ESTIMATION AND COSTING

(A70138) JNTUH-R15
B.Tech IV YEAR I SEM

Prepared By:
Mr. Gude Ramakrishna
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

1
 UNIT-I
GENERAL ITEMS OF WORK IN BUILDING

DEFINITION OF ESTIMATING AND COSTING

 Estimating is the technique of calculating or Computing
the various quantities and the expected Expenditure to
be incurred on a particular work or project.
 In case the funds avilable are less than the estimated cost
the work is done in part or by reducing it or
specifications are altered, the following require-ment
are necessary for preparing an estimate.
a) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of
important points.

2
PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF
ESTIMATING.
 Estimating involves the following operations

 Preparing detailed Estimate.

 Calculating the rate of each unit of work

 Preparing abstract of estimate

DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE

 Drawings i.e.plans, elevations, sections etc.

 Specifications.

 Rates.

3
NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING

 Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its
feasibility can be determined i..e whether the project could
be taken up with in the funds available or not.
 Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of
the work.
 Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and
to arange contract.
 Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the
execution of work.

4
PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF
ESTIMATING.
 Estimating involves the following operations

 Preparing detailed Estimate.

 Calculating the rate of each unit of work

 Preparing abstract of estimate

DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE AN ESTIMATE

 Drawings i.e.plans, elevations, sections etc.

 Specifications.

 Rates.

5
RATES:
 For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work
are
 re-quired.

 For arriving at the unit rates of each item.

 The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.

 The cost of transport materials.

 The wages of labour, skilled or unskilled of masons, carpenters,

Mazdoor, etc.,

6
LUMPSUM:
 While preparing an estimate, it is not possible to workout
in detail in case of petty items. Items other than civil
engineering such items are called lumpsum items or
simply L.S.Items.
 The following are some of L.S. Items in the estimate.

 Water supply and sanitary arrangements.

 Electrical installations like meter, motor, etc.,
 Architectural features.
 Contingencies and unforeseen items.

7
WORK CHARGED ESTABLISHMENT:
 During the construction of a project considerable number of
skilled su-pervisors, work assistance, watch men etc., are
employed on temporary basis. The salaries of these persons
are drawn from the L.S. amount alloted towards the work
charged establishment. that is, establishment which is
charged directly to work. an L.S.amount of 1½ to 2% of the
estimated cost is provided towards the work charged
establishment.

8
DETAILED ESTIMATES OF BUILDINGS

UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS:
 The units of measurements are mainly categorised for
their nature, shape and size and for making payments to
the contractor and also. The principle of units of
measurements normally consists the following:
 Single units work like doors, windows, trusses etc.,
are expressed in numbers.
 Works consists linear measurements involve length
like cornice, fencing, hand rail, bands of specified
width etc., are expressed in running metres (RM)

9
  Works consists areal surface measurements
involve area like plastering, white washing,
partitions of specified thickness
 etc., are expressed in square meters (m2)
 Works consists cubical contents which involve
volume like earth work, cement concrete,
Masonry etc are expressed in Cubic metres.

10
METHODS OF TAKING OUT QUANTITIES:
The quantities like earth work, foundation concrete,
brickwork in plinth and super structure etc., canbe workout
by any of following two methods:
 Long wall - short wall method
 Centre line method.

a) Long wall-short wall method:

 In this method, the wall along the length of room is
considered to be long wall while the wall perpendicular
to long wall is said to be short wall.

11
MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS AND WORKS

length of long wall or short wall, calculate first the centre

line lengths of individual walls. Then the length of long
wall, (out to out) may be calculated after adding half
breadth at each end to its centre line length. Thus the length
of short wall measured into in and may be found by
deducting half breadth from its centre line length at each
end. The length of long wall usually decreases from earth
work to brick work in super structure while the short wall
increases. These lengths are multiplied by breadth and
depth to get quantities.

