Shape Functions of 2D and 3D Elements
ME5130
Venue: meet.google.com/qry-vajw-kjz
Class timing:
Monday: 4:00 – 5:25 PM; & Thursday: 2:30 – 3:55 PM
QUIZ 8 on 23/11/20
Ashok Kumar Pandey (Monday)
18:00 Hrs – 18:30 Hrs
Mobile: 09494060728
Email: [email protected]
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
IIT Hyderabad, India
Date: 19/11/2020 Lecture 19
Elements Matrices and Vectors
1 1
3 − Noded Triangular Element
𝐴3 𝐴2
𝑦
Constant strain element 𝐴1
2 3 2 3
(𝑎1 + 𝑏1 𝑥 + 𝑐1𝑦) (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑦) (𝑎3 + 𝑏3 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑦) 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 1 𝑥1 𝑦1
1
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3 = , , = , , 𝐴 = 1 𝑥2 𝑦2
2𝐴 2𝐴 2𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 2 1 𝑥
3 𝑦3
𝑥 = 𝐿1 𝑥1 + 𝐿2 𝑥2 + 𝐿3 𝑥3
𝑁1 = 𝐿1, 𝑁2 = 𝐿2 , 𝑁3 = 𝐿3
𝑦 = 𝐿1 𝑦1 + 𝐿2 𝑦2 + 𝐿3 𝑦3
Space to Scribble
Method 1: Polynomial of higher order
First method of constructing polynomial of higher order
𝐿1 = 1
1
𝑛 4 6
𝑈=
𝑞
𝑎𝑖 𝐿1 𝐿𝑟2 𝐿𝑠3 𝐿1 = 1/2
𝑖=1
2 3
5
Where, q, r, and s are non-negative integers which may range
over n possible combinations such that
(𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 2)
𝑚 = 𝑞 + 𝑟 + 𝑠, 𝑛=
2
For example consider a six node triangle.
For m=2, we get n=6 and
𝑈1 = 𝑎1 𝐿21 + 𝑎2 𝐿22 + 𝑎3 𝐿23 + 𝑎4 𝐿1 𝐿2 + 𝑎5 𝐿2 𝐿3 + 𝑎6 𝐿3 𝐿1
Equivalent to
𝑈 𝑒 = 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 𝑥 + 𝑏3 𝑦 + 𝑏4 𝑥 2 + 𝑏5 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏6 𝑦 2
Method 1: Polynomial of higher order
In order to obtain the shape function, we get write displace for
all the nodes 𝐿1 = 1
1
𝑈1 = 𝑎1 𝐿21 + 𝑎2 𝐿22 + 𝑎3 𝐿23 + 𝑎4 𝐿1 𝐿2 + 𝑎5 𝐿2 𝐿3 + 𝑎6 𝐿3 𝐿1 4 6
𝐿1 = 1/2
𝑈1 𝑎1 𝑎1 𝑈1
𝑈2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑈2 2 3
𝑈3 𝑎3 5
𝑎3 −1 𝑈3
= 𝐶 𝑎4 , 𝑎4 = 𝐶
𝑈4 𝑈4
𝑈5 𝑎5 𝑎5 𝑈5
𝑈6 𝑎6 𝑎6 𝑈6
𝑎1 𝑈1
𝑎2 𝑈2
𝑎3 𝑈3
𝑈 𝑒 = 𝐿21 , 𝐿22 , 𝐿23 , 𝐿1 𝐿2 , 𝐿2 𝐿3 , 𝐿3 𝐿1 𝑈 𝑒 = 𝐿21 , 𝐿22 , 𝐿23 , 𝐿1 𝐿2 , 𝐿2 𝐿 3 , 𝐿3 𝐿1 𝐶 −1
𝑎4 𝑈4
𝑎5 𝑈5
𝑎6 𝑈6
𝑁
(𝑎1 + 𝑏1 𝑥 + 𝑐1 𝑦) (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑦) (𝑎3 + 𝑏3 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑦) 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3 = , , = , ,
2𝐴 2𝐴 2𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
Method 2: Writing shape function by Inspection
Use inspection to write shape function as product of
polynomial terms: 𝐿1 = 1
1
4 6
𝑁1 = 𝐶(𝐿1 − 0)(𝐿1 − 1/2) 𝐿1 = 1/2
such that 𝑁1 = 0 at 𝐿1 = 0, 𝐿1 = 1/2 2 3
5
and 𝑁1 = 1 at 𝐿1 = 1, 𝐶=2
Similarly,
𝑁3 = 𝐶(𝐿3 − 0)(𝐿3 − 1/2) 𝐶=2
𝑁4 = 𝐶𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐶=4
Similarly, for cubic triangle: m=3, n=10
Cubic Triangular Element
• For 10 noded cubic triangular element: m=3, we get n=10
9 1
Corner nodes: 𝑁1 = (𝐿 − 0)(𝐿1 − 1/3)(𝐿1 − 2/3) 𝐿1 = 1
2 1
4 9
𝐿1 = 2/3
27 5 8
Edge node: 𝑁4 = 𝐿 𝐿 (𝐿 − 1/3) 𝐿1 = 1/3
2 1 2 1 10
2 6 3
7
Face node: 𝑁10 = 27𝐿1𝐿2 𝐿3
• Similarly, for quartic triangle: m=4, n=15
Differential and Integral Operations
Since shape function is a function of area co-ordinates L1, L2,
L3, to compute terms in [Be], we need to find :
𝛿𝑁1 𝛿𝑁1 𝛿𝐿1 𝛿𝑁1 𝛿𝐿2 𝛿𝑁1 𝛿𝐿3
= + +
𝛿𝑋 𝛿𝐿1 𝛿𝑋 𝛿𝐿2 𝛿𝑋 𝛿𝐿3 𝛿𝑋
Example: For 6 noded elements, 𝑁4 = 4𝐿1 𝐿2
𝛿𝑁1 𝛿𝐿1 𝛿𝐿2 𝑏1 𝑏2
= 4𝐿2 + 4𝐿1 = 4𝐿2 + 4𝐿1
𝛿𝑋 𝛿𝑋 𝛿𝑋 2𝐴 2𝐴
Similarly, for integration of triangular domain, k, m, n as
non-ve integer
. 𝑚!𝑘!𝑛!
