FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WELCOME TO

FST
TRAINING
Human factory
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

2.6

Well
INTERVENTION
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WELL SERVICES

WELL INTERVENTIONS WELLHEAD SERVICES WORKOVERS EMERGENCY SERVICES

ROUTINE NON-ROUTINE

PRODUCTION COILED
WIRELINE SNUBBING HWU RIG PUMP UNIT
TESTING TUBING

DRIFT RUN FISHING

WELL RE
SURVEYS STIMULATION WELL
TESTING REPAIRS COMPLETE / CAPPING
GL JOB DRILLING KILL
SAMPLING SIDE TRACK
ZONE CHANGE WASHING
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

IWCF DEFINITION:

WELL INTERVENTION is a well service operation conducted on live wells.

(Pressure Control) – 3 Barriers

&

WORKOVER is a well service operation conducted on dead wells.

(Well Control) – 2 Barriers
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

REASONS FOR WELL INTERVENTION

1. Remove flow obstructions e.g. sand bridge, wax, asphaltene, scale,
paraffin, hydrates etc.
2. Eliminate excessive water or gas production.
3. Repair completion accessories mechanical failure or re-completion.
4. Well Stimulation for production enhancement (acid wash, matrix
acidizing and fracturing).
5. Zones change.
6. Maintain control of oil, gas and water production from various
zones or layers in stratified reservoirs.
7. Reservoir monitoring
8. Perforations
9. Fishing jobs etc.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WORKOVER APPLICATION

Some minor well conduit failures can be repaired by Well Intervention

techniques. However Workover technique is required, if the failure is
serious such as;
• TRSV failure.
• Casing, Tubing & Packer leak.
• Casing, Tubing collapse.
• Serious Cement failure.
• Failure or insufficient system for artificial hydrocarbon recovery.
• Recovery of fish which is unable to be recovered by well
interventions method.
• Re-completion
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WELL INTERVENTION METHODS

1. WIRELINE
• Method using wire or cable to convey tools
2. COILED TUBING
• Technique using continuous thin-walled
tube into pressurized well by means of a
mechanically
driven belt.
3. SNUBBING
• Tripping pipe into well against pressure.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WELL INTERVENTION APPLICATIONS

1. WIRELINE Advantage: Disadvantage:
• Logging • Efficient • Gravity
• Zone Change • Speed 400 fpm • Deviation
• Gas Lift Operation • Small Footprint • Bending Stress
• Perforation • Quick RU
• Setting FCD
• Fishing

2. COILED TUBING Advantage: Disadvantage:

• Stimulation & Perforation • Speed 200 fpm • Bending Stress
• Washing & Fishing • Stronger than WL • Dog Leg
• DH Motor Drilling • WL Application • Large Footprint
• Cement & Squeeze • High Deviation Well • Colloidal effect

3. SNUBBING Advantage: Disadvantage:

• CT Application • Stronger than CT • Speed <10 fpm
• Rotary Drilling • Horizontal Well
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WIRELINE
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WIRELINE
Well Intervention technique of conveying tools & instrument downhole.
The most efficient & practical method to diagnose well problems.
Easily junk wells if not properly manage.

Wireline Category:
1. Slickline or Solidline or Pianoline
2. Braidedline / Electricline
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SLICKLINE
Single strand wire with wire OD range from 0.105”, 0.108”, 0.125” & 0.190
(0.092”, 0.082”, 0.072” & 0.066”).
• Wire selection depends on the severity of the operation load.
• It’s robust & versatile in service
Mechanical application;
• Removal of well obstruction
• Repair mechanical failure
• Bringing other zones in-line
• Setting downhole FCD
Advance application by running;
• Recorded Real Time Data Acquisition Instrument
• Recorded Tubing Caliper
• Perforators
• Tubing Cutter
• Chemical Deployment Tools
• Explosive Jar etc
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

BRAIDEDLINE
Multi-strands wire cable OD range from 3⁄16”, 7⁄32”, ¼” & 5 ⁄16”.
• Wire selection depends on the severity of the operation load required.

Application:
• Retrieval of downhole tools with slickline failure.

• Fishing job

• Swabbing
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

ELECTRICLINE
Multi-strands wire cable range from 3⁄16”, 7⁄32”, ¼” & 5 ⁄16”, 7⁄16” & ¾” OD
with single or multiple conductors.

Application by running;
• SRO Pressure & Temperature Recorder
• SRO Electronic Logging Instrument for open hole & cased hole.