12
 b)Centre line method:
 This method is suitable for walls of similar cross
sections. Here the total centre line length is
multiplied by breadth and depth of respective
item to get the total quantity at a time. When
cross walls or partitions or verandah walls join
with mainall, the centre line length gets reduced
by half of breadth for each junction. such
junction or joints are studied caefully while
calculating total centre line length.The estimates
prepared by this method are most accurate and
quick.

13
MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS AND WORKS

UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS:
The units of measurements are mainly categorised for their nature,
shape and size and for making payments to the contractor and also.
The principle of units of measurements normally consists the
following:
1.Single units work like doors, windows, trusses etc., are
expressed in numbers.
2.Works consists linear measurements involve length like
cornice, fencing, hand rail, bands of specified width etc., are
expressed in running metres (RM)
3.Works consists areal surface measurements involve area like
plastering, white washing, partitions of specified thickness
etc., are expressed in square meters (m2)

14
From the Drawing given below determine (a) Earth work exca-
vation (b) CC (1:5:10) Bed (c) R.R.Masonry in C.M. (1:6) (d) Brick
Work in C.M.(1:6).
 Single Roomed Building

Note: All Dimensions are in 'M'

15
TYPES OF ESTIMATION
DETAILED ESTIMATE:
 The preparation of detailed estimate consists of working
out quantities of various items of work and then
determine the cost of each item. This is prepared in two
stages.
Details of measurements and calculation of quantities:
 The complete work is divided into various items of work
such as earth work concreting, brick work, R.C.C.
Plastering etc., The details of measure-ments are taken
from drawings and entered in respective columns of
prescribed proforma. the quantities are calculated by
multiplying the values that are in num-bers column to
Depth column as shown below: 16
 Details of measurements form

Abstract of Estimated Cost :

 The cost of each item of work is worked out from the
quantities that already computed in the detals
measurement form at workable rate. But the total cost is
worked out in the prescribed form is known as
abstract of estimated form. 4%of estimated Cost is
allowed for Petty Supervision, contingencies and
Unforeseen items. 17
 ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATE FORM
Item No. Description Quantity Unit Rate Per Amount
/

Particulars (Unit)

Factors to be consisdered While Preparing Detailed

Esti-mate:
 Quantity and transportation of materials: For bigger
project, the re-quirement of materials is more. such bulk
volume of mateials will be pur-chased and transported
definitely at cheaper rate.
 Location of site: The site of work is selected, such that
it should reduce damage or in transit during loading,
unloading, stocking of mateirals.
18
 Local labour charges: The skill, suitability and wages of
local laboures are consideed while preparing the detailed

FIXING OF RATE PER UNIT OF AN ITEM:

The rate per unit of an item includes the following:
 Quantity of materials & cost: The requirement of
mateials are taken strictly in accordance with standard
data book(S.D.B). The cost of these includes first cost,
freight, insurance and transportation charges.
 Cost of labour: The exact number of labourers required
for unit of work and the multiplied by the wages/ day to
get of labour for unit item Work.

19
 Cost of equipment (T&P): Some works need
special type of equip-ment, tools and plant. In
such case, an amount of 1 to 2% of estimated
cost is provided.
 Overhead charges: To meet expenses of
office rent, depreciation of equipment salaries
of staff postage, lighting an amount of 4% of
estimate cost is allocated.

20
DETAIL & ABSTRACT ESTIMATES
From the given figure below calculate the detailed and
abstract estimate for the single roomed building
(Load bearing type structure) by
a) long wall & short wall method (b) Centre Line Method

Note: All Dimensions are in 'M'

21
Single Roomed Building
(Load Bearing type structure)
23 Estimation and Costing
a) Long wall - Short Method
S.N o. Particulars of Items No. L B H Q Explanation

1. Earth Work excavation

for foundation
a) Long walls 2 6.2 0.9 1.4 15.264 L=5.3+.45+.45 =6.2
D= 0.3+0.5+0.6 = 1.4
b) Short walls 2 3.4 0.9 1.4 8.568 L= 4.3-0.45-0.45= 3.4
Total 24.192 m3