Identity= 𝑘𝐿 𝐴1 𝐿𝑚 𝑛
2 𝐿3 𝑑𝐴 = 2𝐴 2+𝑘+𝑚+𝑛 !
Integration along an edge 1-2 with length “a” (𝐿3 = 0),
2
𝑚! 𝑘!
න 𝐿𝑘1 𝐿𝑚
2 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑎
1 1+𝑘+𝑚 !
3D Hexagonal Elements of the Serendipity Family (Bricks Elements)
Linear element: 8 noded brick a=1, b=1, c=1
3 𝑍 2
1
𝑁1 = (1 + 𝑥)(1 + 𝑦)(1 + 𝑧) 4 1
8
𝑌
1 7
𝑁2 = (1 − 𝑥)(1 + 𝑦)(1 + 𝑧) 2𝑐 6
8 8
2𝑎
1 5
𝑁3 = (1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦)(1 + 𝑧) 𝑋
8
2b
1
𝑁8 = (1 + 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦)(1 − 𝑧)
8
3D Hexagonal Elements of the Serendipity Family (Bricks Elements)
• Quadratic element: 20 noded brick a=1, b=1, c=1
3 𝑍 11 2
12 10
Typical mid-edge nodes are 4 1 19
20 9 𝑌
7 18 6
2𝑐 17
1 15 14
𝑁9 = (1 + 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦 2 )(1 + 𝑧) 13 2𝑎
4 8 16 5
𝑋
Similarly for other mid-edge nodes 2b
Typical corner nodes like serendipity family:
2 3 1
a a
1 𝑁9 𝑁12 𝑁17
𝑁4 = 1 + 𝑥 1 − 𝑦 1 + 𝑧 − − −
8 2 2 2
𝑥(𝑎 + 𝑥) 𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑥)
𝑁1 = 𝑁2 = −
2𝑎2 2𝑎2
Similarly for other corner nodes
(𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑁3 =
• Cubic elements: 8 corner + 2x 12 edge =32 noded brick 𝑎2
Straight Edge Tetrahedral Family of Elements
Volume co-ordinates are defined 4
Volume of P234 (𝑎1 + 𝑏1 𝑥 + 𝑐1 𝑦 + 𝑑1 𝑧)
𝐿1 = = 𝑃
Volume of 1234 6𝑉 3
Volume of P134 (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑦 + 𝑑2 𝑧)
𝐿2 = = , 1 2
Volume of 1234 6𝑉
Volume of P124 (𝑎3 + 𝑏3 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑦 + 𝑑3 𝑧)
𝐿3 = =
Volume of 1234 6𝑉
Volume of P123 (𝑎4 + 𝑏4 𝑥 + 𝑐4 𝑦 + 𝑑4 𝑧)
𝐿4 = = ,
Volume of 1234 6𝑉 1 𝑥1 𝑦1
1 1 𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑉=
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 + 𝐿3 + 𝐿4 = 1 6 1 𝑥3 𝑦3
1 𝑥4 𝑦4
𝑥 = 𝐿1 𝑥1 + 𝐿2 𝑥2 + 𝐿3 𝑥3 + 𝐿4 𝑥4
𝑦 = 𝐿1 𝑦1 + 𝐿2 𝑦2 + 𝐿3 𝑦3 + 𝐿4 𝑦4
𝑧 = 𝐿1 𝑧1 + 𝐿2 𝑧2 + 𝐿3 𝑧3 + 𝐿4 𝑧4
Tetrahedral Family of Elements
Linear tetrahedral 4 noded
• Linear tetrahedral 4 noded 1
𝐿1 = 𝑁1 𝐿2 = 𝑁2 𝐿3 = 𝑁3 𝐿4 = 𝑁4 𝑃 4
2 3
Quadratic tetrahedral 10 noded
• Quadratic tetrahedral: 6 mid-edge nodes+ 4 corner nodes=10
1 𝐿1 = 1
Corner nodes: 𝑁1 = 2 𝐿1 − 𝐿 1
2 1
𝐿1 = 1/2 7
Mid-edge nodes: 𝑁5 = 4𝐿1 𝐿2 5 6 4
𝐿1 = 0
10 𝑃
9
2 3
8
Tetrahedral Family of Elements
• Cubic tetrahedral: 4 corner nodes + 2x 6 edge nodes + 1x4 Cubic tetrahedral 20 noded
face node = 20 nodes
𝐿1 = 1 1
9 1 2
Corner node: 𝑁1 = 𝐿1 𝐿1 − 𝐿1 −
2 3 3 𝐿1 = 2/3 9
5 10
27 1 𝐿1 = 1/3 7
19 18 4
Edge node: 𝑁5 = 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿1 − 𝑃
2 3 6 8
17 16 14
𝐿1 = 0 15
20
2 13
Typical face node: 𝑁17 = 27𝐿1𝐿2 𝐿3 11 12 3
. 𝑞 𝑘!𝑚! 𝑛!𝑞!
Identity= 𝑘𝐿 𝑉1 𝐿𝑚 𝑛
2 𝐿3 𝐿3 𝑑𝑉 = 6𝑉 3+𝑘+𝑚+𝑛 !
Thank You