• Coring Services

• Packer setting

• Perforations etc.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WIRELINE EQUIPMENT
1 Surface Equipment
1.1 WL Unit
1.2 Power Pack
1.3 Hoisting Unit
2 PCE Optional PCE
2.1 Quick Union 2.6 Tool Trap
2.2 Stuffing Box / GIH 2.7 Tool Catcher
2.3 Lubricator 2.8 Injection Sub
2.4 BOP 2.8 SCU
2.5 Tree Adapter 2.9 Pumping Tee
3 Subsurface Equipment (SSE)
3.1 Toolstring 3.6 Shifting Tool
3.2 Service Tools 3.7 Kick Over Tool
3.3 Tubing Conditioning Tools 3.8 Overshot
3.4 Running Tools 3.9 Spear
3.5 Pulling Tools 3.10 Flow Control Device
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Surface EQUIPMENT
1.1 Wireline Unit
• Single Drum or Dual Drum
• Skid Mounted / Containerized / Helicopter Unit
Component
• Operating Panel – Direction Lever, Brake, Hydraulic Valve, Gauges etc
• Measuring Device
• Weighing Device
• Level Wind

1.2 Power Pack

• Diesel or Electrical Powered
• Zoning Classification

Zone 0 – Continuous present of flammable agent.

Zone 1 – Flammable agent likely to occur in normal operation.
Zone 2 – Flammable agent not likely to occur in normal operation.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SURFACE EQUIPMENT
1.3 Hoisting Unit
• Pedestal Crane
• Mast
• ‘A’ Frame
• Derrick
• Gin Pole
• Rig

Operational Considerations:
• Length of Lubricators, Risers & Stack Up.
• Height of Hoisting Unit
• Fishing Job
• Toolstring Length
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PCE - QUICK UNION

OTIS BOWEN

Pin End

•Thread Connection:
O-Ring
5¾ - 4 ACME Thread
•Hand Tight NO wrench
Box End
•O-Ring seal
•To be kept clean at all time.
•Check thread & o-ring before make-up.
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PCE - STUFFING BOX

Hydraulic Stuffing
Box

Manual Stuffing Box

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PCE - GREASE INJECTION HEAD

Flow Tube Range:
2 Tubes: <2K psi
3 Tubes: <10K psi
GIH
4 Tubes: <15K psi Contaminated
Clearance: 0.004” – 0.006” Grease Tank

SCU

Pack Off Hand Pump

Lubricator

Grease Pump
BOP
Flow Tube
Flow Tube, Flow Tube
Cable & & Cable
Grease GIH GREASE SYSTEM
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PCE - SAFETY CHECK UNION

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PCE - LUBRICATOR

Lower Section Top Section

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PCE - BOP

Ram Outer Seal Ram Body Assembly

Ram Guide

Ram Key Ram Inner Seal

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Slickline pce
Stuffing Box
Stuffing Box

Lubricator
Lubricator
SLICKLINE FISHING
SLICKLINE OPERATION OPERATION

Blind Ram
Blind Ram Blind Ram

Shear & Seal Ram Shear & Seal Ram

FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

BRAIDEDLINE PCE
GIH
PRIMARY BARRIER

SCU

Lubricator

SECONDARY BARRIER
1 1 Braidedline Ram
2 2 Braidedline Inverted Ram
3
4 3 Blind Ram
4 Shear Ram

Shear & Seal Ram

TERTIARY BARRIER
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

TOOLSTRING
All sub surface tools must incorporate ‘Fishing Neck’ a
recovery feature. Int FN 1

Ext FN
3.1 Toolstring
1. Rope Socket
2
2. Stem
3. Jar
4. Knuckle Joint

Optional Tools
5. Roller Stem 3

6. High Density Stem

7. Hydraulic Jar
8. Spring Jar
9. Knuckle Jar
4
10. QLS
11. Swivel Joint
12. Accelerator
12 10 11 9 8 7 6 5
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
Chapter 8
TOOLSTRING CONFIGURATIONS
3 ft
Rope Socket 3 ft Roller Stem

Swivel Joint 4 ft
6 ft

3 ft 3 ft
Accelerator Roller Stem

Knuckle Joint

4 ft
Stem
3 ft 3 ft
Roller Stem
6 ft

Knuckle Joint
2½ ft
2½ ft 2½ ft
Upstroke Jar

Spang Jar

SSSV 10°-20° Angle 20°-30° Angle 30°-50° Angle 50° Angle & Above
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SERVICE TO0LS
3.2 Service Tool
1. Gauge Cutter 6 7
2. Blind Box
3. Lead Impression Block (LIB)
4. Wire Scratcher
5. Tubing End Locator
6. Pump Bailer
7. Hydrostatic Bailer 4 5

1 2 3
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CONDITIONING TO0LS
3.3 Tubing Conditioning Tool - Always use with Pulling Tool

1. Swage
- To restore light tubing collapse.

2. Broach
-To remove scale /paraffin deposits

1 2
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

RUNNING TOOLS
3.4 Running Tools
1 External Fishing Neck
2 Internal Fishing Neck
3 Selective Running Tool
4 Non-Selective Running Tool

Latching Mechanism:
(Jar ▲ or ▼to free)
7
5 Shear Pins
3
6 Dogs
RT Accessories:
7 Shank, Probe, Guide & Prong. 2