2. C.C.(1:4:8) bed for

foundation
a) Long walls 2 6.2 0.9 0.3 3.348
b) Short walls 2 3.4 0.9 0.3 1.836
Total 5.184 m3
3. R.R.Masonry in CM
(1:6) for
a) Footings
i) Long walls 2 5.9 0.6 0.5 3.54 L= 5.3+0.3+0.3=5.9
ii) Short walls 2 3.7 0.6 0.5 2.22 L=4.3-0.3-0.3 = 3.7
Total 5.76 m3
b) Basement
i) Long walls 2 5.75 0.45 0.6 3.105 L= 5.3+0.225+0.225= 5.75
ii) Short walls 2 3.85 0.45 0.6 2.079 L= 4.3-0.225-0.225 =3.85
Total 5.184 m3
Total R.R. Masonry for footings and Basement
= 5.76+5.184=10.94 m 3
4. Brick masonary with CM
(1:6) for super structure
a) Long Walls 2 5.6 0.30 3.00 10.08 L=5.3+0.15+0.15=5.6
b) Short walls 2 4.0 0.30 3.00 7.20 L=4.3-0.15-0.15=4.0
c) for parapetwall
5.6

4.6
22
 o. Particulars of Items No. L B H Q Explanation

Deductions for openings

a) Doors 1 1.0 0.3 2.1 0.63
b) Windows 3 1.5 0.3 1.2 1.62
Total (-)2.25 m3

Net Brick Masonry = 20.28 - 2.25 = 18.03m3

5. R.C.C. (1:2:4) for
a) Roof slab 1 5.6 4.6 0.12 3.090
b) Lintels over
i) Doors 1 1.2 0.3 0.15 0.054
ii) Windows 3 1.5 0.3 0.15 0.202
c) Beams
i) Long beams 2 5.6 0.3 0.3 1.008
ii) short beams 2 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.720
Total 5.074 m3
6. Sandfilling for
basement 1 4.85 3.85 0.48 8.96 L=5.0-0.075-0.075=4.85
7 C.C.(1:4:8) for 1 4.85 3.85 0.1 1.86 B= 4.0-0.075-0.075=3.85
flooring
8 Flooring with Mosaic 1 5.0 4.0 -- 20.0 m2
tiles
9 Plastering with CM
(1:6)for super
structure Inside

23
S.N o. Particulars of Items N o. L B Explanation

with CM(1:5) 1 5.0 4.0 -- 20.0

11 White Washing with two

coats with Janatha cement

Same as quantity of
plastering for walls and 151.18 (= 131.18+20= 151.18) ceiling

12. Colour washing

with two coats

Same as quantity of

ceiling

country wood for

Doors 1 1 No.
Windows 3 3No.

14 Painting with ready mixed

synthetic enamil paits with
two coats over primary coat
for new wood for
a) Doors 2¼x1 1.0 --- 2.1 4.725
b) Windows 2¼x3 1.5 --- 1.2 12.15
Total 16.875 m2
15 Petty supervision
and contingencies at 24
4% and rounding off.
b) Centre Line Method

