LECTURE # 01
INTRODUCTION TO TOWN PLANNING
BY : AR. RABBIA LIAQUAT
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
COURSE CONTENTS:
Introduction to town planning
Trends in urban growth
Objectives of sound planning
Information required for town planning, maps
Natural resources,
Economic resources
Legal and administrative problems,
Mid term
Civic survey
Urban ecology,
Need and scope of comprehensive plan
Location of public and semi-public buildings
Civic centers, commercial centers
Local shopping centers, public schools
Location of industry & residential areas,
Layout of street, road crossing & lighting
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
• Is urban design really powerful enough to make or
break happiness?
• The question deserves consideration because the
happy city message is taking root around the world.
There is a myth, sometimes widespread, that a
person need only do inner work, in order to be alive
like this; that a man is entirely responsible for his
own problems; and that to cure himself, he need
only change himself … The fact is, a person is so far
formed by his surroundings, that his state of
harmony depends entirely on his harmony with his
surroundings.
—Christopher Alexander, The Timeless Way of
Building
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Today, some 56% of the world’s population – 4.4 billion inhabitants – live
in cities. This trend is expected to continue, with the urban population
more than doubling its current size by 2050, at which point nearly 7 of 10
people will live in cities.
Oct 06,2022
The world bank
Why do civil engineer need to study architecture and town planning?
• Urban planners work with civil engineers to envision the future of cities,
regions and the state. While most urban planners are not civil
engineers, it’s important that they understand their interconnected
issues. Students trained in both fields are in high demand.
• Civil engineers interact and discuss the construction planning with
area’s urban planners and imply the best way of bringing development
in Urban areas they work progressively.
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
What is town planning ?
“city should be built to give its inhabitants security and happiness” – Aristotle
The concept of Town Planning
can be elaborated as a process
in which land resources are
managed efficiently; the
concept of town planning rests
on long-term policies which can
cater to the needs of the
people for a long period. The
concept of town planning is not
only about managing the
physical features of the land
rather but also about uplifting
the social development of a
town
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“As cities continue to grow, so do their challenges and complexities. Urban planning
presents an all-encompassing solution to those challenges”
Town planning
Physical Social Cultural Economic Political Ecological
Man inter-
Built Spiritual Financial Ideological Natural
relationship and
environment environment environment environment environment
behavior
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
What if planning was not there?
Uneven & Chaotic development – contrasting urban scenario
Mixed Land use – Industries springing up in residential zones
Congested transportation network –overflowing traffic than expected
• Planner deal with the fact that human communities are always in the process of
changing ,the consequences of this change can be chaotic and destructive or
enhancing .
• Its planner task to help communities cope with this steady growth, change, and
renewal in the ways that will maintain and improve the communities quality of life
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Aims and objectives of town planning
to create and promote healthy conditions and environments for
Health all the people
to ensure orderly development to avoid encroachment of one
zone over the other
Social, economic, cultural and recreational amenities etc.
Convenience Recreational amenities - open spaces, parks, gardens &
playgrounds, town halls stadiums community centers stadiums,
community centers, cinema houses, and theatres
To preserve the individuality of the town
Beauty To preserve the aesthetics in the design of all elements of
town or city plan
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Based on the density of population, development, amenities, employment
opportunities, education, etc. human settlement is majorly divided into two categories
i.e. Urban and Rural
The term urban simply refers to the region or area
which is densely populated and possess the
characteristics of the man-made surroundings. The
people residing in such area, are engaged in trade,
commerce or services. In this settlement, there is
high scale industrialization that results in better
employment opportunities
Rural as a region located on the outskirts. It refers
to a small settlement, which is outside the
boundaries of a city, commercial or industrial area.
It may include, countryside areas, villages or
hamlets, where there are natural vegetation and
open spaces. There is a low density of population
in such area. The primary source of income of the
residents is agriculture and cattle farming
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Urban related to cities ,towns
Rural related to villages and hamlets
Suburban build up around the outside of cities
Conurbation region comprising a number of metropolises, cities, large towns, and
other urban areas which through population growth and physical expansion, have
merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area
CONURBATION
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
GLOBAL CHARACTERSTICS OF URBAN AREA
Globally urban areas tends to be home to the concentration of power such as
government capitals, corporate headquarters
Cities also organize people, create norm ,belief and values
There are five things that make a city
Fortification
Market
Law of code
Association of urban citizenry creating municipal corporation
Sufficient political autonomy to select for urban citizen to choose city governor
In some country elite built enclaves outside of the central city
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
What is urban culture
Urban culture is the culture of town
that remain alive for 24 hours a day 7
days a week
Encompasses a great number of
very different people that co-exist in
a very limited space
Most of them remain stranger to
each other
This makes it possible to create a
vast array of subcultures close to
each other but with out intruding
into each other’s private lives
Everybody is individual and
individual matters in city
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Rural settlements / villages and hamlets
Rural is the geographical region located in the outer parts of the cities or towns.
Place of human habitant from one isolated houses to the group of houses with
certain identified location and name
Place of human settlements having at least ten houses
Population of about 70-100 (7 to 10 household) but not more than 5000 with
certain identified name and location
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Rural settlements / villages and hamlets
There are many types of rural settlements. Using as classification criteria the shape, internal
structure, and streets texture, settlements can be classified into two broad
categories: clustered and dispersed.
Clustered Rural Settlement is a rural settlement where a number of families live in
close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm
buildings. The layout of this type of village reflects historical circumstances, the nature
of the land, economic conditions, and local cultural characteristics. The rural
settlement patterns range from compact to linear, to circular, and grid.
Dispersed Rural Settlements
A dispersed settlement is one of the main types of settlement patterns used to classify
rural settlements. Typically, in stark contrast to a nucleated settlement, dispersed
settlements range from a scattered to an isolated pattern
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AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Key Differences Between Urban and Rural
URBAN RURAL
A settlement where the population is very Rural is the geographical region located in
high and has the features of a built the outer parts of the cities or towns.
environment (an environment that
provides basic facilities for human activity),
is known as urban.
The life in urban areas is fast and whereas rural life is simple and relaxed.
complicated,
The Urban settlement includes cities and the rural settlement includes villages and
towns. hamlets.
There is greater isolation from nature in rural areas are in direct contact with
urban areas, due to the existence of the nature, as natural elements influence
built environment. them.
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
Key Differences Between Urban and Rural
URBAN RURAL
Urban people are engaged in non- the primary occupation of rural people is
agricultural work, i.e. trade, commerce or agriculture and cattle farming
service industry.
Urban areas are developed in a planned Development in rural areas is seldom,
and systematic way, according to the based on the availability of natural
process of urbanization and vegetation and fauna in the region.
industrialization.
When it comes to social mobilization, rural areas occupational or territorial
urban people are highly intensive as they mobility of the people is relatively less
change their occupation or residence intensive.
frequently in search of better opportunities
Division of labor and specialization is As opposed to rural areas, there is no
always present in the urban settlement at division of labor.
the time of job allotment
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Conclusion
At the end of lecture one can conclude that, Town Planning is the process of
improving the physical, social, and economic conditions of any urban context. The
definition of urban area varies with respect to context and different author’s
interpretations or viewpoints. The current paradigm of town planning revolves
around the concept of environmental sustainability viewpoint i.e. Meeting the
Needs of Present Generation without Compromising the Ability of Future
Generations to meet their Own Needs. Or in other words with an inter-
generational and intra-generational equity the development of an urban context
shall takes place
AR-309 ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