4
1 6
5
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

RUNNING TOOLS

OTIS “X” R/T CAMCO “W-1” R/T BAKER “G” R/T CAMCO “Z-6” R/T CAMCO “DT” R/T
(X-Lock) (M-Lock) (S-Lock) (DB-Lock) (C-Lock)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PULLING TOOLS
3.5 Pulling Tools
1. External Fishing Neck
2. Internal Fishing Neck

Shear Direction:
3. Jar ▲ (Large Pin)
4. Jar ▼ (Small Pin)

3 1 3 2
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Pulling Tools

CAMCO “JU” P/T CAMCO “PRS-2” P/T OTIS “GR” P/T

CAMCO “JD” P/T CAMCO “PRS” P/T OTIS “GS” P/T
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SHIFTING TOOLS
3.6 Shifting Tool

1. Serves to open or close Sliding Sleeve.

2. Selective & Non-Selective

3. Pressure equalization is compulsory prior opening SSD

4. Feature
• Key or Dog
• Self Releasing
• Safety Release
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Shifting TOOLS

Collets
Connecting
Key Key Spring Adjuster
Top Sub Mandrel
Shear Pin
Key Control Sleeve
Retainer Main Spring

Spring Housing
Key Main Spring
Key Spring
Spring
Collets Split Ring Shifting Dog
Dog Retainer
Locating Dog
Shear Pins
Body

Main Mandrel Thread Protector

OTIS “B” Positioning Tool OTIS “BO” Downshift Tool BAKER “D-2” Shifting Tool
(OTIS SSD) (OTIS SSD) (BAKER “L” SSD)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

KICK OVER TOOLS

3.7 Kick Over Tools

1. Serves to set or pull valve from Side Pocket Mandrel

2. Pressure equalization is compulsory prior pulling valve from SPM

3. Feature:
• Locating Finger
• Self Orient-able
• Kickable Arm Assembly
• Safety Release
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Kick Over Tool

Locating Finger

Shear Pin
Spring

Set Screw

Leaf Spring Arm Assembly

Guide

Catcher Sub

CAMCO “OK “ Series KOT CAMCO “OM “ Series KOT MERLA KOT
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

OVERSHOT & SPEAR

3.8 Overshot
To latch on downhole tools without External
Fishing Neck

3.9 Spear
To latch on downhole tools without Internal
Fishing Neck
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

FLOW CONTROL DEVICES

3.10 Flow Control Device
Lock Mandrel + Type of Plug + Equalizing Sub
Type of Lock: Slip Lock, Collar Lock & Nipple Lock
Type of Plugs: Hold pressure ▼, Hold ▲, Hold ▼&▲
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

WIRELINE CONCLUSIONS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

COILED TUBING
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

COILED TUBING (CT) services

Coiled Tubing provides a broad spectrum of well interventions services
that substantially reduce costs for many work over, remedial &
specialized drilling operations formerly requiring a rig.

Common CT size range from 1”-1¾” due to current economical

changes & CT advance technology larger size range from 2”-3½”.

It can be easily transported, rigged – up & unrigged in a

shortest period of time, Offshore - 3 hrs & Onshore 1½
hrs)

Currently max working depth 25K ft @ 250

ft/min. CT is cheaper & quicker
alternative to perform downhole
works compare to conventional
methods.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT APPLICATIONS
LIMITATIONS:

1. Wellbore Cleanouts • Life Limits – primarily bending

stresses.
2. Cementing
• Pressure & Tension Limits –
3. Stimulation Monitor & record tension &
compression at various pressures.
4. Sand Control
• Diameter & Overall Limits –
5. Nitrogen Injection Record usage, physical conditions &
dimensions.
6. CT Fishing
• Helicoidal Buckling affect
7. CT Wired Service horizontal well.
8. CT Completion

9. CT Drilling
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Wellbore cleanouts
Cleaning for;
• Formation sands or fines
• Produced proppant (fracturing operations)
• Workover debris

Primary reasons for performing wellbore cleanouts are to restore

production capability of the well & permit free passage of wireline tools.

Fill can be removed chemically or mechanically. Majority of cases, fill is

removed by circulating fluid through CT while slowly penetrating the
fill with a nozzle or jetting sub. Where consolidated fill exists,
assistance of a downhole motor or impact hammer/impact drill may
be required.

Due to complex hydraulics, fill removal is generally more difficult in highly

deviated and horizontal wellbore.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

cementing
CT may be used for squeeze cement & set cement plugs in wellbore.

Squeeze cement is used to change production or injection profiles of a

well & involves squeezing a specially designed cement slurry into
existing perforations to seal them off.