S.N . Particulars of Item s No . L B H Q Explanation

1. Earth Work exevatio n

for foundation 1 19.2 0.9 1.4 24.192 m3
5.3 L=2(5.3+4.3)=19.2
4.3

2. C.C.(1:4:8) bed for 1 19.2 0.9 0.3 5.184 m3

foundation

3. R.R.Masonry in
CM (1:6) for
a) Footings 1 19.2 0.6 0.5 5.76
b) Basement 1 19.2 0.45 0.6 5.184
Total 10.944

4. Brick masonry with

CM(1:6)forsuperstruc ture1 19.2 0.3 3.0 17.28 m3
For parapet wall 1 20.0 0.2 0.75 3.00
Deductions foropenings
a)Doors 1 1.0 2.1
0.3 0.63
b) Windows 3 1.5 1.2
0.3 1.62
Total m3
2.25
Net Brick Maso ny = 17.28 +3.0- = m3
5. R.C.C. (1:2:4) for
a) roof slab 1 5.6 4.6 0.12
b) Lintels over
i) Doors 1 1.2 0.3 0.15
ii) Windows 3 1.5 0.3 0.15
c) beams 1 19.2 1.3 0.3
Total m3
6. Sandfilling for
basement 1 4.85 3.85 0.48 L=5.0-0.075-0.075=4.85
7 C.C.(1:4:8) for 1 4.85 3.85 0.1 B= 4.0-0.075-0.075=3.85
25
flooring
8. flooring withMosaic 1 5.0 4.0 -- 20.0
tiles
9 Plastering with CM
(1:6)for super structure
Inside
For walls 1 18.0 -- 3.0 54.0
Out side
For walls 1 20.4 -- 3.87 61.2
Basement outside 1 21.6 -- 0.6 12.96
Parapet wall
a) Inside 1 18.8 -- 0.75 14.1
b) top 1 19.6 0.2 --- 3.92
Deductions for opeinings Total 146.18 m2
Doors 1x2 1.0 -- 2.1 4.2 L=5.0-0.075-0.075=4.85
Windows 3x2 1.5 -- 1.2 10.8 B= 4.0-0.075-0.075=3.85
15.0 m2
Net Plastering= 146.18-15 = 131.18 m2
10 Plastering for Ceiling 1 5.0 4.0 -- 20.0 m2
with CM(1:5)
11 White Washing with two

coats with Janatha cement

Same as quantity of 151.18 m2

plastering for wallsand (131.18+20=151.18)
ceiling

12. Colour washing

with two coats

Same as quantity of
plastering for walls and 151.18 m2 ceiling

26
S.No. Particulars of Items N o. L B Explanation
14 Painting with ready mixe d
synthetic enamil paints wi th
two coats over primary co at
for new wood for

Doors 2¼x1 1.0 --- 2.1 4.725

Windows 2¼x3 1.5 --- 1.2 12.15

16.875
15 Petty supervision
and contingencies at
4% and rounding off.

27
Abstract estimate of single roomed building (load bearing structure)

S.N o. Description of item Quantity Unit Rate Per Amount

3
1. Earth work excaation 24.192 m3 465 10m 1125.00
3
2. Cement concrete(1:4:8) 5.184 m3 4545 1m 8009.30
3. RR.masonry in C.M.(1:5) 10.94 m3 1391 m3 3 15217.50
4. Sand filling in basement 8.96 m3 195.20 10m 175.00
5. Brick masonry in country 18.03 m3 2291 m3 41306.73
bricks of standard size in
CM(1:8)
6. R.C.C. (1:2:4) for lintels, 1.984 m3 6030 m3 11963.52
beams etc.
7. R.C.C.(1:2:4) for slabs, 3.09 m3 6030 m3 18633.00
8. 1.86 m3 1452 m3 2700.72
for flooring
9. Supplying and fixing of 2.1 m2 1650 m2 3465.00
country wood for doors.
10. Supplying and fixing of 5.4 m2 2300 m2 12420.00
country wood for windows
and ventilators.
11 Plastering to all exposed 151.18 m2 582 10m2 8798.70
surfaces of brick work and
basement with C.M (1:5)
12 White washing with best 151.18 m2 116 10m2 1753.68
shell lime
13 Flooring with spartek tiles 20 m2 4230 10m2 8460.00
set in C.M (1:3)
14 Painting with ready mixed 16.875 m2 335 10m2 565.31

