1, N2 = N3 = 0;
At node 2: N2 is 1, N1 = N3 = 0;
At node 3: N3 is 1, N2 = N1 = 0;
Each node will have two displacements, one in either dimension i.e
x and y.
Shape Functions
We are going to compute the displacement of the nodes at the
triangle vertices but we also need to compute the displacement for
points inside the triangle. We will use shape functions to
interpolate the nodal displacements to compute the displacements of
arbitrary points inside the triangles. We will start by moving only
one point on the triangle and holding the other two fixed. We can
draw both the deformed and non-deformed triangles on top of one
another.

The following diagram shows our element divided into 3 region by a


point. This point lies inside the triangle and has its own
displacements. The displacement in x dxn is denoted by u and in y
dxn in denoted by v.

Also, N1 + N2 + N3 = 1

And, N1 = Zeta, since Zeta = 1 at node 1 like N1


N2 = Eta, since Eta = 1 at node 2 like N2
N3 = 1 – N2 – N1.

Substituting N1,N2,N3 in u,v eqn. we get,

Also, co-ordinates of the interior point is a function of co-


ordinates of the nodal points as follows:

Substituting N1,N2,N3 in x,y eqn. we get,

These equations can be used to compute the shape functions.


PLOTTING THE SHAPE FUNCTIONS

GUI

We input the co-ordinated of nodal points and the gui returns the
shape functions N1, N2 and N3.

CASE A: (2,1), (4,8), (9,8)


CASE B: (1.5,2), (7,3.5),(4,7)

RESULT:
The shape function plotted were linear implying the displacement of
each node is linear.
A clear plot of the shape function is attached below:

SUBMITTED TO: Prof. Rajesh Kumar


SUBMITTED BY: Vasudev Bansal
ROLL NO. : UE189084
BRANCH: Mechanical Sec-II 6TH Sem

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