Reasons for setting cement plugs in wells are various include kick-off
plugs, which are used as a base to mill a window in well tubular &
abandonment of plugs, which are used to seal off sections or an
entire wellbore at the end of its useful life. Kick-off plugs are often set
as part of CT drilling operations.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

stimulation
Treatment designed to restore or increase formation natural permeability.
• Fracturing Stimulation
• Matrix Acidizing Stimulation
Fracturing Stimulation using CT can be done in multi-layered reservoirs &
can isolate individual zones in a reservoir.
In Matrix Stimulation treatments fluid (usually acid) is injected in area
around wellbore to remove damage at a pressure below Pressureff to
allow hydrocarbon to flow freely towards wellbore.
Formation damage appears for various reasons during drilling, workover,
& production of a well & has negative effect on oil & gas production.
Damage can be due to;
• Formation fines
• Natural swelling of clay minerals in formation
• Formation of scale or deposition of heavy hydrocarbons
• Drilling mud, damage
• Bacteria.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SAND CONTROL
Treatments designed to minimize sand production from a well. Through-
tubing sand control can be performed with CT & consists of one of
the following methods;
• Sand Consolidation
• Gravel Packing
• Placement of Screen
Sand Consolidation is achieved by injecting special treatment fluid (resins)
in the near-wellbore formation. The resins glue the sand particles
together & consolidate the formation.
Gravel Packing is a method placing some wire-mesh screens in wellbore
across sand producing formation & filling the gap between screen &
borehole wall with gravel pack sand of a certain size. This barriers
prevent formation sand from entering wellbore & being produced.
Placing screens in a wellbore is similar to gravel packing but without
gravel pack sand on the outside of the screens. The screens
themselves form a barrier for the sand.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

NITROGEN INJECTION
Reasons for using nitrogen in wellbore include;
• Well or nitrogen kick-off
• Use of foam for fill cleanouts
• Use of foam as a diverter for matrix acidizing.

After performing drilling & workover operations on a well, the well is

usually dead because of the HP inside the wellbore exceeds the
pressure in the formation.
Nitrogen circulation through CT is the most common method of initiating
production. This technique is relatively simple, flexible & causes no
disposal or operational difficulties to surface production equipment.
Flow is induced by aerating the fluid column in the well to reduce the
hydrostatic pressure. When this pressure is reduced below the
pressure of reservoir, the well begins to flow.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT FISHING
CT fishing is to remove stuck or lost objects from a wellbore.
Advantages of CT fishing:
• CT is considerably stronger than slickline or braided line.
• The rigidity of CT helps to access highly deviated & horizontal sections
of a well that cannot be reached using slickline.
• Fluids pumped through CT can improve access to the fish.

There are many methods & tools that may be used in CT fishing
operations. Each fishing job is unique & may require tools &
techniques to be modified or adapted to suit the application. Details
of the fish, wellbore tubular, well condition & surface equipment need
to be taken into consideration.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT WIRED SERVICE
Coiled tubing can be used to accomplish traditional wired services such
as logging, perforating, or DSP. Because of its flexibility and
strength, coiled tubing is used in both deviated and horizontal wells,
as well as in vertical ones.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT COMPLETIONS
CT completions utilize CT string as a permanent wellbore completion. The
CT string is run into the well using standard CT equipment. Once the
planned depth is reached, the CT string is cut at surface & hung off
in the wellhead. The CT string may remain in the well for several
years & can be retrieved when necessary using CT equipment
again.

All of the downhole equipment is in the CT, making completion of wells

quicker & more efficient than conventional methods. CT also installs
artificial lift equipment & performs remedial work upon a well.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT DRILLING
CT can be used to drill new hole or to re-enter an abandoned hole. CT
is capable of actually drilling new hole (not simply milling out, as in
fishing operations). The drilling is accomplished either with the
completion removed or through tubing. CT drilling can be performed
overbalanced or under-balanced.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT EQUIPMENT
Regardless of working environment CT unit will include the 4
following main components:
1. Control Cabin 1 5

2. Power Pack 6

3. CT Reel 3 2

4. Goose Neck 7

5. Injector Head 8

6. Strippers
7. BOP
8. Kill Line
XMAS TREE
9. BHA

WELLHEAD
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CONTROL CABIN
Various configuration & design:
• Independent or truck mounted unit
• Elevated Location - to provide full view of all activities.
Instrument & Control System:
• Primary control: Weight Indicator, Circulating & Wellhead Pressure
• Secondary control: Depth/Speed, Stripper Pressure & Chain Tensioner
• Support control: Engine RPM, Drive System, Air & BOP Pressures
Standby pumps as back-up to operate PCE in maintaining maximum
well security in the event of major equipment failure.
Gauges are located at operator’s eye level.
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