28
CALCULATE THE QUANTITIES OF ITEMS OF THE
STAIR CASE OF THE FIGURE SHOWN IN BELOW.

29
47 Estimation and Costing
R.C.C. Stair Case

S.No. Particulars of Items No. L BH Q Explanation

1 R.C.C. (1:2:4) excluding
steel and its fabrication

but including centering

and shultering and
binding wire.
a) Toe wall 1x1 3.15 0 3 0.4 0.38
m3
L= (1.2+0.15+1.2+2x0.3)
b)Waistslabfor1andII1x2 3.21 1.2 0.17 1.31
flights L= 2.752 +1.652 = 3.21m
c) Landing Middle and 1x2 2.85 1.65 0.17 1.60 L= (1.2+0.15+1.2+2x0.15)
first floor Total 3.29 m3
2. Ist class brick work in 2x11 1.2 ½x( 0.25+1.5) 0.495
C.M. (1:4) for steps
3. 20mm. thick cement
plastering (1:5) for
steps finished neat
a) Treads & Rises 2x11 1.2 x (0.25 +0.15) 10.56
b) ends of steps 2x11 ½x( 0.25+1.5) 0.41
Total 10.97 m2
4. 2.5cm No sing in steps 2x12 1.2 -- -- 28.8RM
5. 2.5cm. C.C. flooring
finished neat cement
floating in middle and
first floor landing. 1x2 2.55 1.2 -- 6.12 m2
6. Supplying and fixing of
best teak wood hand rail
finished smooth 1x1 6.67 -- -- 6.67RM
7. supplyandfixingofbest
teak wood newel posts &
finished smooth 1x2 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.02
30
m3
8. Cap of Newel post 1x2 --- -- --- 2Nos.
 UNIT - II
EARTHWORKS FOR ROADS AND CANALS.

 Generally all the Civil Engineering projects like

roads, railways, earth dams, canal bunds,
buildings etc. involves the earth work.This earth
work may be either earth excavation or earth
filling or Some times both will get according to
the desired shape and level. Basically the volume
of earthwork is computed from length, breadth,
and depth of excavation or filling.
 In this chapter the various methods of
calculating the earth work quantities shall be
discussed.
31
 Lead and Lift:
Lead:
 It is the average horizontal distance between the
centre of excavation to the centre of deposition. The
unit of lead is 50m.
Lift :
 It is the average height through which the earth
has to be lifted from source to the place of
spreading or heaping. The unit of lift is 2.00m for
first lift and one extra lift for every 1.0m. for
example when earth is to be lifted for 4.5m, Four
lifts are to be paid to the contractor.

Calculation of earth work for Roads:

 V = (bd+2x1/2x ndx d)L V = (bd+nd2)L
32
33
 Case2:
V = (bd+2x1/2x ndx d)L V = (bd+nd2)L
When the ground is in longitudinal slope or the
formation has uniform gradi- ent for a length the
earth work may be calculated by the following
methods.
By Mid Section or Mid ordinate method.

Where d1, d2 = depth of banks at two ends 34

 83 Estimation and Costing
Mid ordinate (or) Average depth (d ) = d +d
1 2
m2 2
Area of mid section (Am) = (bdm+ nd
m )
volume of earth work (v) = A x L = (b + nd2 ) ×L
d
m m m

I)Trepezoidal formula: (for twosections)

In this method also called mean sectional area method
LetA1&A2betwoareasattwoends. A= (bd+ nd2), A=(bd +nd2)
1 1 2 2 2
A1+A2
Am= 2
Volume of earth work (v) = Am ×L

35
From the problem 7.5 if the gradient is 1 in 100 raising
upto 40th chainage and 1 in 100 falling ragient from
40th Chainage to 120th chainage. Calculate the vol of
earth work by using the formulas.
C/S. of ROAD LEVELS

23.5

2 22.9 23
3 22.7
22.5
22.2 2
2
2.4 22.1 22 G.L's
22 22 21.8
21.6
21.5 F.L's
21.5
21
21

20.5 20.6

20
20 40 80 100 120
140
0 60
Chainage

36
 UNIT-III
ANALYSIS OF RATES

Definition : In order to determine the rate of a particular

item, the factors affecting the rate of that item are studied
carefully and then finally a rate is de-cided for that item. This
process of determining the rates of an item is termed as
analysis of rates or rate analysis.
The rates of particular item of work depends on the
following.
•Specifications of works and material about their quality,
proportion and con-structional operation method.
•Quantity of materials and their costs.
•Cost of labours and their wages.
•Location of site of work and the distances from source and
conveyance charges.
•Overhead and establishment charges 37
•Profit
 Lead statement: The distance between the source of
availability of material and construction site is known as
"Lead " and is expected in Km. The cost of
convenayce of material depends onlead.
 This statement will give the total cost of materials per
unit item. It in-cludes first cost, convenayce loading,
unloading stacking, charges etc.
 The rate shown in the lead statement are for mettalled
road and include loading and staking charges . The
environment lead on the metalled roads are