POWER PACK
Prime mover usually diesel engine that provides power to hydraulic
circuits in CT Unit.
• Driving an array of hydraulic pumps supplying each system or circuit with
the required pressure & flow rate.
• Operate independently of exterior power or air supplies once started.
• Includes accumulators providing backup hydraulic energy to key
components in the event of an emergency
Power Pack Main Components:
• Engine
• Hydraulic Pumps
• Pressure Control Valves
• Hydraulic Reservoir
• Accumulators
• Filters & Strainers
• Heat Exchangers
• Hydraulic Fluid
• Safety Devices.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT REEL
Primary function is store & protect CT. (25k ft of 1”, 1¼”, 1½”, 1¾”, 2” & 2⅜” CT)
(RIH & POOH Speed: 250 ft/min
Component:
• Reel motor Maintain proper tension, Reel & IH.
• Level wind assembly Ensures close, even & efficient spooling onto reel.
• Reel swivel Allows fluid to pumped while CT rotating.
• Lubrication system Application of inhibitor or protective coating.
• Mechanical counter Back-up depth measurement system,
• Crash frame Protect CT during handling & transporting.
RIGHT ANGLE DRIVE (Floor Mounted Motor) DIRECT DRIVE (Axle Mounted Motor)

Supplementary Hydraulic System

Crash Frame

Chain Drive

Reel Motor
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Level Wind Assembly

CT REEL
CT REEL TOP VIEW CT REEL SIDE VIEW

Reel Swivel

Level Wind Chain Drive

Assembly
Reel Motor

REEL SWIVEL
LEVEL WIND Grease Nipple
ASSEMBLY
Chevron Packing

Bearing Assy.

Mounting Flange

Connection
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

COILED TUBING
• Raw long flat metal strips rolled & folded into long spiral tube &
welded.

• The individual length is welded together to form continuous

length.

• Alloy grade ‘A606’ is the common material use for ductility &
combat bending stresses.

• 2 types – Normal operation constant OD & ID. Abnormal

operation constant OD & variation ID.

• Limitations – Bending Stresses, Internal Pressure Pump & Axial

(tension).
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT HISTORY
COILED TUBING
CONSTRUCTION
90s QUALITY TUBING
1965 – REPUBLIC 90s SOUTHWESTERN
TUBING 90s MANNESMAN QT-70 QT-700

Strip length

Welded strips are rolled & 250 ft 1000 ft 1700 ft 3500 ft

formed into continuous CT.
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT MANUFACTURING PROCESS

ACCUMULATOR

STRIP HI QUALITY
PREPARATION WELD

TUBING FORMING HEAT

ANNEALING SIZING INSPECTION
ROLLERS TREATMENT

Welding Loop External Bead

Removal

Forming Rollers
Welding Loop

Metal Strips
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

GOOSE NECK
It guides CT from horizontal to vertical position as it leaves the reel to enter
the top of IH. Profiled rollers the Goose Neck support the CT as it is
bent over the Goose Neck arc.

The gooseneck can have a radius as small as 48” or as large as 120”

depending upon the size of the CT. Larger gooseneck sizes (radii) are
used to minimize the fatigue of the CT string. The recommended
gooseneck radii and their relative sizes are shown below.

API RECOMMENDATIONS
CT Size Radius
1¼”
48” – 72”
1½”
Profiled Rollers
1¾”
72” – 96”
2”
2⅜”
90” – 120”
2⅞ CT GOOSE NECK
3½” 96” – 120”
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

INJECTOR HEAD Lifting Bail

Goose Neck
IH essentially consists of hydraulic motors (1)
connected to chains (2) that move the CT. The
motors actually turn the chains through a set Swivel
of timing gears to synchronize the movement
of both chains.
1

The IH basically consists of two separate frames.

• Inner frame attached to base with a hinge (3) &
an electronic load cell (4)
2

• Outer frame consists of crash frame attached to

the same base by rigid connections. The
gooseneck is attached to the outer frame to
avoid interference with the load cell readings.

4 3

Stripper Mounting
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

INJECTOR HEAD
Main motor (1) drives the chain with Idler 1
Sprocket (2) & Tension Sprocket (3).
The chains are assembled using roller chain
components & specially designed gripper
blocks.
4
The inside chain tensioners or skates (4), provide 5
force for the chains to grip CT. The skates are 3
linked with hydraulic cylinders (5). To reduce
vibrations to hydraulic cylinders there are
shock absorbing accumulators (6) mounted on 6
the injector head. 2
Link Pin
Split Pin Link Plate

Cam Roller

Gripper Block
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

STRIPPER
Pressure containment device
• Installed above BOP & below IH.
• Dual assembly used for extreme well conditions.
• Hydraulic activation from Control Cabin.
• Can be redressed during operation with pressure isolated
1. Conventional Stripper
2. Tandem Stripper
3. Side Door Stripper
4. Radial Stripper
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CONVENTIONAL STRIPPER
Upper Brass
• Hydraulic pressure applied through Pack Locking Pin Bushing
Port moves Piston & Lower Bushing ▲ &
energize stripping element against Non Non-
Extrusion
Extrusion Ring. De-energize is achieved Ring
RETRACT PORT
through Retract Port.
Stripping
Element
• Well pressure will further energize
stripper element.
Energizer

• Stripper components are split into two &

Lower
make possible to be redressed during PACK PORT
Brass
operation from top of Stripper within IH Bushing
frame provided the well pressure is
isolated. Piston

• Redressing period 45 min – 1 hr.

FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SIDE DOOR STRIPPER

Coiled Tubing
Upper Brass
Bushing

• Easy & safer access for seals inspection.

PACK PORT
• Extended Upper Bushing improve guides Piston
& minimizing seals wear.
Non-
• Hydraulic pressure applied through Pack Extrusion
Port moves Piston, Upper Brass Bushing Ring
& Non-Extrusion Ring ▼ thus energize Element
the element. Retractable
Door

• Well pressure does not help to energize

the element.
Lower
Brass
• 5 – 10 min redressing period. Bushing
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

TANDEM STRIPPER
Quick Union
Connection

• Used in conjunction with fixed Stripper.

• Similar in principle with Side Door Stripper

• Back up Stripper system.

• Allow operation to continue without delay.

• Primary Stripper should be redressed

at the earliest practical opportunity.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

RADIAL STRIPPER
• Easy & safer access for Seals inspection.

• Generally used for high pressure well.

• 45 min period redress

Upper Guide Element

Indicator

Piston
Lower Guide
Ram Body
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

BLOW OUT PREVENTER

Secure CT & isolate well pressure during normal, unusual or emergency
operating situations.
• Only holds pressure from above.
BOP type:
• Ram BOP Ram Inserts:
* Blind, Slip, Shear, Pipe & Variable Rams.
• Annular BOP

CT BOP Features:
• Side Kill Port
• Equalizing Valve
Function & pressure test is mandatory before use
CT BOP available in COMBI, TRIPLE & QUAD BOP unit.
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

RAM TYPE BOP

SINGLE RAM BOP

Ram Assembly

Top Seal

Top View
Pipe Ram
Insert
Ram Body
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

RAM TYPE BOP OPERATIONS

Opening Line

Ram

Piston

Closing Chamber

Opening Chamber

Closing Line

To close the ram, Hydraulic Fluid supplied by the Accumulator is sent to

the Closing Chambers & acts on the Piston causing the Ram to close. At
the same time, Hydraulic fluid is vented from the opening chambers back
to the accumulator. The opening sequence is the opposite.
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

VARIABLE RAM TYPE BOP

Top Seal

Variable Ram
Assembly

Variable Ram Insert

RAM CLOSE ON 5” PIPE

RAM CLOSE ON 3½” PIPE

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT COMBI, TRIPLE & QUAD BOP

Solid block BOP
• Less height, weight & potential leakage.
Ram Configuration:
1 Combi BOP
• Slip or Blind Ram
• Pipe Ram
2 Triple BOP
• Blind Ram
• Shear or Slip
• Pipe Ram
3 Quad BOP
• Blind Ram
• Shear Ram
• Slip Ram
• Pipe Ram
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SINGLE RAM BOP

Generally use for;
• Shear & Seal BOP
• Variable BOP
• Spacer Spool
Shear & Seal BOP serve as tertiary barrier.
Position immediately above Xmas Tree. Upper Blade Ram
Lower Blade Ram Assembly
Assembly

Top Seal Top Seal

Anti Extrusion Block Ram Body

Ram Body

Tee-Seal
Lower Shear Blade Locking Screw Upper Shear Blade
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SHEAR & SEAL ACTUATOR

FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SHEAR & SEAL RAM OPERATION

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

ANNULAR TYPE BOP

• Seal with tubing or without tubing.
Head
• Can be used for stripping
• Use for deployment of long BHA
Element

Cross-Section

Piston

Body
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

ANNULAR TYPE BOP

Element

Head

Body

Opening Port

Piston
Closing Port

Closing Port
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

ANNULAR BOP CLOSE & OPEN

CT CT

HEAD HEAD

ELEMENT ELEMENT

BODY BODY

Opening Port

Closing Port

PISTON
PISTON
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Annular BOP Closing Action

Closing Action Begins

Shut off Seal - No Tubing Seal Around Tubing

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY

1
BHA configuration:

1. Coiled Tubing
2
2. Connector

3. Check Valve Standard Tools

3
4. Optional BHA
5. Specialist Tools
• Downhole Motors
4
• Jetting Nozzles
• Bull Nose
• Bridge Plugs
• Perforating Guns
5
• Logging Tools
• etc.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT CONNECTOR – STANDARD TOOL

1. Roll-On Connector
The easiest type & use when no
rotation required (tubing splice) &
same OD w/CT.
2. Grapple Connector
Lager OD than CT & can be used
for rotating.

3. Pinned Connector
Better torque effect than Grapple
type but weak due holes drilled.

4. Electricline Connector
This type of connector grips from
outside CT with conductor wireline
running inside CT. Deploying
electronic logging tools in horizontal
wells. Designs differ from company
to company & quite complicated.