39
Cost of materials at source and at site of construction.
The costs of materials are taken as delivered at site
inclusive of the transport local taxes and other charges.
Purpose of Analysis of rates:
To work out the actual cost of per unit of the items.
To work out the economical use of materials and
processes in completing the particulars item.
To work out the cost of extra items which are not
provided in the contract bond, but are to be done as per
the directions of the department.
To revise the schedule of rates due to increase zin the cost 42

of material and labor or due to change in technique

Name. Shape Di No. Length in TotalLength inm
a. m Self weight in kg /m

main bars 4396+2x(9x1 4.684 x 2 π 16 2

B 6) × ×7860
4 1000
EA
= 1.58
M

16 2 = 4684mm = 9.368m

4000+2x230-2x32=4396 = 4.684m

Anchor bars 4396+2x(9x1 4.612 x 2 π 12 2

2) × ×7860
= 9.224m
= 4612mm 4 1000

4000+2x230-2x32=4396 12 2 = 4.612m = 0.89

Cranked bars 4396+2x(9x16)+ 5.04 x 2 π 16 2

500-2x25-16= 434 16 2 2(0.414x434) = 10.08 × ×7860
798 798 4 1000
= 5043mm
2800 = 1.58
=5.043m
Additional
length for
each crank =
0.414d
2(450+180)
450 π× 6 2×7860
+ 1.368x17

6 17 2x9x6 = 23.256 4 1000

180 = 1368mm = 0.22
Height = 500-2x25=450 = 1.368m

No. ofstirups=((798/210)+1)x2
50
Width =230-2x25 =180
+(2800/400) = 17 Nos
 Prepare the bar bending schedule of the given figure for R.C.C. Lintel

300

dimension =4000x Internal room

2000

400
0

51
Name. Shape Dia. No. Length in m TotalLength inm
Self weight in kg /m

main bars 4396+2x(9x16) 4.684 x 2 π 16 2

B × ×7860

EA 4 1000

= 1.58
M

16 2 = 4684mm = 9.368m
4000+2x230-2x32=4396 = 4.684m

Anchor bars 4396+2x(9x12) 4.612 x 2

π 12 2

× ×7860
= 4612mm = 9.224m
4 1000

4000+2x230-2x32=4396 12 2 = 4.612m = 0.89

Cranked bars 4396+2x(9x16) + 5.04 x 2 π 16 2
500-2x25-16= 434
16 2 2(0.414x434) = 10.08 × ×7860

798 798
4 1000
= 5043mm
= 1.58
2800 =5.043m
Additional length for
each crank = 0.414d

450 2(450+180) +
1.368x17 π× 6

×7860
2

6 17 2x9x6 = 23.256 4 1000

180 = 0.22
= 1368mm
Height = 500-2x25=450
= 1.368m 52
Width =230-2x25 =180 No. ofstirups=((798/210)+1)x2
+(2800/400) = 17 Nos
Prepare the bar bending schedule of the given figure for R.C.C. Lintel

53
54
 UNIT-V
VALUATION OF BUILDING

Gravel Road
A gravel road comprising of a gravel of thickness 100mm compacted
thickness and compacted by hand roller. A gravel is placed over an earthern
formation which is compacted by a 2 tonne roller.
The estimate of gravel road consists of determining the folloiwng
quantities.
•Earth work excavation and depositing on bank andcompaction
•collection ofgravel
•spreading compacting gravel toOMC
Example 8.1:- Find the estamation of a gravel road for the fig shown
below. for a proposed road from 0km to 12km.