CRIMPING TOOL

4 3 2 1
Crimping Wheel Profile
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT CHECK VALVE – STANDARD TOOL

1. Ball Check Valve

Metal-to-metal seal & use when no
2
requirement for ball activated tools. 1
3

2. Dart Check Valve

Similar to Ball type.

3. Flapper Check Valve

Full bore design & enables
launching of balls.

4. Spring Return Check Valve

All time close valve & can be pump
5 4
through..

5. Pressure Retaining Check Valve

Similar to Spring Return type &
adjustable by adding or subtracting
washers.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT OPTIONAL TOOL - STANDARD

Release Sub, Jar, Accelerator, Swivel etc

Example - RELEASE SUB

1. Ball Operated Release Sub
Surface pressure activated. Calculate volume of CT
on reel & launch ball by free fall until it sit (CT under
slight compression) then pressure up to release sub.

2. Pressure Activated Release Sub

Similar to Ball type but pressure differential in CT
can activate sub.

3. Tension Activated Release Sub

Requires over pull from surface to shear screw &
release sub.

3 2 1
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT SPECIALIST TOOL
1. Reverse Circulation Bullnose

2. Multiple Small Diameter Ports

3

3. Mule Shoe & Angle Jet

4. Drill Motor
1

2
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT SPECIALIST TOOL
5. Drill Bits
6
6. Blind Box

7. Casing Cutter 8 7

8. Undereamer

5
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CONVENTIONAL PRESSURE
0 psi – 3500 psi (Quick Union Connection ) 1

1. Goose Neck
2
2. Injector Head

3. Stripper
3
4. Flow Cross 4

5. Quad BOP
5
6. Shear & Seal BOP
6
7. Xmas Tree

7
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

HIGH PRESSURE pce STACKS 1

3500 psi – 7000 psi (Flange Connection)

1. Goose Neck 2

2. Injector Head 3

4
3. Dual Stripper System

4. Annular BOP 5

5. Quad BOP System 6

7
6. Flange Riser

7. Flow Cross Double Isolation Valves 8

8. Quad BOP System 9

9. Shear & Seal BOP

10
10. Xmas Tree
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT PRESSURE BARRIERS Stripper

Primary Barrier

Stripper

Blind Ram

Shear Ram
Secondary Barrier
Slips Ram

Pipe Ram

Tertiary Barrier Shear & Seal Ram

 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SLUICE LENGTH
Stripper
Length from Stripper bottom to top of Shear &
Seal BOP
• Deployment system
• Installing Annular BOP, Riser or Spacer Spool BOP
(extra Safety BOP)
SLUICE LENGTH

Connections between Stripper & BOP is

preferable to use Hydraulic Connector making
it possible to reconfigure Sluice Length
Riser or
Spacer Spool

Shear & Seal BOP

FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

CT CONCLUSIONS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING
Snubbing: “Tripping pipe (1½” - 3”) into well against pressure”
Stripping: “Run pipe through element to contain well pressure”

APPLICATION: ADVANTAGE OVER CT:

• Sand Washing • Small vertical footprint
• Well Unloading • High drilling/milling rotation torque
• Washing Perforations
• Acidising • High pressure > 5k psi
• Cementing • Horizontal well
• Drilling or Milling
• Fishing
• Blow Control
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING EQUIPMENT 4

1. Hydraulic Jack Assembly 11. Hoses

2. Guide Tube 12. Equalizing Loop 1 2

3. Access Window 13. Bleed-Off Line

4. Traveling Slips/Snubbers 14. Strippers
5
5. Stationary Slips/Snubbers 15. Circulating System
6. Work Basket 3
14
7. Power Swivel/Tongs
13
8. Control Panel
12
9. Power Pack
10
10. BOP System
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING PROCESS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING PROCESS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING PROCESS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING PROCESS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING FORCE
500
8½”
7”
400
4½”

300

200
3½”

100
2⅞”

50
2⅜”

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
WELLHEAD PRESSURE, PSI (1,000)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Tool Joint Upper Stripper Ram

(Closed)
Equalising
Valve (Open)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Closed) Choke

Spacer
Spool
Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram SNUBBING UNIT BOP
(Open) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #1A
•TOOL JOINT LOWERED
Upper Safety Ram TO UPPER STRIPPER RAM
(Open)

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

Tool Joint Upper Stripper Ram

(Closed)
Equalising
Valve (Open)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Closed) Choke

Spacer
Spool
Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram SNUBBING UNIT BOP
(Closed) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #1B
•LOWER STRIPPER RAMS CLOSED
Upper Safety Ram
(Open)

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
Tool Joint Upper Stripper Ram
(Closed)
Equalising
Valve (Closed)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Open) Choke

Spacer
Spool
Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram SNUBBING UNIT BOP
(Closed) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #1C
•EQUALISING LOOP CLOSED
Upper Safety Ram
(Open)
•BLEED-OFF LINE OPENED