55
 S.No. ParticularsofItems No. L B H Q Explanation

1a)Earthworkexcavationanddepositingonbarkwithanintialleadandliftofsoilforformationandfilingofpi
ts,pot holes etc.
Area of C/s at O km (A) = 10x1.2+2x1.22 = 14.88m2 Area of C/s at 6 Km (A2) = 10x0.8+2x0.82 =
9.28m2
Area of C/s. at 12 km (A3) = 10x 0.6+2x0.62 = 6.72m2

14.88 +6.72
600
Vol of earth work = + 9.28 = 12048m3
2
b) Add extra for pits &potholes LS
= 52m3
12100 m3
Total
Deduct for gravel = 1 x 1200 x 5 x 0.1 = 600 m3
Net Earth work = 12100-600=11,500m3

56
2. Collectionofgravelin- 1 1200 5.00 0.15 900m3

cluding cost & convey-

anceetccomplete50%

allowance is given for

OMC compaction.

3 Spreadingofgraveland 1 1200 5.00 --- 6000m2

watering

4. Unforceanitems@2% L.S.

5. Tools and plant @1% L.S

6. P.S.andcontinsecis@ L.S

4%
57
Cement concrete road
C.C. road is laid over an existing W.B.M road, In
certain cases. It is laid over a prepared sub grade
and a base course is provided. The concrete used
for roads is M15 grade using 20mm H.B.G. metal
while for base course a concrete of 1:4:8 using
40mm HBGmetal the stages of Estimations of a
C.C.road is
•Earth work excavation and deposting on thebank
•Cement concrete (1:4:8) for basecourse
•Cement concrete (1:2:8) for wearingcourse.

58
:- Calculate the quantities of different items of the figure shown in below
SEPTIK TANK

59
S.N o. Particulars of Items No. L B H Q Explanation

1. Earth work excavation uptoG.L.

2. C.C.(1:4:8) bed for foundation 1 4.602.10 3.1 29.9 5
3. Brick masonary in 1 4.6 2.10 0.30 2.89 8
CM 1:4 for side walls
a) Upto first step (400th) 4300

400

1800

centre line method 1 10.60 0.4 0 1.20 5.088

3900
1400
totalcentre linelength
= (3900+1400)2=10600
b)fromIsttoIIstep(300th)
4100
1600
300

Centre line method 3800

1300
Total centre line length
(3800+1300)2=10200
Total Brick Masonry
R.C.C. (1:2:4) using 20mm HBG 1 10.20 0.3 1.20 3.672
metal = 5.088+3 .672 = 8.76
4. •RCC roofslab
•Bafflewall 60
•8cumward 1 4.10 1.60 0.1 0.656 (Assure projection
1 1.20 0.10 1.80 0.216 100mm inside the
1 1.20 0.10 2.10 0.252 wall)
Total 1.124
 S.N . Particulars of Items No. L B H Q Explanation

5. lastering with CM(1:4) with 20mm thick

a)Inner surface ofseptic tank 1 9.0 -- 2.4 21.6 L=2(3.5+1.0)=9.0
b)flooring
c)sidesofscumboard 1 3.5 1.0 -- 3.15
d)Bottom of scumboard
e)sides of bafflewall
f) Top of bafflewall
g)deduction for Pipe opening
Earth filling with excavated soil around the brick work
1x2 1.0 -- 2.1 4.2
a) upto first step

4750
225 1 1.0 0.1 --- 0.1
150

4450
195
Total length = (4.45+1.95)2

= 12.8 12.80 0.151.2 1x2 1.0 --- 1.8 3.6

to
Ground Level 1 1.0 0.1 -- 0.10
4600
2100
250 2 2 -0.015
π×(0.1)

4350 4 Net Plast ring= m2

33.08
185
6. Total Centre Linelength
=2(4.35+1.85) = 12.4 to up
4.96
0 1.60

2.30 4 b) from1 t step

1x2

1x1

1x1

1 12.40 0.2 1.60

61
Calculate the quantities of different items of the figure shown in below
SOAK PIT

160
100
500
1600 1000

700

1800

600

1600

62
THANK YOU

63