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
Upper Stripper Ram
(Open)
Equalising
Valve (Closed)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Open) Choke

Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram
(Closed) SNUBBING UNIT BOP
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #1D
Upper Safety Ram
(Open)
•UPPER STRIPPER RAMS OPENED
•TOOLJOINT LOWERED
BETWEEN RAMS

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
Upper Stripper Ram
(Closed)
Equalising
Valve (Closed)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Open) Choke

Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram
(Closed) SNUBBING UNIT BOP
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #2A
Upper Safety Ram
(Open)
•UPPER STRIPPER RAMS CLOSED

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
Upper Stripper Ram
(Closed)
Equalising
Valve (Open)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Closed) Choke

Spacer
Spool
Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram SNUBBING UNIT BOP
(Closed) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #2B
•BLEED-OFF LINE CLOSED
Upper Safety Ram •EQUALISING LOOP OPENED
(Open)

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
Upper Stripper Ram
(Closed)
Equalising
Valve (Open)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Closed) Choke

Spacer
Spool
Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram SNUBBING UNIT BOP
(Open) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #2C
•LOWER STRIPPER RAMS OPENED
Upper Safety Ram
(Open)

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY
Upper Stripper Ram
(Closed)
Equalising
Valve (Open)

Fixed Or Variable Bleed Off Fixed Or Variable

Choke Valve (Closed) Choke

Spacer
Spool
Equalising
Loop
Lower Stripper Ram SNUBBING UNIT BOP
(Open) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

OPERATION #2D
•TOOL JOINT LOWERED
Upper Safety Ram INTO THE WELL
(Open)

Lower Safety Ram

(Open)
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING BOP ARRANGEMENT

0-5k psi WP - ONE PIPE SIZE

Upper Stripper Ram Bleed Off

Equalizing Loop

Lower Stripper Ram To Pump Line

Upper Safety Ram

Lower Safety Ram

Choke

Xmas Tree The wellhead must have a

minimum of at least two
blind BOPs, gate valves or
a combination of both.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING BOP ARRANGEMENT

5k – 10k psi WP - ONE PIPE SIZE
Upper Stripper Ram Bleed Off

Equalizing Loop

Lower Stripper Ram To Pump Line

Upper Safety Ram

Blind Ram
Choke & Kill Line Choke

Shear Ram

Lower Safety Ram

Xmas Tree The wellhead must have a

minimum of at least two
blind BOPs, gate valves or
a combination of both.
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING BOP ARRANGEMENT

10k – 15k psi WP - ONE PIPE SIZE
Upper Stripper Ram Bleed Off

Equalizing Loop
Lower Stripper Ram To Pump Line

Upper Safety Ram

Blind Ram
Choke & Kill Line Choke

Shear Ram

Middle Safety Ram

Lower Safety Ram

The wellhead must have a

Xmas Tree
minimum of at least two
blind BOPs, gate valves or
a combination of both.
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SLIPS & SNUBBERS

Sectional View
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING STRIPPERS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING TUBING HANGER

FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

ANNULAR BOP
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SPACER SPOOL
 FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

HYDRIL BOP
Connector Ring Grooves

Ram Assembly

Bonnet Bolts

Load Hinges
Manual Locking Screw
Fluids Hinges

Fluid Connections and

Hydraulic Passages

Bonnet Bolts Side Outlets for Choke Kill

Piston Rod Mud Seal
Replace Cylinder Liner
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SHAFFER SHEAR RAMS

Upper Block Upper Rubber Lower Rubber Lower Block

Upper Holder Lower Blade Lower Holder

FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

VARIABLE RAMS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

BLIND/SHEAR RAMS

1 Lower Body Assembly

2 Side Packer
3 Upper Ram Body 5
4 Upper Ram Assembly
5 Top Seal
6 Blade Packer
3

6
2

1
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

ADJUSTABLE CHOKE
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

FIXED CHOKE
 PRIMARY SECONDARY

CHECK CHECK LANDING WORK

WORK
BHA SINGLE JOINT STRING
VALVE VALVE NIPPLE STRING

PRIMARY SECONDARY

CHECK CHECK LANDING WORK

WORK
BHA SINGLE JOINT
VALVE VALVE NIPPLE STRING
STRING
SNUBBING bha

STANDARD
PRIMARY SECONDARY

CHECK CHECK LANDING WORK

BHA VALVE PUP JOINT VALVE SINGLE JOINT STRING
NIPPLE
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

PRIMARY SECONDARY

CHECK CHECK LANDING WORK

BHA SINGLE JOINT SINGLE JOINT STRING
VALVE VALVE NIPPLE

NON-STANDARD
SECONDARY

PUMP-OUT LANDING WORK

BPV SINGLE JOINT NIPPLE STRING
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

SNUBBING CONCLUSIONS
FIELD SERVICE TECHNICIAN TRAINING - HUMAN FACTORY

THE END
&
THANK YOU